Business

San Francisco State UniversityManaging Organization Development and ChangeMGMT 670Dr. Ebru IpekTesla Organizational Change|Spring 2021|Yuewen (Carol) Zeng, Zhijun (Amy) Liu,Raul Meneses, Ronakkumar Khalasi, Chris MatilszkiHistoryTesla Inc. (TSLA) is an American start-up driven by Silicon Valley. Tesla was named after Nikola Tesla, a highly successful inventor and scientist of his time. He has distinguished achievements in radio technology and electrical engineering of Serbian origin.Tesla was founded on July 1, 2003 by Martin Eberhard (former CEO of Tesla) and Marc Tarpenning (former Vice President of Research and Development) as a tribute to Nikola Tesla. Elon Musk invested $6.3 million in Tesla in 2004, but only on the condition that he become chairman and have final say on all matters.Tesla specializes in pure electric cars, not hybrids. The first automotive product, Roadster, was released in 2008 as a two-door sports car. In 2012, Tesla launched its second automotive product, the Model S, a four-door, all-electric luxury coupe. In 2015, the third car product was Model X, a luxury pure electric SUV. Tesla’s fourth car, the Model 3, was first unveiled in March 2016. Elon Musk unveiled the Model Y, a compact SUV developed by Tesla, in Los Angeles in March 2019.Organizational Chart:Organizational ChangeEmployee TreatmentIn the latter part of 2018 and 2019 Tesla was being reviewed for employee treatment and mishandling of harassment reports filed. This began to grow due to public outcry and the possibility for future lawsuits. The CEO Elon Musk stated in an email employees had to grow thicker skin, and Musk supporters felt restraint about changing their work culture. There was hesitation due to the vision and the daily operations, which may affect the way the company is run. The change in employee treatment can benefit Tesla by motivating their employees and feeling a part of the vision put in place for the company.The issues at Tesla that employees have are a mockery for being homosexual, needing improvement on workers health and safety, changing the workforce culture, and job security(Houser, 2018). Regarding safety, Musk said he would personally account to the seriousness of employees getting injured on the job. Musk was found to not follow through with this promise. He has been hiding some of the reported injuries from statements and releasing statements that he does not follow through (Wong,2018).In 2019, Tesla announced one of its biggest organizational changes that would reshape the process of car sales and leave thousands unemployed. Tesla moved to a primarily online based sales tactic where consumers would build their cars on a website and then pick up their newly built Tesla from a distribution center. Completely cutting out the sale department Tesla now increased its profit margins on every vehicle sold.

March 2021 | MGMT 332 | College of Business |worldwide.erau.eduAll rights are reserved. The material contained herein is the copyright property of Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University, Daytona Beach, Florida, 32114. No part of this material may be reproduced, stored in a retrieval system or transmitted in any form, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise without the prior written consent of the University.MGMT 332 Corporate Finance IModule 6: Return, Risk, and the Cost of CapitalProblem Set 6 – Return, Risk, and the Cost of Capital1. Argo Airlines is looking to buy Aerial Airlines. Your boss, the CFO, wants a quick and dirty valuation of Aerial. You choose to look at past transactions in the airline industry to get some numbers. You find the following from reported transactions for the average price paid:a. 17x the acquired firm’s earnings per share (EPS) b. 5.5x EBITDA c. 33.0% premium of share priceFor Aerial, you find out the following: a. EPS = $3.00 b. EBITDA = $755 million (debt value = $1,100 million) c. Stock Price = $41.25 (65 million shares outstanding)Using EPS, EBITDA, and premium over stock price, what should be Aerial’s prices per share? What is the average of the three?2. You have been asked to calculate the cost of equity for three firms – Eastern, Western, and Northern. You know the following:Firm Beta Cost of Debt Debt/AssetsEastern 1.80 3.3% 37% Western 1.45 3.8% 69% Northern 1.20 2.9% 40%You know the following:• 10-year Treasury yield = 1.10% • Market Premium = 5.5% • Average Tax Rate = 21%What are the expected returns on equity and WACCs for each of these firms?CONTINUES ON THE NEXT PAGEhttp://www.worldwide.erau.edu/Page 2 of 23. You have been asked to calculate the dividend discount model-based price per share for the three airlines shown above. You know the following for 2019:Firm Dividend Growth/yearEastern 3.05 3.1% Western 2.00 2.0% Northern 2.20 2.7%You already know their WACCs, so you can use them to present value the stream of dividends. Remember that the terminal value uses the perpetuity formula and that it automatically shows the value as of the beginning of the year when it is calculated!Module 6: Return, Risk, and the Cost of Capital

Benjamin Franklin once quoted, “By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail.” This week’s written assignment is designed to ensure you stay on track with your final project and have adequately researched your organization of choice and planned intervention. For this week, provide a set of references you have read in preparation for your final project.Each reference should include the following:APA formatted citation of the source as it will appear on your References pageA brief description of the sourceA short summary of its primary points or argumentsA brief explanation of how the source is relevant to your projectA minimum of 5 references is required for this assignment.

