Assignment: Physician leadership

Assignment: Physician leadership ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Assignment: Physician leadership My presentation title is Physician leadership: developing an effective leader. Assignment: Physician leadership please follow the instruction below: This week, assigned Presenters should post a PowerPoint presentation with detailed notes section that contains the following: Incorporation and analysis of the Learning Resources from this 2-week unit, including identification of any apparent gaps in the literature An original research topic related to the week’s literature (the proposed research topic can be related to the general topic for the week or to gaps in the literature for the week, or it can be related to a specific reading for the week) Background information on the research topic, including identification of principal schools of thought, tendencies in the academic literature, or commonalities that define the academic scholarship regarding your topic Evaluation of the main concepts with a focus on their application to business/management practice and their impact on positive social change A minimum of 10 peer-reviewed, scholarly new references Note: The presentation must be in APA format and must incorporate direct evidence of addressing the Learning Objectives from this 2-week unit. Each of the content slides must include detailed notes/paragraphs with appropriate citation of peer-reviewed, scholarly references. Note: I’m attaching annotated bibliography for 5 articles, kindly use them and add 5 more to have a total of 10. I’m also attaching three articles provided by university to be used in addition to the required 10. Note: You need to use the power point template attached. Assignment: Physician leadership ahdb_09_020.pdf dines.pdf herd.pdf apa_presentation_template.ppt bibliography.docx INDUSTRY TRENDS Top Healthcare Market Trends in 2016 By John Santilli, MBA, and F. Randy Vogenberg, PhD, RPh Mr Santilli is Partner, Access Market Intelligence; Dr Vogenberg is Principal, Institute for Integrated Healthcare, and Partner, Access Market Intelligence, Greenville, SC. M any of the 2016 healthcare trends began between 2012 and 2014 and finally emerged more clearly in 2015 for commercially insured populations. Access Market Intelligence identified the 4 major emerging themes that represent the John Santilli top trends to watch in 2016 and into 2017, including macro issues in the United States, pricing pressures, narrow networks, and information technology. The top 10 US healthcare trends for 2016 are: 1. Global macro trends are washing ashore in the United States, as pricing pressures around the world and unanswered value gaps to differentiate new medicines add to the potential for healthcare system bankruptcy as it currently exists, because medical care inflation continues unchecked. Adding to the system pressure will be the implementation of physician payment reform and the Affordable Care Act (ACA)’s continued market changes that impact device and drug manufacturers. 2. The 2016 election season will remain front and center this year. Democratic frontrunner Hillary Clinton is likely to mutely paint the ACA as a symbol of success that only needs some fine-tuning. On the Republican side, House Speaker Paul Ryan recently announced that the first order of business this year will be putting a bill on the House floor that would repeal the ACA. This takes on increasing importance, because it is the first time that the US Senate has also voted for repeal. Republican Party candidates will fight to be heard on their plans to repeal and replace the ACA, but the eventual nominee will be asked: Replace it with what, exactly? And how is it going to make things better? 3. “Big” meets even bigger through the increased consolidation of providers, which the implementation of the ACA has put into high gear early in 2016. While regulators weigh the pros and cons of the proposed deals between Aetna and Humana and Anthem and 20 l American Health & Drug Benefits l Cigna, provider systems are joining forces and snapping up private practices. In retail pharmacy, Walgreens is currently poised to acquire Rite Aid, but will the Federal Trade Commission slow this down? Drug manufacturers have a different issue after a lot of F. Randy Vogenberg deal-making in 2015, because their drug company targets are reduced, which will make acquisitions more difficult in the 2016 marketplace. Overall, consolidation in the healthcare and pharmaceutical industries is likely to continue, because smaller companies will need to increase their negotiating power when competing with their new larger rivals. 