Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report

Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report I will attached all the fails that you need and also a pic of how you should writ the report,make sure you have to make thre graphs. Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report try your best plese 3 days ago ATTACHMENTS I will upload all the files, all you have to writ is to compare between two result and say the different in the ECG don’t writ any name just subject one subject two like this. attachment_1 attachment_2 attachment_3 Please submit your lab reports here. The grading breakdown will be as follows: 1. Cover page (5 points) 2. Introduction (5 points): Brief introduction / overview of the lab with objectives and hypothesis. 2. Methods (10 points): Provide enough detail such that another student could repeat your experiment after reading your report. This section should also include equations used to calculate relevant values (if any). 3. Results (10 points): This section should include any charts, figures, or tables that you create using your data (within reason). Excess plots and tables can be placed in the appendix. Remember that graphics need to be explained in the text before appearing in the report. 4. Conclusions (10 points): What does the data suggest? How does this address your hypotheses? What (if any) were the limitations of the lab? What are your conclusions? attachment_4 Widener University School of Engineering BME 303: Biomedical Engineering Laboratory I Experiment #6: Electrocardiography (ECG/EKG) Notes: 1. Each test should be performed on at least one male and one female student in your group. 2. You will be sharing your data with your group members, so you must include the data from each group member in your individual lab reports. Experiments: ***At this time, you should attach the electrodes to each student as show in Figure 5.6*** 1. Electrocardiography I Systole–Blood driven from the heart (contracting) Diastole–Heart refills with blood (relaxed) Enderle JD, Bronzino JS, Introduction to Biomedical Engineering, 3rd Ed. 2012 I. EXPERIMENTAL OBJECTIVES 1) To become familiar with the electrocardiograph as a primary tool for evaluating electrical events within the heart. 2) To correlate electrical events as displayed on the ECG with the mechanical events that occur during the cardiac cycle. 3) To observe rate and rhythm changes in the ECG associated with body position and breathing. II. MATERIALS ? ? BIOPAC electrode lead set (SS2L) BIOPAC disposable vinyl electrodes (EL503), 3 electrodes per subject ? ? BIOPAC electrode gel (GEL1) and abrasive pad (ELPAD) or Skin cleanser or alcohol prep Cot or lab table and pillow ? Biopac Student Lab System: software BSL 3.7.7 or above data acquisition unit MP36, MP35, MP30 (Windows only), or MP45 Computer System ? III. EXPERIMENTAL METHODS ? A. For further explanation, use the online support options under the Help Menu. SETUP FAST TRACK 1. 2. 3. DETAILED EXPLANATION ? Turn the computer ON. The desktop should appear on the monitor. If it does not appear, ask the Make sure the BIOPAC MP3X unit is turned laboratory instructor for assistance. OFF. Plugs into Channel 1 Plug the equipment in as follows: Electrode lead (SS2L)—CH 1 4. Turn ON the BIOPAC MP3X unit. SS2L Electrode Lead Set Fig. 5.5 MP3X (top) and MP45 (bottom) hardware connections 5. 6. Place three electrodes on Subject as shown in Fig. 5.6. Setup continues… Attach the electrode lead set SS2L to the electrodes following Fig. 5.6. ? Place one electrode on the medial surface of each leg, just above the ankle. Place the third electrode on the right anterior forearm at the wrist (same side of arm as the palm of hand). Note For optimal electrode adhesion, place electrodes on skin at least 5 minutes before Calibration is started. Fig. 5.6 Lead II Setup When the electrode leads are connected properly, the LEAD II electrode configuration will be established. The electrode lead cables are each a different color and the pinch connectors on the ends of the cables need to be attached to a specific electrode. Follow Fig. 5.6 to ensure that each cable is connected to the proper electrode. The pinch connectors work like a small clothespin, but will only latch onto the nipple of the electrode from one side of the connector. 7. Have Subject lie down and relax. Position the electrode cables such that they are not pulling on the electrodes. Connect the electrode cable clip (where the cable meets the three individual colored wires) to a convenient location (can be on Subject’s clothes). This will relieve cable strain. Subject should not be in contact with nearby metal objects (faucets, pipes, etc.), and should remove any wrist or ankle bracelets. 8. 9. Start the BIOPAC Student Lab program. Choose lesson L05 and click OK. ? Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report 10. Type in your filename and click OK. 11. Optional: Set Preferences. ? Choose File > Preferences. ? Select an option. ? Select the desired setting and click OK. Lesson L05 is Electrocardiography (ECG) I. Type in a unique identifier. Click OK to end the default setup. This lesson has optional Preferences for data and display while recording. Per your Lab Instructor’s guidelines, you may set: Journal Text: show minimum guiding text vs. detailed text Grids: show or hide gridlines ECG filter: set bandwidth Heart Rate Data: Calculate and display Heart Rate data – enabled by default We recommend that you leave Heart Rate data enabled. Heart Rate data is derived by finding each R-R interval in the ECG channel and then calculating the corresponding rate (in BPM). Rate (BPM) = (60 sec./minute) / (R-R Interval -sec.) END OF SETUP B. CALIBRATION Since Heart Rate data requires a full, preceding R-R interval, it is always delayed from ECG data by one R-R Interval and the data is only updated once per R-R interval. Time scale: set horizontal time scale from 10-120 seconds Lesson Segments: Specific recording segments may be omitted based on instructor’s preferences. Calibration establishes the hardware’s internal parameters (such as gain, offset, and scaling) and is critical for optimum performance. Pay close attention to the following calibration steps. FAST TRACK DETAILED EXPLANATION 1. Double check electrode connections and make sure Subject is supine, relaxed, and still. Make sure the electrodes adhere securely to the skin. If they are being pulled up, you will not get a good ECG signal. Subject must be relaxed and as still as possible during the Calibration. The electrocardiograph is very sensitive to small changes in voltage caused by contraction of skeletal muscles, and Subject’s arms and legs need to be relaxed so that the muscle (EMG) signal does not corrupt the ECG signal. 2. Click Calibrate. The Calibrate button is in the upper left corner of the program window. This will start the calibration recording, which will stop automatically after eight seconds. Subject needs to remain supine, relaxed, and still throughout calibration. 3. Check the calibration data: At the end of the 8-sec calibration recording, there should be a recognizable ECG waveform with no large baseline drifts. If data resembles Fig. 5.7 (with allowance for any difference in vertical scaling), proceed to the Data Recording section. ? If similar, proceed to Data Recording. ? If different, Redo Calibration. Fig. 5.7 END OF CALIBRATION C. If data shows any large baseline drifts, check that electrodes are making good contact, then click Redo Calibration and repeat the entire calibration sequence. RECORDING LESSON DATA FAST TRACK 1. Prepare for the recording and have Subject lie down and relax. *IMPORTANT This procedure assumes that all lesson segments are enabled in lesson Preferences, which may not be the case for your lab. Always match the segment title to the segment reference in the journal and disregard any references to excluded segments . DETAILED EXPLANATION Four conditions* will be recorded: Supine, Seated, Breathing deeply, and After exercise. Subject will perform tasks in the intervals between recordings. In order to work efficiently, read this entire section so you will know what to do for each recording segment. Subject should remain in a supine position and continue to relax while you review the lesson. Hints for obtaining optimal data: ? a) The electrocardiograph is very sensitive to small changes in voltage caused by contraction of skeletal muscles. To minimize artifact: ? Subject’s arms and legs need to be relaxed so that the muscle (EMG) signal does not corrupt the ECG signal. ? Recording continues… Subject should be as still as possible and should not talk or laugh during any of the recording segments. ? Subject should be in a relaxed state for each recording segment and in the position noted for each segment. b) When asked to sit, Subject should sit with arms relaxed at side of body and hands apart in lap, with legs flexed at knee and feet supported. c) For Steps 5-6: Click Resume as soon as possible after Subject sits up in order to capture the heart rate variation, but not while Subject is in the process of sitting up or there will be excessive motion artifact. Supine 2. Click Record. When Record is clicked, the recording will begin and an append marker labeled “Supine” will automatically be inserted. 3. Record for 20 seconds and then click Suspend. Subject is supine for seconds 0-20. The recording should halt, giving you time to review the data and prepare for the next recording segment. 4. Review the data on the screen. If data looks similar to Fig. 5.8, proceed to Step 5. ? If correct, go to Step 6. Fig. 5.8 Supine ? 5. If different, click Redo Seated Have Subject quickly get up and sit in a chair, with arms relaxed and feet supported. (Fig. 5.9) Recording continues… The data might be different if: a) The Suspend button was pressed prematurely. b) An electrode peeled up, causing a large baseline drift, spike, or loss of signal. c) Subject has too much muscle (EMG) artifact. In this case, click Redo and repeat Steps 2-4. Note that when Redo is clicked, the data that was just recorded will be erased. Subject should sit with arms relaxed at side of body and hands apart in lap, with legs flexed at knee and feet supported for seconds 21-40. Fig. 5.9 Proper position for ‘Seated’ segment In order to capture the heart rate variation, it is important that you resume recording as quickly as possible after Subject sits. However, it is also important that you do not click Resume while Subject is in the process of sitting or you will capture motion artifact. 