Accounting

What If NAFTA Goes Away? Case studies must be typed, single-spaced and 1-2 pages long (minimum of 700-800 words), not recapping the case history or repeating the material in the case. Answer the case study questions in the textbook (p. 137) one by one. Bullet points are acceptable as long as they are accompanied by a relevant explanation. Case Discussion Questions 1. Because the three NAFTA member countries had been trading for ages before NAFTA, what are the benefits of an FTA such as NAFTA? 2. ON ETHICS: Pick your role as (1) a consumer, (2) a manufacturing worker, or (3) a banker in one member country. What has NAFTA done to help or hurt you and your community? 3. Pick a firm from your state or country that is active in at least two (preferably three) member countries via trade and investment. How does it prepare for the scenario that NAFTA benefits are curtailed? Case study what If NAFTA Goes Away? In effect since 1994, the North American Free Trade Agreement (NAFTA) has no shortage of controversies. As Trump has assumed power, the criticisms against NAFTA, potentially culminating in its repeal, force us to entertain a previously unthinkable scenario: What happens if NAFTA goes away? The answer to this question obviously boils down to what NAFTA has brought to the United States. In two decades, trilateral merchandise trade among three member countries grew from $290 billion in 1993 to $1.1 trillion in 2016—a nearly fourfold increase. Approximately $3 billion goods and services cross the border every day—an astonishing $2 million every minute. US trade with Canada tripled and US trade with Mexico increased by five times—while US trade with the rest of the world grew 280%. Canada and Mexico are, respectively, the second and third largest exporters to the United States (China is the first). Canada and Mexico are, respectively, the first and second-largest importers of US goods. Mexico alone imports more US goods than China and absorbs more US imports than Britain, France, and Germany combined. Canada imports even more “Made in USA” goods. What about jobs? In brief, no “giant sucking sound” has been heard. Approximately 300,000 US jobs—an average of 15,000 per year—were lost due to NAFTA in its first two decades, but about 100,000 jobs were added. The net loss was small, as the US economy generated at least 25 million new jobs during the same period. In 2015, the Congressional Research Service acknowledged some worker and firm adjustment costs brought by NAFTA. But overall, it reported conclusively that “NAFTA did not cause the huge job losses feared by the critics.” At present some eight million US jobs depend on trade with Canada and another six million on trade with Mexico. Even for every job lost, the economy gains $450,000 in the form of higher productivity and lower consumer prices, which benefit all. But a hard count on jobs misses another subtle but important benefit. NAFTA has allowed US firms to preserve more US jobs because 40% of the value of US imports from Mexico and 25% from Canada is actually made in the USA—in comparison, only 10% of the value of US imports from China is made in the USA. In 1994, US imports from Mexico only contained 5% of the value made in the USA. Clearly NAFTA has facilitated seamless supply chain integration, with goods, components, and parts crossing the border multiple times to be eventually assembled in one member country. Without NAFTA, entire industries may be lost rather than just the labour-intensive portions. So what if NAFTA goes away? First, relax: not all the benefits discussed above will be lost. As an institutional framework, NAFTA merely represents some relatively new rules of the game that are man-made and artificial. Given their natural geographic proximity and historical links, the three North American neighbours had been trading for ages before 1994. Their tightly-knit economies cannot and will not immediately stop trading. In a hypothetical post-NAFTA era, these three economies will still gain by trading, but the gains will be smaller. Americans and Canadians can still enjoy plenty of yummy avocados from Mexico (the world’s top avocado producer), but they will have to cough up more money for their beloved guacamole. Second, if the Trump administration unilaterally imposes high import tariffs, Canada and Mexico will certainly respond in kind. Given the reality of NAFTA supply chain, a tariff is like erecting a wall in the middle of a factory. Hard-fought export market share in Canada and Mexico will shrink. Thousands of jobs in manufacturing, logistics, and other services will disappear. For example, the Center for Automotive Research estimated that a 35% tariff on vehicles imported from Mexico, which would contain 40% “Made in USA” parts, would result in the loss of 31,000 US jobs. Third, because both Canada and Mexico have free trade agreements (FTAs) with the EU, the US withdrawal from NAFTA will significantly help increase EU firms’ market share there. In other words, EU firms, propelled by their own FTAs with Canada and Mexico, will be delighted to take over the market share vacated by US firms. Beyond those from the EU, strong competitors from China, Japan, and Korea, despite having no help from FTAs, will be elbowing their way into Canada and Mexico. In other words, reducing the preferential treatments (especially low or zero tariffs) enjoyed by US firms under NAFTA will clip their wings in the competition for export markets in Canada and Mexico. Ironically, gutting NAFTA will help enhance the competitiveness of America’s global rivals. Finally, shutting down NAFTA does not bring back a large number of manufacturing jobs to the United States. The recent crises facing US manufacturing jobs, falling from 17 million to 11 million between 2000 and 2010, have little to do with NAFTA. Instead, competition with China and technological changes have largely contributed to such a decline. Therefore, blaming Mexico and dismantling a beneficial FTA does not solve the problems associated with manufacturing job losses. There is a widespread belief that Trump’s nasty rhetoric on NAFTA is just “talk.” Procedurally, Trump is required to seek congressional approval if he merely wants to renegotiate NAFTA. Congress is unlikely to support a policy to throw away so many benefits and to spark retaliatory trade sanctions in America’s top two export markets—with so little gains. While NAFTA is not a panacea and has its problems, dismantling it would be “lunacy,” according to Texas Monthly. In summary, NAFTA is unlikely to be gone completely. But renegotiation is certainly possible.

