Business

Introduction to the world economyIn this session we discussed:1. Trade, capital flows and migration2. Trade-to-GDP ratio and its significance3. First wave of globalization and what factors are different today4. Trade and Economic growth

Develop your strategic goals (Weeks 6 and 7). You must include at least three goals on the list. The goals must address the following:Address issues such as globalization and how those issues might impact the strategic goals of the agency, organization, or community.Identify potential alliances:Identify opportunities for alliances with other agencies or organizations.State why the alliances are important.Develop strategies for implementing goals. You must have at identify at least two strategies for each identified goal. These goals must be specific, measurable, attainable, and realistic.Address issues of accountability.Describe how you w

Theory of comparative advantageIn this session we discussed:1. Absolute advantage2. Gains from Trade3. Comparative advantage4. Comparative vs Competitive advantage5. International Trade and Economic Restructuring

World Trade Organization (WTO)The World Trade Organization (WTO) was established in 1995, to provide a trade forum and to administer the world trade agreements approved at the end of negotiation rounds. Originally an ad hoc commission-style organization, since 1995 it has become one of the most important IGOs, despite being quite small, because of its importance in managing the world trading system. Currently, there are 159 nation members, which now include all major economies of the world, since the accession of China in 2001 and Russia in 2012. It is located in Geneva, Switzerland and is headed by Director-General Roberto Azevêdo.The WTO is driven by its member states, and all major decisions are made by members as a whole. Members are represented by government ministers, ambas – sadors, or delegates. The Secretariat of the WTO plays an integral function in terms of coordinating the activities of the member countries. The Secretariat is comprised of a staff of over 600, which includes experts in the areas of law, eco nomics, statistics, and communications. The Secretariat staff assist member nations in ensuring trade negotiations progress smoothly and that international trade rules are correctly applied and enforced. In particular, the WTO follows the Most-Favored Nation (MFN) clause, which requires all members to treat one another equally. In practice, this has several implications. First, countries cannot unilaterally retaliate against one another by raising tariffs. Since tariffs protect domestic industries and workers, and raise money for governments, this clause is important for preventing frequent tariff and quota adjustments. However, whatever the MFN rate or conditions are for various products and services, countries may reduce them further in trading bloc agreements, such as free trade agreements. Second, while broad exceptions may be negotiated, this requires consensus and an extensive amount of time. Third, because countries are often perceived to manipulate trade rules, countries often use organizational mechanisms to dispute the practices of other countries.The current round of negotiations is called the Doha Round, because the initial meeting was held in Doha, Qatar in 2001. While previous rounds increasingly focused on developed countries and issues surrounding services and intellectual property, the Doha Round was a result of developing countries expressing an interest in having more concessionary options. The Doha Round still has not been completed, because of disputes over protection of subsistence farmers in developing countries and the contention that agriculture in many developed countries is highly subsidized. A partial deal (called the Bali Package) was reached in the Ninth Ministerial Conference of the round in 2013. It provided highly concessionary terms towards agriculture in the least-developed countries, expanded assistance in meeting trade rules, and supplied a series of agreements to provide greater access to most developing countries, depending on their economic status. While the length of time taken to reach agreement had some critics wondering about the viability of the WTO, it is now hoped by WTO supporters that future negotiations will not be so contentious and long.Business and Global Governance 373