4. Drug pricing and the growth of biologics will continue to dominate the pharmaceutical news in the coming year. Pharmaceutical manufacturers argue that they need to charge high prices to gain money to be used in the research and development of new drugs. Assignment: Physician leadership The growing percentage of healthcare funds spent on drugs could mean less money for other healthcare or nonhealthcare services. Market shareholders are developing plans to control the costs of drugs, while still ensuring that patients get the medications they need. The Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS) reimbursement reductions overall further exacerbate the pricing pressures on providers, hospitals, and health systems. There will be pushback, but the reaction to high drug prices will vary with the player and the turf being protected. Public and private players will talk and will take some action toward basing drug choices on the value delivered, but how will that value be measured? Adding to the struggle, 5000-fold increases in generic drug prices,1 along with 10-fold higher drug prices2 resulting from the increased number of biologic drugs will require manufacturers to rethink the business model or have others rethink it for them. One aspect may be that the entry point is no longer approved by the US Food and Drug Administration, but the cure rate reflects the success of several new hepatitis C treatments. www.AHDBonline.com February 2016 l Vol 9, No 1 INDUSTRY TRENDS The biologic drugs pipeline growth will emerge through 2020 as personalized treatments continue to drive biopharmaceutical innovation, just as Wall Street valuations and venture capital investments are being reconsidered as a result of real market challenges. Pharmaceutical manufacturing trends will include the continued development of flexible manufacturing of biologic drugs, closer partnerships between the pharmaceutical industry and regulators, resulting from the introduction of novel concepts and the need to foster the new and existing talents that are influencing biopharmaceutical trends to meet the drug availability demands. 5. Provider network decisions will increase in importance during 2016 as new rules are being developed for narrow networks. Because it is hard for consumers to choose a network without knowing what providers are in it, the rules are tightening up on health plans’ obligations to maintain accurate provider lists. Increasing healthcare costs continue to outpace inflation, creating greater incentives for insurers to offer plans with high deductibles and narrow networks. A question that needs to be answered is: What is the effect that the narrow networks have on access and quality? In response to concerns about the rise of narrow networks health plans, the National Association of Insurance Commissioners has proposed new regulations to ensure that the trend does not harm consumers’ access to affordable, quality care. CMS recently laid out new rules on this for Medicare Advantage plans in the federal marketplace. Complicating the issue, out-of-network bills will be a growing issue, because of the inability of health plans and out-of-network hospital specialty providers to agree on a proper fee; therefore, consumers end up being billed the balance. Neither Congress nor regulators are likely to act in a meaningful way in 2016. 6. Employers. Market trends collide, and employers have become concerned about their ability to continue to offer health benefits that will maintain a healthy, productive workforce. The implementation of the ACA has led many employers to more closely analyze the benefits offered to employees to determine whether it still is viable to offer health coverage, especially when employers are faced with uncertain insurance premiums. Assignment: Physician leadership At the same time, employers have been working hard to comply with the ACA and are cognizant of the expected excise tax. Two strategies that employers are considering include offering health plans with increasing employee cost-sharing, such as consumer-directed health plans, and offering employees a defined contribution to purchase their own coverage. 7. Specialty drugs. Employers are more willing to Vol 9, No 1 l February 2016 take aggressive steps to tackle the rising specialty drug costs head on. In the past 5 years, there has been a large increase in the number of employers focused on effective ways to manage the rising cost of specialty drugs. According to a report by Towers Watson, 53% of employers have added new coverage and utilization restrictions for specialty prescription drugs, including prior authorization or limiting quantities based on clinical evidence; another 32% of employers are expected to add restrictions by 2018.3 The National Employer Initiative on Biologics & Specialty Drugs Fourth Annual National Survey, from the Midwest Business Group on Health and the Institute for Integrated Healthcare/Access Market Intelli- Increasing healthcare costs continue to outpace inflation, creating greater incentives for insurers to offer plans with high deductibles and narrow networks. A question that needs to be answered is: What is the effect that the narrow networks have on access and quality? gence, which was conducted from December 2014 through February 2015, found that in 2015 there was a growing appetite to break the status quo in plan design to improve plan performance and a perceived lack of value in healthcare solutions, dealing with critical or chronic disease in drugs and clinical care.4 8. Education gaps continue across all stakeholders, including regulators, drug manufacturers, payers, patients, and employers as plan sponsors continue to face knowledge gaps regarding healthcare, along with the challenges facing each other, in a post-ACA marketplace. Stakeholders have realized that these education gaps exist and are developing products and programs to help consumer education take hold in 2016. Employers, insurers, and providers will allocate more resources to provide online and mobile device tools to help consumers understand their healthcare plans’ costs and benefits so that they know the cost of their treatment and can obtain the healthcare services that address their needs. 