In prior weeks, you learned about finance and financial analysis. This week you will put it all together. Using the Walmart Case Study and your selected country, you will complete a comprehensive recommendation to Walmart executives either recommending or forgoing expansion into your selected country. In your paper, Summarize the culture and financial climate of the country and why it would be favorable or unfavorable for Walmart to expand in that region. Describe your country’s foreign exchange rates and how those rates could impact Walmart’s future financial performance. Be sure to address: interest rates, balance of payments, government policies, and other factors such as taxes and tariffs. Describe how Walmart needs to manage foreign exchange risk. Analyze any potential political risk and its impact to the financials. Propose how Walmart should fund this new expansion. The Walmart International Expansion Recommendation Final Paper Must be 10 to 12 double-spaced pages in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA Prior to beginning work on this assignment, Watch the Week 6 Final Paper video above with Dr. Kevin Kuznia, Academic Department Chair. Review the Walmart Case Study interactive below. Review the current financial statements of Walmart. Option 1: Yahoo! Finance (Links to an external site.) web page Enter the stock symbol of Walmart, Inc. (WMT) in the search bar Click on the “Financials” tab Option 2: EDGAR | Company Filings (Links to an external site.) database Enter “Walmart Inc.” in the search barStyle as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style (Links to an external site.) resource. Must include a separate title page with the following: Title of paper Student’s name Course name and number Instructor’s name Date submitted For further assistance with the formatting and the title page, refer to APA Formatting for Word 2013 (Links to an external site.). Must utilize academic voice. See the Academic Voice (Links to an external site.) resource for additional guidance. Must include an introduction and conclusion paragraph. Your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. as well as Writing a Thesis Statement Must use at least three scholarly, peer-reviewed, or credible sources in addition to the course text. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types. Must document any information used from sources in APA Style Must include a separate references page that is formatted according to APA Style

One of the primary duties of an accountant is to prepare written reports. Accountants today must be able to research, interpret, and communicate complex accounting subjects in an easy-to-understand manner. The subject of your research may be any auditing, financial reporting, or tax-related issue that you can research in the FASB Codification database. Your final paper should meet the following requirements: seven (7) page minimum length (including cover page and references page) body of the paper (content) must be a minimum of 5 pages, double spaced utilize and cite AT LEAST two outside sources (other than the course text) include citations using APA guidelines include a cover page and a bibliography page (not included in the content minimum) VeriCite score of 25% or fewer Submissions will be checked for authenticity using VeriCite. VeriCite generates a similarity score comparing your writing to online resources and the work of other students.

1.    Auditors and Regulatory Oversight The Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC) regulates public companies. The SEC has found that some of these companies have violated GAAP by using creative accounting practices to mislead investors and creditors regarding the health of their company. Use the Internet or Strayer Library to research a recent accounting scandal within the last five years where the SEC accused public companies of accounting irregularities. Write a 3–4 page paper in which you: 1.       Analyze the audit report that the CPA firm issued. Ascertain the legal liability to third parties who relied on financial statements under both common and federal securities laws. Justify your response. 2.       Speculate on which statement of generally acceptable auditing standards (GAAS) that the company violated in performing the audit. 3.       Compare the responsibility of both management and the auditor for financial reporting, and give your opinion as to which party should have the greater burden. Defend your position. 4.       Analyze the sanctions available under SOX and recommend the key action(s) that the PCAOB should take in order to hold management or the audit firm accountable for the accounting irregularities. Provide a rationale for your response. 5.       Use the Strayer Library to locate at least two (2) quality academic resources in this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and other similar websites do not qualify as academic resources. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: ·         This course requires use of new Strayer Writing Standards (SWS). The format is different than other Strayer University courses. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details. ·         Be typed, double spaced, using Times New Roman font (size 12), with one-inch margins on all sides; citations and references must follow SWS or school-specific format. Check with your professor for any additional instructions. ·         Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length. 2.       By submitting this paper, you agree: (1) that you are submitting your paper to be used and stored as part of the SafeAssign™ services in accordance with the Blackboard Privacy Policy; (2) that your institution may use your paper in accordance with your institution’s policies; and (3) that your use of SafeAssign will be without recourse against Blackboard Inc. and its affiliates.