Our final exam, hereafter referred to as the Final Paper, consists of one essay written as a thoughtful response to one of the five prompts provided below. Your essay should draw from the materials provided on our class Canvass page (i.e., power points, videos, linked content), our lectures, and any other citable source.The following prompts are structured as statements that provide the substance and framework for your thoughtful investigation and exposition. Read and reflect carefully on the prompt you select. Each prompt makes a profound assertion about the current and evolving state of society and the role of business, capitalism, and Western economic, religious and philosophical thought.Your paper will be assessed on the basis of the following:1) Your understanding of the selected content, demonstrated by an analysis of the issues presented by the prompt and your ability to incorporate specific concepts, theories, thinkers and historical developments we have covered this semester, an2) Your thoughtful analysis of the implications of the issues presented for your own personal and professional future.Your essay must be no less than six (6) double-spaced pages. Please use the Modern Language Association (MLA) format.As a reminder, your Final Paper amounts to 40% of your overall grade.The essay is due to me via Turnitin on Canvas by 10:00 p.m. Thursday, May 20, 2021.Essay Prompt #1: InequalityWhat is happening with respect to the distribution of wealth and income in the United States since the 1970’s? What accounts for these changes? What are some of the implications and ramifications of these trends? What social, ethical, economic and/or philosophical issues are raised by this phenomenon? How will you choose to use this information as you move forward with your life?Essay Prompt #2: InequalityFrom Nick Hanauer’s TEDTalk “Beware Fellow Plutocrats, the Pitchforks are Coming”“Capitalism is the greatest social technology ever invented for creating prosperity in human societies, if it is well managed, but capitalism, because of the fundamental multiplicative dynamics of complex systems, tends towards, inexorably, inequality, concentration and collapse. The work of democracies is to maximize the inclusion of the many in order to create prosperity, not to enable the few to accumulate money.Government does create prosperity and growth, by creating the conditions that allow both entrepreneurs and their customers to thrive. Balancing the power of capitalists like me and workers isn’t bad for capitalism. It’s essential to it. Programs like a reasonable minimum wage, affordable healthcare, paid sick leave, and the progressive taxation necessary to pay for the important infrastructure necessary for the middle class like education, R and D, these are indispensable tools shrewd capitalists should embrace to drive growth, because no one benefits from it like us.….“Many economists would have you believe that their field is an objective science. I disagree, and I think that it is equally a tool that humans use to enforce and encode our social and moral preferences and prejudices about status and power, which is why plutocrats like me have always needed to find persuasive stories to tell everyone else about why our relative positions are morally righteous and good for everyone: like, we are indispensable, the job creators, and you are not; like, tax cuts for us create growth, but investments in you will balloon our debt and bankrupt our great country; that we matter; that you don’t. For thousands of years, these stories were called divine right.Today, we have trickle-down economics. How obviously, transparently self-serving all of this is. We plutocrats need to see that the United States of America made us, not the other way around; that a thriving middle class is the source of prosperity in capitalist economies, not a consequence of it. And we should never forget that even the best of us in the worst of circumstances are barefoot by the side of a dirt road sellingfruit.”What social, ethical, economic and/or philosophical issues are raised by the statements in this prompt? With which of these statements or assertions do you agree or disagree, and why? How will you choose to use this information as you move forward with your life?Essay Prompt #3: Future WorkFrom the Washington Post article: Coming Technology Will Likely Destroy Millions of Jobs“American manufacturing job losses to China and Mexico were a major theme of the presidential campaign, and President Trump has followed up on his promise to pressure manufacturers to keep jobs here rather than send them abroad. Already, he has jawboned automakers Ford, General Motors, Toyota and Fiat Chrysler and heating and cooling manufacturer Carrier into keeping and creating jobs in the United States.What he hasn’t yet addressed — but should — is the looming technology tsunami that will hit the U.S. job market over the next five to 15 years and likely destroy tens of millions of jobs due to automation by artificial intelligence, 3D manufacturing, advanced robotics and driverless vehicles — among other emerging technologies. The best research to date indicates that 47 percent of all U.S. jobs are likely to be replaced by technology over the next 10 to 15 years, more than 80 million in all, according to the Bank of England.Think back to the human misery in this country during the financial recession when unemployment hit 10 percent. Triple that. Or even quintuple it. We as a society and as individuals are not ready for anything like that. This upheaval has the potential of being as disruptive for us now as the Industrial Revolution was for our ancestors.

ASSIGNMENT INFOWatch the following videos and then respond to the questions below:a) Exclusive Interview with Apple CEO Tim Cook [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=hwQ3d9tcbBk]b) Tim Cook Unveils NEW iPhone 6 [https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=XkGFU0FSkho]c) Steve Jobs Introduces the New iPad [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1PpeSbDoeAE]d) Steve Jobs Introduces the first iPod [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kN0SVBCJqLs] e) Steve Jobs (Biographer) 60 Minutes [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1jqSK8Qv4ZY]f) Apple Ad 1984 – Release of the Macintosh [http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=R706isyDrqI]**After watching the videos, answer each of the questions posts**QUESTION #1What role did the late Steve Jobs play in leading and managing innovation at Apple?QUESTION #2How do you account for the success of Apple products, particulary the iPod, iPhones, and iPads? The early Macintosh?QUESTION #3Do you believe Tim Cook, the new CEO of Apple can carry on the legacy of Jobs? Explain using key concepts from the chapter.QUESTION #4What unique personality traits did Steve Jobs display? How did that influence his approach to innovation?