6. Click Resume as soon as possible once Subject sits and relaxes. When you click Resume, the recording will continue and an append marker labeled “Seated” will be automatically inserted. 7. Record for 20 seconds and then click Suspend. Subject remains seated, relaxed, and still while maintaining the original breathing rate. The recording should halt, giving you time to review the data and prepare for the next recording segment. 8. Review the data on the screen. ? If similar, go to Step 9. If data looks similar to Fig. 5.10, proceed to Step 9. Fig. 5.10 Seated ? If different, click Redo. The data would be different for the reasons in Step 4. If different, redo the recording by clicking Redo and repeating Steps 5-8. Note that once you press Redo, the data that was just recorded will be erased. Deep Breathing 9. Click Resume. 10. Subject remains seated and inhales and exhales as completely as possible for five prolonged (slow) breath cycles. Recorder inserts event markers at a corresponding inhale and exhale. ? “start of inhale” — press F4 ? “start of exhale” — press F5 When Resume is clicked, the recording will continue and an append marker labeled “Deep breathing” will be automatically inserted. Subject remains seated, relaxed, and still. After the recording begins, Subject should complete a series of five prolonged (slow), deep, breath cycles, inhaling fully and exhaling completely. Note It is important to breathe with long, slow, deep breaths to help minimize the EMG artifact. During this time, Recorder presses F4 at start of one inhale and F5 at start of corresponding exhale to insert pre-labeled markers. These event markers will help you locate data to complete Table A in the Data Report. ? Labels can also be entered manually: press F9 on Windows or Esc on Mac; labels can be added or edited after data is recorded. 11. Click Suspend after 5 breath cycles. The recording should halt, giving you time to prepare for the next recording segment. 12. Review the data on the screen. If data looks similar to Fig. 5.11, proceed to Step 13. ? If similar, go to Step 13. Recording continues… Fig. 5.11 Deep Breathing ? If different, click Redo. Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report The data might be different for the reasons in Step 4. Note The “Deep breathing” recording may have some baseline drift (as shown previously in Fig. 5.11). Baseline drift is fairly normal and unless it is excessive, it does not necessitate redoing the recording. If incorrect, click Redo and repeat Steps 9-12. Note that when Redo is clicked, the data that was just recorded will be erased. After exercise 13. Have Subject perform an exercise to elevate his/her heart rate. Subject should perform an exercise to elevate his/her heart rate fairly rapidly, such as running up stairs, push-ups, or jumping-jacks. Note You may remove the electrode cable pinch connectors so that Subject can move about freely, but do not remove the electrodes. If you do remove the cable pinch connectors, you must reattach them following the precise color placement in Fig. 5.6 prior to clicking Resume. In order to capture the heart rate variation, it is important that you resume recording as quickly as possible after Subject has performed the exercise. However, it is also important that you do not click Resume while Subject is exercising or you will capture motion artifact. 14. Click Resume. When Resume is clicked, the recording will continue and an append marker labeled “After exercise” will be automatically inserted. 15. Record for 60 seconds. 16. Click Suspend. 17. Review the data on the screen. Subject is seated in a relaxed state, recovering from exercise. The recording should halt. If data looks similar to Fig. 5.12, proceed to Step 18. ? If similar, go to Step 18. Fig. 5.12 After Exercise ? If different; click Redo. Recording continues… ACTIVE LEARNING PORTION The data would be incorrect for the reasons in Step 4. Note The “After exercise” recording may have some baseline drift (as shown in Fig. 5.12 above). Baseline drift is fairly normal and, unless excessive, does not necessitate redoing the recording. If incorrect, clicking Redo and repeating Steps 13-17. Note that once you press Redo, the data that was just recorded will be erased. With this lesson you may record additional data segments. Design an experiment to test or verify a scientific principle(s) related to topics covered in this lesson. You are limited to this lesson’s channel assignments; however the electrodes may be moved to different locations on the subject. Design Your Experiment Use a separate sheet to detail your experiment design, and be sure to address these main points: A. Hypothesis Describe the scientific principle to be tested or verified. B. Materials List the materials will you use to complete your investigation. C. Method Describe the experimental procedure—be sure to number each step to make it easy to follow during recording. Run Your Experiment D. Set Up Set up the equipment and prepare the subject for your experiment. E. Record Use the Resume, and Suspend buttons to record as many segments as necessary for your experiment. Click Done when you have completed all of the segments required for your experiment. Analyze Your Experiment F. Set measurements relevant to your experiment and record the results in a Data Report. 