Assignment: Water Availability in Under Developed & Developing Countries

Assignment: Water Availability in Under Developed & Developing Countries ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Assignment: Water Availability in Under Developed & Developing Countries No more than 2 pages long. (11 Cambria font, 1.5 space) The Literature Review should begin with the larger question of say genocide and then focus on your RQ. Assignment: Water Availability in Under Developed & Developing Countries For example, the literature identifies four main arguments for why the US should continue to support This is the larger question: what are the factors which are affecting the availability of waters in under-developed and developing countries? This is RQ: Should the issue of access to clean water be governed by IGOs or left to local and regional organizations? annotated_bibliography_c Annotated Bibliography Access to Clean Water Yakovleva, N., Kotilainen, J., & Toivakka, M. (2017). Reflections on the opportunities for mining companies to contribute to the United Nations Sustainable Development Goals in sub–Saharan Africa. The Extractive Industries and Society, 4(3), 426-433. The UN developed the Sustainable Development Goals for every region that aims to assist areas of environmental protection, climate change, and human development. This article addresses the way that mining corporations can assist in the implementation of SDG. One of the SDGs is access to clean water. The article mentions that companies should focus on improving physical infrastructures, including water supply. Mining corporations in Sub Saharan Africa can support local rural communities by increasing access to clean water in these communities. Noonan, B. (2018). Nordic Interventions in African Sustainable Water Development: Addressing Participation Deficits as a Primary Success Factor (Master’s thesis, University of Waterloo). According to this article, various actors have parts to play in the provision of safe and clean water to rural communities. IGOs are an example of the actors that have the mandate of assisting the unserved rural communities. According to the article, Uganda is an example of a country in the African continent that has issues with access to clean water. Around 60% of its population lacks access to safe water and basic sanitation. IGOs have supported the country through the JWESSP initiative. Mitropoulos, S. A., Sicko, A., Frilingos, S., Aroh, N., & Papalambros, P. Y. (2020, May). FUNDING DESIGN AND INNOVATION FOR SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN AFRICA: A REVIEW OF SOURCES. In Proceedings of the Design Society: DESIGN Conference (Vol. 1, pp. 2079-2088). Cambridge University Press. According to this article, the authors state that international or multinational organizations are key drivers for sustainability in the African continent. These organizations source for funds that they divert into the improvement of infrastructure in the African continent. For instance, the African Development Bank created an initiative, the Rural Water Supply, and Sanitation Initiative. This initiative offers funds for sanitation and water supply projects in rural areas in Africa. The initiative receives funding from various countries, totaling up to nearly 210 million dollars. Dos Santos, S., Adams, E. A., Neville, G., Wada, Y., De Sherbinin, A., Bernhardt, E. M., & Adamo, S. B. (2017). Urban growth and water access in sub-Saharan Africa: Progress, challenges, and emerging research directions. Science of the Total Environment, 607, 497-508. Access to a clean water supply remains the risk of the most significant concern in Sub-Saharan Africa. All over the world, about one in every ten people does not have access to clean water. The least developed countries, especially in Sub-Saharan Africa, are the most affected by this issue. There are a lot of factors that affect access to clean water, including a rapid rate of urbanization, population growth, and climate change. Major water policy initiatives implemented by IGOs like the UN strive to improve clean water access, especially for rural areas. Assignment: Water Availability in Under Developed & Developing Countries Duncker, L. C. (2017). The effect of consumer expectations and perceptions regarding sanitation on access to clean water. According to the authors of this article, water is essential for the existence of human life. Sanitation and access to water go hand in hand. Increased access to water translates to an increase in the levels of sanitation. The UN Human Rights Council established that every human has the right to access clean and safe drinking water. It is vital for human life, health, and dignity. As the demand for clean water increases, the availability of water rapidly decreases. It will take the efforts of various institutions, financing agencies, and NGOs to remedy the challenges posed by an ever-increasing population and a diminishing supply of clean water. Ndikumana, L., & Pickbourn, L. (2017). The impact of foreign aid allocation on access to social services in sub-Saharan Africa: the case of water and sanitation. World Development, 90, 104-114. After the end of the Millennium Development Goals in 2015, there is a need for more ambitious targets in development, especially towards improving access to water and sanitation. Bilateral and multilateral donors and governments have paid attention to improving access to social services such as education and healthcare, neglecting the need for access to safe and clean water. It is evident in the uneven nature of the progress that Sub-Saharan Africa is making towards realizing the MDGs set by the United Nations. After the expiration of the MDGs, only a few countries in the area had managed to improve access for the rural populations that did not have access to clean and safe water. Emenike, C. P., Tenebe, I. T., Omole, D. O., Ngene, B. U., Oniemayin, B. I., Maxwell, O., & Onoka, B. I. (2017). Accessing safe drinking water in sub-Saharan Africa: Issues and challenges in South–West Nigeria. Sustainable cities and society, 30, 263-272. According to the article mentioned above, the expiration of the MDGs saw the creation of the SDGs. The SDGs’ sixth goal is to improve access to economical and safe drinking water and sanitation to every population. Lack of access to clean water can result in various challenges such as poor sanitation that also result in health issues such as the spread of diseases. Multiple factors affect access to clean and safe drinking water in Southwest Nigeria. They include income, cost of water, available sources of clean water, proximity to the sources, and availability of government water sources. Naik, P. K. (2017). Water crisis in Africa: myth or reality?. International journal of water resources development, 33(2), 326-339. According to this article, many of the issues that the continent is facing in terms of access to water is due to poor governance. Various governments in the African continent do not consider the fact that access to clean water is a primary concern. It diverts its attention to other things, such as improving access to education, among other things. A research conducted by the African Development Bank, and IGO, conducted research that came up with these findings. Connor, R. (2015). The United Nations world water development report 2015: water for a sustainable world (Vol. 1). UNESCO publishing. Water is an important aspect of the three dimensions of sustainable development that is environmental, economic, and social. There cannot be any progress on these three dimensions if there are limits on finite water resources and in the management of the water resources. The UN has a vision that aims to create water security by the year 2050. This vision will ensure that everyone can access clean and safe drinking water in adequate quantities and acceptable quality from sustainable water sources. Access to clean water will facilitate development, sustain their well-being and meet their basic needs. Angoua, E. L. E., Dongo, K., Templeton, M. R., Zinsstag, J., & Bonfoh, B. (2018). Barriers to access improved water and sanitation in poor peri-urban settlements of Abidjan, Côte d’Ivoire. PloS one, 13(8), e0202928. Poor urban populations of sub-Saharan African cities face enormous challenges when it comes to accessing water and improved sanitation. People in these areas require tailored approaches to innovative planning based on their conditions to meet the SDGs developed by the United Nations. It is clear that the local organizations and governments cannot do enough to remedy the issue hence the need to assign intergovernmental organizations the mandate of handling the situation as they possess the necessary resources to improve situations in Sub-Saharan Africa and the entire continent as a whole. Assignment: Water Availability in Under Developed & Developing Countries Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10