include two-section  1/ methodology part ( and collect data from an annual report from public websites of /accounting firm ) 2/  analysis data

(The parts that are underlined are what you need to submit, but do not underline in your submission). There are three proposals before the final project, two research proposals and a case proposal. This is the case proposal. Unlike the research proposals which are unstructured in terms of content but not style, this is very structured. We will later jointly decide on whether you will complete your project on one of the two research proposals or on this case. I will ultimately decide. 1. Please read the attached case (Andiola et al, 2018). 2. Prepare a case proposal. Your proposal will be 600-1100 words as follows: Title (exact words): Proposal to work on “Sprandel, Inc.: Electronic Workpapers, Audit Documentation, and Closing Review Notes in the Audit of Accounts Receivable” by Andiola, Lambert, and Lynch, Issues in Accounting Education (2018) Submitted by (student name, two students can submit jointly) Summary of the case in your own words; integrate what you read to the knowledge you have gained so far in this course (no copying and pasting, 500 words) Is this case interesting to you? • If no, just say “no”. Your project will be a research paper. All you need to do in addition is to cite and reference the case (see below). Your maximum grade for this proposal will be B or 83%, assuming you do a good job in the summary above (you can still get an A+ in the course though). • If yes, provide an additional 500-word explanation why it is interesting. Ideally, you should cite other literature to support your comments. If you do so, please reference your citations below. The default grade if everything is correct is a B. To earn an A, I need to learn something new that I did not know before. • In either case, you do not need to answer any of the questions embedded in the case. This will come later if you do your project on the case. References – at a minimum, reference the case: Andiola, L., Lambert, T. and Lynch, E. (2018). Sprandel, Inc.: Electronic Workpapers, Audit Documentation, and Closing Review Notes in the Audit of Accounts Receivable. Issues in Accounting Education: May, Vol. 33, No. 2, pp. 43-55. A quality submission should have at least two additional references. When you cite the case in the body of the proposal, you should cite it as Andiola et al (2018).

Accounting/business subject related research paper on the well-known company Tootsie Roll. Specific instructions for paper is attached via PDF download. In the PDF file, all required questions that need to be answered within the essay are there. Please use MLA format for sources. 3 sources minimum are preferred as well as  preferred paper length is 5-7 pages.

20SP-AC231-44 – FED INC TAX LAW & PRACTICE I Writing Assginment Writing Assginment Assignment Content After a networking event, you were able to onboard a new client, Lori Jones. She was out of work due to pregnancy and was not required to file a tax return in 2018. In prior years, Lori, a homeowner and single nurse has claimed itemized deductions for mortgage interest and real estate taxes, charitable contributions and unreimbursed employee expenses. You’ve sent a copy of her 2019 tax return for review and Lori responds with an email, confused, because she did not see a Form Schedule A in her client copy. Unfortunately, she is not aware of the changes due to the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act. Please write a detailed email to Lori explaining the changes that were made under the Tax Cuts and Jobs Act and explain why the standard deduction was taken. Please keep in mind the taxpayer has no knowledge of the tax law so be sure to explain all terminology used.

-Use the Internet or Strayer Library to research a publicly traded company that received an unqualified audit report from external auditors and faced accusations of reporting false or misleading accounting information. -Discuss the departures from generally accepted accounting principles (GAAP) that you have researched, and give your opinion as to whether or not the Public Company Accounting Oversight Board (PCAOB) should levy sanctions against the CPA firm for issuing the unqualified report. -Identify the sanctions and section of the report the company should have modified to address departures from GAAP. Support your position. -Compare the code of professional conduct for CPAs to the code of professional conduct for accountants who are non-CPAs. -Determine the major ethical issues created by the mergers of public accounting firms with non-CPA firms that perform accounting services. Explain your rationale.

Davies, Paul J. (2020, July 2). How Wirecard Went From Tech Star to Bankrupt. The Wall Street Journal, https://www.wsj.com/articles/wirecard-bankruptcy-scandal-missing-$2billion-11593703379 1. Summarize Davies (2020) in about 100 of your own words (no copying and pasting) . Cite Davies (2020) at least once. 2. Who was the at-fault auditor of Wirecard? Explain in about 50 words. 3. Optional: Reference and attach PDF printouts of additional sources. Be sure to also cite these sources in the answers above. The reference should be in the same format as Davies (2020) above.