18. Click Done. 19. Click Yes. A dialog with options will be generated. Make your choice and continue as directed. If choosing the “Record from another Subject” option: a) Attach electrodes per Setup Steps 5-7 and continue the entire lesson from Setup Step 9. b) Each person will need to use a unique file name. 20. Remove the electrodes. (UNLESS THERE IS ANOTHER EXPERIMENT TO PERFORM) Remove the electrode cable pinch connectors. Peel off the electrodes and discard the electrodes; BIOPAC electrodes are not reusable. Wash the electrode gel residue from the skin, using soap and water. Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report The electrodes may leave a slight ring on the skin for a few hours. This is normal, and does not indicate that anything is wrong. END OF RECORDING IV. DATA ANALYSIS In this section, you will examine ECG components of cardiac cycles and measure amplitudes (mV) and durations (msecs) of the ECG components. Note: Interpreting ECGs is a skill that requires practice to distinguish between normal variation and those arising from medical conditions. Do not be alarmed if your ECG is different than the normal values and references in the Introduction. FAST TRACK 1. DETAILED EXPLANATION Enter the Review Saved Data mode. ? Enter the Review Saved Data mode from Lessons menu. ? Note Channel Number (CH) designation: CH 1 ECG (Lead II) CH 40 Heart Rate The data window should come up the same as Fig. 5.13. ? Note measurement box settings: Channel Measurement CH 40 Value CH 1 Delta T CH 1 P-P CH 1 BPM Fig 5.13 The measurement boxes are above the marker region in the data window. Each measurement has three sections: channel number, measurement type, and result. The first two sections are pull-down menus that are activated when you click them. ? Brief definition of measurements: Value: Used to measure BPM, the value measurement displays the amplitude value for the active channel at the point selected by the I-beam cursor. Data Analysis continues… 2. ? CH 40 heart rate data is only updated at the end of an R-R interval so it remains constant within an R-R interval; therefore, the Value (BPM) measurement will be accurate from any selected point in the R-R interval. ? Value can also be determined by using the Arrow tool while holding down the left mouse button. Delta T: Used to measure duration, this is the difference in time between the beginning and end points of the selected area. P-P (peak-to-peak): Used to measure amplitudes, this finds the maximum value in the selected area and subtracts the minimum value in the selected area. BPM: Use only if CH 40 was not recorded. The Beats Per Minute measurement first calculates the difference in time between the beginning and end of the selected area (seconds/beat), and divides this value into 60 seconds/minute. The “selected area” is the area selected by the I-beam tool (including endpoints). Set up your display window for optimal viewing of three complete cardiac cycles from the initial “Supine” segment. Fig. 5.14 Sample data from “Supine” segment The following tools help you adjust the data window: ? Display menu: Autoscale horizontal Autoscale waveforms, Zoom Previous Scroll Bars: Time (Horizontal); Amplitude (Vertical) Cursor Tools: Zoom Tool Buttons: Overlap, Split, Adjust Baseline (Up, Down), Show Grid, Hide Grid The Heart Rate plot needs two cycles to “catch up” to the ECG plot because heart rate is calculated with ECG data. Fig. 5.15 Overlap sample: Heart Rate and ECG after supine Subject is seated Adjust Baseline allows you to position the waveform up or down in small increments so that the baseline (isoelectric line) can be exactly zero. After Adjust Baseline is pressed, Up and Down buttons are generated. Simply click these to move the waveform up or down. This is not needed to get accurate amplitude measurements, but may be desired before making a printout, or when using grids. Data Analysis continues… 3. For measuring heart rate, use the cursor to select any data point within an R-R interval. ?A Note that the CH 40 Value measurement displays the BPM for the interval preceding the current R-R interval. If CH 40 Heart Rate data was not recorded, use CH 1 BPM to determine the heart rate; select from R wave peak to R wave peak as precisely as possible. Follow the examples shown above to complete all the measurements required for the Data Report 4. Take measurements within two other R-R intervals in the current segment. ?A 5. Repeat measurements on the other segments as required for the Data Report. ?A Fig. 5.16 Data point selection for Heart Rate data correlated to ECG data 6. 7. 8. Hide CH 40. Zoom in on a single cardiac cycle from “Supine” segment. Measure Ventricular Systole and Diastole. ?B 9. The remaining measurements use ECG data only. To hide Heart Rate data display and focus on ECG data, Ctrl-click (Windows) or Option-click (Mac) the “40” channel number box. For Ventricular Systole and Diastole measurements, the T wave reference point for the selected area is 1/3 of the way down the descending portion of the T wave; if necessary, see Fig. 5.2 and Table 5.1 in the Introduction for selected area details. Repeat measurements for “After exercise” Measurement data starts at the mark … Widener BME303 Biomedical Engineering Electrocardiography Lab Report Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10