How exposed is the market to external shocks (e.g trade flows / NX) How exposed is the economy to internal shocks (eg. fluctuations in demand for money / regional shocks ) Specify the exchange rate regime and analyse the risks inherent in that exchange rate regime What type of policy interventions are likely given the country context – Monetary? / Fiscal?

The business issue has been correctly identified, with a competent and comprehensive explanation of key driving forces and considerations. Impact on company operations has been correctly identified. Thorough analysis of the issue is presented.The student correctly identified the issue(s), taking into account a variety of environmental and contextual drivers. Key case information has been identified and analyzed.The student correctly identified the case (issues), considering obvious environmental/contextual drivers. There is evidence of analysis, but it lacks depth.The student correctly identified the issue(s) but analysis was weak. An absence of context – the work is basically descriptive with little analysis.The student failed to correctly identify the issue(s); analysis was incorrect or too superficial to be of use; information was misinterpreted.Information gatheringThe student showed skill in gathering information and analyzing it for the purposes of filling the information gaps identified. Comprehensive and relevant.Relevant information gaps were identified and additional relevant information was found to fill them. At least two different types of sources were used. The student demonstrates coherent criteria for selecting information but needs greater depth.The student correctly identified at least one information gap and found relevant information, but which was limited in scope. Some evidence of sound criteria for selecting information but not consistent throughout. Needs expansion.An information gap was identified and the student found additional information to fill it. However, this was limited in scope. Weak criteria for the selection of necessary information.Information was taken at face value with no questioning of its relevance or value. Gaps in the information were not identified or were incorrect.Analysis and ConclusionsThe student evaluated, analyzed, synthesized all information provided to create a perceptive set of conclusions to support the decisions and solutions.The student evaluated, analyzed and synthesized to create a conclusion(s) which support decisions and solutions.The student reached conclusions, but they were limited and provided minimal direction for decision-making and solutions.The conclusion was reasonable but lacked depth and would not be a basis for suitable strategy development.The student formed a conclusion, but it was not reasonable. It was either unjustified, incorrect or unrelated to the case in hand.Solutions The student used problem solving techniques to make thoughtful, justified decisions about difficult and conflicting issues. A realistic solution was chosen which would provide maximum benefit to the company. Alternative solutions were explored and ruled out.The student used problem solving techniques to make appropriate decisions about complex issues. Relevant questions were asked and answered. A realistic solution was chosen. Alternatives were identified, explored and ruled out.The student used problem- solving techniques to make appropriate decisions about simpler issues. The solution has limited benefit but does show understanding of implications of the decision. Alternatives were mentioned but not explored.The student used problem solving techniques to make decisions about simpler issues but disregarded more complex issues. Implications of the decision were not considered. Alternatives were not offered.The student formed a conclusion, but it was not reasonable. It was either unjustified, incorrect or unrelated to the case in hand.

(a) Demonstrate an advanced ability to identify, assimilate, and review applications of, particular research techniques.(b) Identify various means of data collection that are feasible and can be ethically enacted.(c) Articulate and critically evaluate differences between alternative research methodologies.(d) Explain how research outcomes may be affected by the nature and application of particular research techniques.(e) Demonstrate an advanced ability to construct a robust methodology for addressing a research question.(f) Explain how the use of selected methodologies is relevant to a specific research proposal.Criteria for Assessment:

Resources are the people, place, and equipment, as well as money required to do all activities planned for. All activities in the activity list must be assigned some resources (Watts, 2014). Financial resources are essential for successful completion of this project. The executive leaders must approve budgetary allocations for construction materials, labor, and equipment. Schwalbe (2016) asserts that being the project sponsor’s responsibility, there is no doubt about the significance of financing to a project. Minus proper funding, a project will strive to acquire the right resources and will have difficulties finding the money required. In addition to financial resources, human resources are important for the project’s success from developmental stage to completion. According to the Project Management Institute (2017), project managers must identify and document project roles, responsibilities, as well as reporting relationships. They must also acquire project teams by assigning the required personnel to work on projects. ABC Retail Stores should also consider expertise from individuals with specialized knowledge on how to comply with applicable laws and government regulations.Other key resources necessary for project completion include construction materials, store room equipment, break room equipment, office equipment, and sales floor equipment. A resource calendar is another important resource for this project. It helps in identifying working days, shifts, weekends, and public holidays. It also helps in identifying the start and end of normal working hours. Project Management Institute (2017) posits that a resource calendar provides information on which resources are available during a given planned activity period. Such information is essential in estimating resource utilization. Moreover, resource calendars indicate when and the duration which identified teams as well as physical resources is available during a project.