Assignment: Communicable Diseases Of Interest

Assignment: Communicable Diseases Of Interest
Assignment: Communicable Diseases Of Interest
2.1. Procedure. Ethics approval was obtained from the Domains-Specific Review Board of a large teaching hospital in Singapore and the Human Research Ethics Committee at James Cook University. This study was based on an archival retrospective review of deidentified hospital records of patients who were admitted for a suicide attempt from January 2004 to December 2006. Data were collected from hospital databases related to the suicide attempters who were admitted over the three-year period and this data set was the most comprehensive data set available from the hospital, as such assessment data were not collected prior to and following the stipulated period. Archival data were extracted from the Patient Psychiatric Assessment Form (PPAF). The PPAF included the Suicide Risk Assessment Form (SRAF), information about the current suicide attempt, as well as information about the suicide attempter, and risk and protective factors.
All cases of attempted suicide were assessed by clinicians in the emergency department under the supervision of a consultant psychiatrist, and the interview took approximately 20minutes.This assessment was part of the protocol standard operating procedure for patients admitted following a medi- cally treated suicide attempt. At the time of the evaluation, the medical officer made a formal psychiatric diagnosis based on DSM criteria. After the assessment, a management plan was recommended.
Viruses or bacteria create communicable diseases, which humans communicate to one another through coming into contact with infected surfaces, bodily fluids, blood products, insect bites, or the air.
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There are many different types of communicable diseases, some of which must be reported to the proper health departments or government authorities in the outbreak’s area.
HIV, hepatitis A, B, and C, measles, salmonella, measles, and blood-borne illnesses are examples of communicable diseases.
Fecal-oral, food, sexual intercourse, insect bites, contact with contaminated fomites, droplets, or skin contact are the most prevalent modes of transmission.
Hepatitis, in particular, is a type of infectious disease spread by the oral-fecal route.
Coming into touch with blood products, drinking contaminated water, having sex with another infected person (oral and intercourse), or eating hepatitis-infected food are all ways to become infected with hepatitis.
For a hepatitis infection to be diagnosed, six criteria must be met.
An infectious agent, in this case the hepatitis virus, a reservoir, a route of infection, a mode of transmission, a route of entrance, and a susceptible individual who becomes infected with the virus are among the conditions.
The hepatitis A virus (HAV) is a contagious disease that can be prevented through vaccination.
It causes jaundice by affecting the liver.
It is spread from person to person through contaminated water, infected food, oral sexual contact, inadequate hand hygiene after using the restroom or changing diapers, and contaminated water.
It’s one of the most widely reported epidemics in the US.
After ingestion of contaminated food, it becomes self-limiting.
The virus replicates in the liver, is expelled in bile, and can reach dangerously high levels in the feces.
2 weeks after transmission, stool concentrations are at their maximum.
About a week after inoculation or the start of jaundice, patients are considered non-infectious.
Acute onset fever, malaise, jaundice, hepatomegaly, and stomach discomfort are the most common symptoms in symptomatic patients.
Jaundice is frequently accompanied by a significant increase in serum aminotransferases (more than 1000 units/L).
For diagnostic reasons, IgM anti-hepatitis A virus is the test of choice.
There is no specific treatment for this condition.
Supportive and conservative management is the current standard of care.
Personal cleanliness and active or passive immunization are two methods of prevention.