Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health

Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Can you help me understand this question? So this paper is based on the research poster I have attached. Now the research poster is being put in research proposal so the research poster I posted information now is being put in depth in the proposal. Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Everything I have attached is the following: Her comments about the research proposal I turned in to her which is the one attached. THIS IS WHAT SHE TOLD ME ABOUT THE PROPOSAL: I tried to redirect you earlier when you were putting together your scientific poster. A meta-synthesis is a very sophisticated form of research and is not something that you want to do for your first attempt at putting together a study. The difference between a meta-synthesis (qualitative) and a meta-analysis (quantitative) is one is analyzing qualitiative research studies and the other is analyzing quantitative studies on a specific research problem. Like all research, a meta-synthesisbegins with a research question. Your review of literature would be what qualitative studies have addressed your research question. For example, if your question is what are nurse practitioners’ perceptions about managing patients with schizophrenia? then your review of literature would be all studies that addressed your question. Once you have done a ROL you will analyze and synthesize these studies to determine if there are common themes that may add to our body of knowledge. Before you can do a meta-synthesis, you should be experienced in conducting qualitative research. I strongly suggest that you redo your paper and expand what you have already done for your scientific poster. As it stands, you cannot earn an A on your written proposal. Read about doing qualitative research in your Polit. The second comment is the one I just wanted to include from what she said about the poster, and changes she wanted which I made them obviously in order to print it. I thought it would give you a better understanding. THIS IS WHAT SHE ORIGINALLY TOLD ME REGARDING THE POSTER: Your poster is much improved, however, there are still a few areas that need to be addressed: (1) Your design is an exploratory descriptive (you are not doing a metasynthesis, where you are analyzing qualitative research that has already been done and summarizing them to see if there are consistent themes) Since there is little known about how ER nurse practitioners perceive their ability to deliver appropriate care to patients with schizophrenia, the aim of your study will be to discover how ER nurse practitioners perceive patients with schizophrenia and their experiences in providing emergency care to this vulnerable population> (Forget the delivering culturally congruent care. I suggest that you change your title to The Perceptions and Experiences of ER Nurse Practitioners on Providing Care to Patients with Schizophrenia). Methods: Delete searching and selecting relevant research articles since you are not doing a metasynthesis. Delete the 3rd bullet. Instead A face-to-face semi-structured interview will be conducted with each participant with a follow-up focus group discussion. Delete bullet 4. Instead Data will be collected through process notes and summary notes. The next bullet: Will use a constant-comparison analysis of data until discrete themes emerge; Results: Affinity among categories resulted in linkage into (however many categories you decide. Some possible themes may be ER nurse practitioners felt uncomfortable and feared patients with schizophrenia; lacked confidence in treatment with psychotropic medications; lacked confidence in abilities to implement options in deescalating aggressive behavior; misunderstood patient’s health-seeking behavior through ER. Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Delete the inserts on Acutely Psychotic Patients project.png the_perception_of_er_nurses_in_providing_culturally_congruent_care_to_patients_with_schizophrenia.docx revised_template.pptx syllabus_research_6302.9ol_201 Running head: THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENT WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA The Perception of ER Nurses in Providing Culturally Congruent Care to Patients with Schizophrenia Student’s Name Professor’s Name Course Title Date THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 2 The Perception of ER Nurses in Providing Culturally Congruent Care to Patients with Schizophrenia Abstract This research purposes to explore emergency room (ER) nurse practitioners on offering culturally congruent care to clients suffering from schizophrenia. The study utilizes a qualitative meta-synthesis approach that utilizes secondary information from earlier studies on the topic after research question identification, then searching for, choosing, summarizing, and qualitative evidence from previous studies combination to respond to the research question. The results comprise of general psychiatric and medical problems faced by schizophrenia patients and nurse practitioners have interacted and worked with this susceptible population to avail congruent care for them to attain optimal health. Primary care providers for Schizophrenia patients have the capacity to the disparities in health experienced by this population and make a notable difference in the general health of these patients. THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 3 Introduction Schizophrenia is a brain illness that interferes with the normal functioning of the brain. The individuals affected with the disease display odd and sometimes disorganized or irrational behavior.Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health The brain is the body organ where understanding, feeling, and thinking takes place (existence of consciousness), brain disease such as schizophrenia alters the comprehension ability of the person affected. The symptoms of schizophrenia include difficulty in normal interaction with others, problem in thinking coherently, and difficulty inappropriate expression of emotions and carrying out responsibilities. Simple daily tasks such as personal hygiene can be neglected and become unmanageable. The nature of both delusions and hallucinations is involuntary and for patients who experience them occurs without premeditation and spontaneously. The emergency department (ED) avail care for both non-urgent and urgent conditions, which implies that sometimes it serves as a substitute for primary care. In developed countries, there is an increase in the use of the Emergency Department, which has resulted from its cost and outcomes increases. Hospitals are working to build psychiatric divisions that larger and better which improves patients’ safety and comfort ultimately. In turn, it improves the quality of care provided for these patients from such a population that is vulnerable. The significance of this study is because there are few data provided about the care of the mental patient in the ER, particularly in the primary care setting. Also, schizophrenia patients are a vulnerable population that has not been seriously considered or always ignored and yet they need special attention and care. The purpose of this report is to research on what ED nurses are doing towards effectively availing culturally congruent care to clients with schizophrenia. The THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 4 research question for this research is what perception of ER Nurses have on providing culturally congruent care to Patients with Schizophrenia. Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Literature Review Viron et al., (2012) states that according to diagnostic criteria the characteristics of schizophrenia include disorganized speech, hallucinations, delusions and ‘negative symptoms’ that can last for a month or more which can result in occupational or social dysfunction. Negative symptoms involve decreased emotional expression and social interaction, motivation, poverty of speech. Schizophrenia symptoms can be mistaken by family members or clinicians as laziness or depression disorder. There is an importance for primary care providers to effectively familiarize themselves with questions that elicit psychotic symptoms’ presence. Schizophrenia’s mainstay treatment is maintenance antipsychotic medication, which is efficient in controlling psychosis’ acute exacerbations and prevention of relapse of such symptoms (Viron et al., 2012). Mental health treatment common team members for a patient suffering from schizophrenia include a psychiatrist, therapist, case manager, outreach worker, visiting nurse, residential staff member, and legal guardian. Figure 1: Schizophrenia’s six standard symptom clusters THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 5 According to Mohone et al., (2016), Schizophrenia requires ongoing treatment together with antipsychotic medication with psychosocial therapy to reduce prevent the risk of relapse. Although the exact pathogenesis is unknown, Schizophrenia’s etiology is multifactorial and may comprise neural, environmental, and genetic components (Mohone et al., 2016). Decisions about switching, titrating, and initiating medications comprise continuing discussions during consultations in the clinic and are part of learning mental disorders self-manage. The discussions relating to medication are affected by variables such as the ability of the clinic to engage in selfcare and lifestyle behaviors. Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Psychosocial interventions that have demonstrated effectiveness available for patients with schizophrenia include case management or assertive community treatment (ACT), illness self-management, supported employment, family psychoeducation, and social skills training (Mohone et al., 2016). Programs for illness self-management assist clients in advancing their skills relating to chronic illness aspect of emotional, social, and medical. Schizophrenia underlying cause is believed to be neurotransmitters imbalance with the brain along with environmental factors (Prime Inc., 2012). Most therapies in pharmacology focus on modulating the levels of neurotransmitter within the brain. Early studies state that dopamine agonists such as amphetamines could result in symptoms like schizophrenia in individuals who are healthy. Therefore, first antipsychotics resulted which was available in the 1950s were generated to block receptors of dopamine in the brain (Prime Inc., 2012). The current medication known as typical antipsychotics was the first generation of antipsychotics. The requirement of typical antipsychotics’ adverse related more efficacious treatment resulted in the second generation of drugs which was announced in the early 1990s. Known as atypical antipsychotics and comprises risperidone, quetiapine, olanzapine, aripiprazole, and clozapine (Prime Inc., 2012). THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 6 Brown, Stoklosa and Freudenreich (2012), states that the process of treating acute psychosis symptoms can be broken down into (a) initial or triage clinical assessment; (b) initial psychiatric stabilization, involving agitation management and pharmacologic interventions; (c) diagnostic workup to assess psychiatric and medical conditions; (d) further psychiatric evaluation; and (e) determining safe disposition. Initial assessment at the clinic and triage are vital to selecting the immediate intervention that is appropriate (Brown et al., 2012). Upon arrival at the ER by the patient, the nurses determine if they require medical attention urgently. Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Standard initial screening comprises vital signs, medical history, signs of trauma, finger stick blood glucose, symptoms or signs of withdrawal, trauma, or intoxication, and inquiring a brief history from the patient that resulted in current presentation (Brown et al., 2012). Pharmacologic initial treatment goals are to calm the client without oversedation, therefore permitting the patient to participate in their care start the primary psychotic illness treatment. Studies state that an elevated number of medical doctors or primary care centers is associated with reduced ED visits (Flores-Mateo 2012). Utilizing community primary care doctors for coordination of care for the uninsured is reducing the use for the emergency department. There are changes in hospital admissions such as decrease and varying charges for hospitalization. Increasing primary care access hours reduces ED utilization. Studies indicate that the attendance rate in the ED increased by ten percent after the walk-in center’s installation. Flores-Mateo (2012) states that proving primary care by the same team can reduce the visits to the ED by basing studies on the location of the services and who prides care. research basing on educational inventions indicated that there is no difference in the utilization of ED. Absence of cost-sharing the result in a significant increase in ED use that cost-sharing with insurance. THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 7 Nitkin (2018) states that the number of clients requiring care in emergency psychiatric has been increasing while there is the scarcity of inpatient options of treatment. John Hopkins Health System’s hospitals are coping with the new reality proactively to avail this vulnerable population best care possible (Nitkin, 2018). They are staffing their areas of psychiatric emergency with clinicians that are specifically trained, who are familiar with assessing psychiatric characteristics and can avail medications for stabilizing. There is an increase in psychiatric patients’ visitation into hospitals of individuals who are agitated, violent, suicidal, and disconnected from reality for normal functioning.Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health These comprise of patients with substance use disorder, depression, dementia, autism, bipolar disorder, and schizophrenia (Nitkin, 2018). Emergency medicine is a specialty that is relatively new, dating from the 1960s and was official in 1979. From its initiation, clients with psychiatric conditions can visit their local emergency rooms for assistance. Research Method and Design The study utilizes a qualitative meta-synthesis approach that utilizes secondary data from studies conducted previously on the topic after research question identification and then looking for, choosing, summarizing, and combination of qualitative evidence from studies conducted before to respond to the question (Polit & Beck, 2012). Qualitative research in medical studies is proliferated. In a psychiatric aspect, the utilization of qualitative protocol has been recognized as a valuable technique of obtaining insight that otherwise would not be accessible by other approaches and to avail extensive data on how individuals act and interpret upon their symptoms of illness (Polit & Beck, 2012). The qualitative approach is almost that of the psychiatrist; what is essential is what the client experience and feels what is displayed during the psychiatrist and patient interaction. THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 8 Qualitative research provides a detailed description, one that includes all the complexity of the context, behavior, and all phenomenon’s complexity and attempts documentation of the multiplicity and complexity of its experience (Polit & Beck, 2012). Reasons for qualitative metasynthesis include the move toward the practice that is based on evidence and has been a positive impetus for aligning research synthesis and qualitative research efforts. Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Also, it permits a collective technique of viewing particular research within a discipline and findings integration into a form that is understandable and readily accessible. Data Collection Methods, Analysis, and Procedures Qualitative analysis comprises the utilization of procedures that are explanatory to gain insight and knowledge into the underlying opinions, motivations, and reasons (Polit & Beck, 2012). Analysis of the data collected from studies conducted previously will be done qualitatively to identify trends that are common and conclusions for change plan and policy recommendation. Qualitative research procedure I would take (Polit & Beck, 2012): • Review questions formulation. • Performing a literature search systematically. • Screening and choosing research articles that are appropriate. • Analysis and synthesis of qualitative findings. • Maintain quality control. • Presenting findings The researcher can select keys words such as schizophrenia and ER nurses, in this case, to guide in the literature exploration after formulation of review questions. Continues re-evaluating the definitions of the time frame or terms used for searching is essential (Polit & Beck, 2012). THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 9 Screening is conducted to determine if the review achieve the criteria for inclusion set before the commence of search (Polit & Beck, 2012). The process of screening can be done by creating an exclusion or inclusion form of criteria to determine whether or not each study include qualitative evidence from healthcare providers or patients for findings support such as (a) direct quotes from questionnaires or interviews, and (b) focused in spirituality and religion among African Americans. Results Viron et al., (2012) states that certain healthcare system, provider, and patient factors present an essential challenge when providing primary care to individuals with schizophrenia. Signs of the illness may distort the process of engagement with a clinic or provider.Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health Patients with paranoia may feel uncomfortable sitting in a room that is crowded or with a provider. Viron et al., (2012) propose the following assessment criteria (figure 2) for physical monitoring of schizophrenic patients: THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 10 Figure 2: Schizophrenia physical health monitoring According to Mahone, Maphis, and Snow (2016), transparent information sharing and clear communication are vital in establishing treatment choices and for clients to be supported in their personal goals. The nurses in the psychiatric setting play an important role. Through proficiency and knowledge in the utilization of tools for shared decision-making, they facilitate the incorporation of making decisions that are shared into the clinical practice to advance medication follow through. The selection of which drug to utilize in treating Schizophrenia depends on various aspects such as tolerability, availability, the technique of delivery, the burden of side-effect, cost, and effectiveness. Healthcare providers are encouraged to utilize their clinical judgment based on the characteristics of patients, needs, preferences, and overall health condition. THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 11 According to Brown, Stoklosa and Freudenreich (2012), states that it is essential to exclude displays that may worsen with treatment with antipsychotic, comprising phencyclidine (PCP) toxicity (could deteriorate dystonic reactions), neuroleptic malignant syndrome (NMS), anticholinergic delirium, or catatonia. Clients with schizophrenia represent a population that is vulnerable with a high medical requirement that are often undertreated or missed that can result in premature mortality. As frontline primary care providers, clinicians have the capacity to reduce the disparities in health that this population experiences. Given the cardiovascular disease and their risk factors is increasing in this population, schizophrenia’s continues primary care should focus on cardiovascular illness treatment and prevention. Comprehensive and thoughtful primary care for persons with schizophrenia can be vital in promoting engagement that is meaningful in healthcare and guiding the patients to live a fulfilling and healthy life. Conclusion Schizophrenia is a brain illness that interferes with the normal functioning of the brain. The individuals affected with the disease display odd and sometimes disorganized or irrational behavior. The symptoms of schizophrenia include difficulty in normal interaction with others, problem in thinking coherently, and difficulty inappropriate expression of emotions and carrying out responsibilities. The certain healthcare system, provider, and patient factors present an essential challenge when providing primary care to individuals with schizophrenia.Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health ER nurses’ practitioners have a responsibility to comprehend challenges and medical issues this population goes through to be a position to serve them effectively for an improvement in their quality of life that can be noticed. As identified earlier throughout the used bibliography and expected to be confirmed in this study, there is a requirement for gaining insight on the complexity of medical adherence and healthcare utilization in needed to advance care in the ED. Also, more research on THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 12 mental health clients care is required in the ED so as to improve the quality of healthcare for all patients generally. THE PERCEPTION OF ER NURSES IN PROVIDING CULTURALLY CONGRUENT CARE TO PATIENTS WITH SCHIZOPHRENIA 13 References Brown, H., Stoklosa, J., & Freudenreich, O. (2012). How to stabilize an acutely psychotic patient. Curr Psychiatry, 11(12), 10-16. Flores-Mateo, G., Violan-Fors, C., Carrillo-Santisteve, P., Peiró, S., & Argimon, J. M. (2012). Effectiveness of organizational interventions to reduce emergency department utilization: a systematic review. PloS one, 7(5), e35903. Mahone, I. H., Maphis, C. F., & Snow, D. E. (2016). Effective strategies for nurses empowering clients with schizophrenia: medication use as a tool in recovery. Issues in mental health nursing, 37(5), 372-379. Nitkin, K., (2018). The Changing Dynamics of Emergency Psychiatric Care. Retrieved from https://www.hopkinsmedicine.org/news/articles/the-changing-dynamics-of-emergencypsychiatric-care Polit, D., & Beck, C. (2012). Essentials of nursing research. Ethics, 23(2). Prime Inc. (2012). Improving Health Outcomes in Schizophrenia: The Nurse Practioner’s and Physician Assistant’s Perspectives. Retrieved from https://primeinc.org/casestudies/pa_np/study/997/Improving_Health_Outcomes_in_Schiz ophrenia:_The_Nurse_Practioners_and_Physician_Assistants_Perspectives Viron, M., Baggett, T., Hill, M., & Freudenreich, O. (2012). Schizophrenia for primary care providers: How to contribute to the care of a vulnerable patient population. The American journal of medicine, 125(3), 223-230. The perceptions of ER nurse practitioners on providing culturally congruent care to patients with schizophrenia Abstract The purpose of this research is to explore the perceptions of ER nurse practitioners on providing culturally congruent care to patients with schizophrenia.Assignment: Nurse practitioners and schizophrenia health The study takes a qualitative metasynthesis approach that uses secondary data from previous studies on the topic after identifying the research question and then searching for, selecting, summarizing, and combining qualitative evidence from previous studies to answer the research question. The results present the general medical and psychiatric problems faced by patients with schizophrenia and how nurse practitioners have worked with this vulnerable population to provide congruent care for them to achieve optimal health. This process has been broken down into triage, initial psychiatric stabilization, psychiatric diagnosis and evaluation, and lastly, the determination of safe disposition. Introduction According to the American Psychiatric Association (2017), schizophrenia is a brain disorder th … Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10