9. Value. There is an appetite for quality to grow as it relates to value, although the market does not view quality tools as a panacea. Few patients use the proprietary or nonproprietary quality and price transparency apps that health plans, pharmacy benefit managers, or other commercial plan sponsors provide. Are they not useful? Do people not care? Are health plans not to be trusted? Although we have seen an increase in the measuring www.AHDBonline.com l American Health & Drug Benefits l 21 INDUSTRY TRENDS and reporting of the performance of healthcare, patients have not been able to consistently interpret the data collected and how these data impact their healthcare decisions. 10. Data breaches. There is no end in sight for data breaches. The online mechanism for the Office of Civil Rights under the US Department of Health & Human 2016 will feature accelerated change along with increased governmental oversight and patient engagement in care decisions. Services publishes data breaches as reported to them, as is required by the Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health Act of 2009, to uncover problems. Last year’s data breach numbers are staggering. Assignment: Physician leadership According to the Office of Civil Rights, there were 253 healthcare data breaches that affected ?500 individuals, with a combined loss of more than 112 million healthcare records. The top 10 data breaches alone accounted for a little more than 111 million records that were lost, stolen, or inappropriately disclosed. The top 6 breaches affected at least 1 million individuals, and 4 of the 6 companies affected were Blue Cross Blue Shield entities.5 22 l American Health & Drug Benefits l Conclusion Overall, 2015 represented continued change, whereas 2016 will feature accelerated change along with increased governmental oversight and patient engagement in care decisions, in partnership with their providers and with their employer plans. Author Disclosure Statement Mr Santilli and Dr Vogenberg reported no conflicts of interest. n References 1. Braverman B. Why a 62-year-old drug now costs 5,000 percent more. Fiscal Times. September 21, 2015. www.thefiscaltimes.com/2015/09/21/Why-62Year-Old-Drug-Now-Costs-5000-Percent-More. Accessed January 11, 2016. 2. Koons C, Langreth R. Broken market for old drugs means price spikes are here to stay. Bloomberg Business. November 18, 2015. www.bloomberg.com/ news/articles/2015-11-18/the-law-of-pharma-pricing-physics-what-goes-upoften-stays-up. Accessed January 11, 2016. 3. Towers Watson; National Business Group on Health. Best Practices in Health Care Employer Survey. 2015. www.towerswatson.com/en/Insights/ICTypes/Survey-Research-Results/2015/11/full-report-2015-towers-watson-nbghbest-practices-in-health-care-employer-survey. Accessed January 11, 2016. 4. Midwest Business Group on Health, Institute for Integrated Healthcare. National Employer Initiative on Specialty Drug Management: highlights of 4th Annual Employer Survey results. 2015. http://higherlogicdownload.s3.ama zonaws.com/MBGH/c9a4b8b8-b657-428e-a894-77c3995af602/UploadedImag es/Media-MBGH%20Specialty%20Pharmacy%20060215%20(3).pdf. Accessed January 15, 2016. 5. US Department of Health & Human Services Office for Civil Rights. Breaches affecting 500 or more individuals. https://ocrportal.hhs.gov/ocr/ breach/breach_report.jsf. Accessed January 15, 2016. www.AHDBonline.com February 2016 l Vol 9, No 1 Denis and van Gestel BMC Health Services Research 2016, 16(Suppl 1):158 DOI 10.1186/s12913-016-1392-8 DEBATE Open Access Medical doctors in healthcare leadership: theoretical and practical challenges Jean-Louis Denis1* and Nicolette van Gestel2 Abstract Background: While healthcare systems vary in their structure and available resources, it is widely recognized that medical doctors play a key role in their adaptation and performance. In this article, we examine recent government and organizational policies in two different health systems that aim to develop clinical leadership among the medical profession. Clinical leadership refers to the engagement and guiding role of physicians in health system improvement. Three dimensions are defined to conduct our analysis of engaging medical doctors in healthcare leadership: the position and status of medical doctors within the system; the broader institutional context of governmental and organizational policies to engage medical doctors in clinical leadership roles; and the main factors that may facilitate or limit achievements. Assignment: Physician leadership Methods: Our aim in this study is exploratory. We selected two contrasting cases according to their level of institutional pluralism: one national health insurance system, Canada, and one etatist social insurance system, the Netherlands. We documented the institutional dynamics of medical doctors’ engagement and leadership through secondary sources, such as government websites, key policy reports, and scholarly literature on health policies in both countries. Results: Initiatives across Canadian provinces signal that the medical profession and governments search for alternatives to involve doctors in health system improvement beyond the limitations imposed by their fundamental social contract and formal labour relations. These initiatives suggest an emerging trend toward more joint collaboration between governments and medical associations. In the Dutch system, organizational and legal attempts for integration over the past decades do not yet fit well with the ideas and interests of medical doctors. The engagement of medical doctors requires additional initiatives that are closer to their professional values and interests and that depart from an overly focus on top down performance indicators and competition. Conclusions: Different institutional contexts have different policy experiences regarding the engagement and leadership of medical doctors but seem to face similar policy challenges. Achieving alignment between soft (trust, collaboration) and hard (financial incentives) levers may require facilitative conditions at the level of the health system, like clarity and stability of broad policy orientations and openness to local experimentation. Keywords: Medical engagement, Clinical leadership, Health system improvement Background While healthcare systems vary in their structure and available resources, it is widely recognized that medical doctors play a key role in the adaptation and performance of these systems [1, 2]. Physicians have a unique influence on the utilization of healthcare resources by prescribing treatments and drugs. They can play various formal and * Correspondence: [email protected] 1 École nationale d’administration publique (ENAP), Montreal, QC H2T 3E5, Canada Full list of author information is available at the end of the article informal roles that help creating a rich environment for improved practices and ultimately increase the performance of healthcare organizations [3, 4]. Studies on health system performance and clinical governance emphasize the importance of strong clinical leadership to drive improvement efforts and initiatives [5, 6]. Hospital performance is increasingly associated with medical specialists taking up tasks beyond direct patient care and develop their co-operation with executive boards [7, 8]. Leadership and engagement of other professionals are also crucial for © 2016 Denis and van Gestel. Open Access This article is distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The Creative Commons Public Domain Dedication waiver (http://creativecommons.org/publicdomain/zero/1.0/) applies to the data made available in this article, unless otherwise stated.Assignment: Physician leadership Denis and van Gestel BMC Health Services Research 2016, 16(Suppl 1):158 health system improvement; yet, the unique status and influence of the medical profession may require a specific focus of attention. In this article, we examine recent government and organizational policies that aim to develop, implement, sustain and scale-up clinical leadership among the medical profession. Clinical leadership refers to the engagement and guiding role of physicians in health system improvement. This role goes further than their involvement in formal leadership positions. It refers to an active role of doctors in activities for healthcare improvement that goes beyond their immediate clinical duties and responsibilities in delivering care to patients [9]. Spurgeon and colleagues (2008) suggested that these activities can include the participation of doctors in managing risks and quality; the evaluation of programs or technologies at organizational or system levels; the involvement in strategic committees that influence the development of the organization; or the involvement of physicians in executive roles [10]. Those roles and expectations regarding professionals and more specifically medical doctors have been designated as “professional-managerial hybrids” or clinical leaders [11, 12]. Clinical leadership thus incorporates a variety of roles and resources that help front-lines clinicians to introduce new ways of working and to redesign care for improvements [4]. It is expected that clinical leaders will influence their peers through their professional knowledge and skills in promoting improvement of care within the context of available resources. They will also collaborate with managers in developing organizational strategies that are aligned with quality improvement [13]. While studies have shown benefits in the development of clinical leadership where clinical expertise is combined with other capacities; the materialisation and broad-scale diffusion of clinical leadership for improvement within healthcare systems is not without challenges [2, 12]. Professional power may resist attempts by clinical leaders to reframe the context of work and the relationships between organizations and professions. The position of a professional elite that gains power and control over their peers in exchange of the protection of professional autonomy – the restratification thesis of Friedson (1984) – may be contested [14, 15]. Because of those potential challenges, governments and organizational policies search for strategies to mobilise a broader professional base to improve care such as collaborative quality improvement initiatives [16]. A large-scale development of clinical leaders for improvement within healthcare systems needs the support of institutional conditions, such as career perspectives and the development of skills and capacities to engage in mediating roles between organizatio … Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10

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