Journal of Economic Perspectives—Volume 25, Number 2—Spring 2011—Pages 133–156II n summer 2008, more than 100 college presidents and other higher education n summer 2008, more than 100 college presidents and other higher education offi cials signed the Amethyst Initiative, which calls for a reexamination of the offi cials signed the Amethyst Initiative, which calls for a reexamination of the minimum legal drinking age in the United States. The current age-21 limit in minimum legal drinking age in the United States. The current age-21 limit in the United States is higher than in Canada (18 or 19, depending on the province), the United States is higher than in Canada (18 or 19, depending on the province), Mexico (18), and most western European countries (typically 16 or 18). A central Mexico (18), and most western European countries (typically 16 or 18). A central argument of the Amethyst Initiative is that the U.S. minimum legal drinking age argument of the Amethyst Initiative is that the U.S. minimum legal drinking age policy results in more dangerous drinking than would occur if the legal drinking policy results in more dangerous drinking than would occur if the legal drinking age were lower. A companion organization called Choose Responsibility—led in age were lower. A companion organization called Choose Responsibility—led in part by Amethyst Initiative founder John McCardell, former Middlebury College part by Amethyst Initiative founder John McCardell, former Middlebury College president—explicitly proposes “a series of changes that will allow 18–20 year-olds president—explicitly proposes “a series of changes that will allow 18–20 year-olds to purchase, possess and consume alcoholic beverages” (see to purchase, possess and consume alcoholic beverages” (see ??http://www.choosehttp://www.choose responsibility.org/proposal/responsibility.org/proposal/??).).Fueled in part by the high-profi le national media attention garnered by the Fueled in part by the high-profi le national media attention garnered by the Amethyst Initiative and Choose Responsibility, activists and policymakers in several Amethyst Initiative and Choose Responsibility, activists and policymakers in several states, including Kentucky, Wisconsin, South Carolina, Missouri, South Dakota, states, including Kentucky, Wisconsin, South Carolina, Missouri, South Dakota, Minnesota, and Vermont, have put forth various legislative proposals to lower their Minnesota, and Vermont, have put forth various legislative proposals to lower their state’s drinking age from 21 to 18, though no state has adopted a lower minimum state’s drinking age from 21 to 18, though no state has adopted a lower minimum legal drinking age yet.legal drinking age yet.Does the age-21 drinking limit in the United States reduce alcohol consump-Does the age-21 drinking limit in the United States reduce alcohol consump- tion by young adults and its harms, or as the signatories of the Amethyst Initiative tion by young adults and its harms, or as the signatories of the Amethyst InitiativeThe Minimum Legal Drinking Age and Public Health? ? Christopher Carpenter is Associate Professor of Economics/Public Policy, Paul Merage School Christopher Carpenter is Associate Professor of Economics/Public Policy, Paul Merage School of Business, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California. Carlos Dobkin is Associate of Business, University of California at Irvine, Irvine, California. Carlos Dobkin is Associate Professor of Economics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California. Professor of Economics, University of California at Santa Cruz, Santa Cruz, California. Both authors are Research Associates, National Bureau of Economic Research, Cambridge, Both authors are Research Associates, National Bureau of Economic Research,

Belbin Team Roles (With Examples)What are the nine Belbin team roles?The nine Belbin team roles are descriptions of job duties that fall into three broad categories: thought-oriented roles, action-oriented roles and people-oriented roles. Understanding each role a team member can play may help you to work more efficiently as a team:1. The Monitor Evaluator (thought-oriented)2. The Specialist (thought-oriented)3. The Plant (thought-oriented)4. The Shaper (action-oriented)5. The Implementer (action-oriented)6. The Completer/Finisher (action-oriented)7. The Coordinator (people-oriented)8. The Team Worker (people-oriented)9. The Resource Investigator (people-oriented10. The Monitor Evaluator (thought-oriented)Monitor Evaluators make decisions based on facts and rational thinking as opposed to emotions and instincts. They are normally serious individuals who excel at critical thinking and strategic planning. If there is a challenge in a project, Monitor Evaluators will carefully consider all angles and possibilities and then devise an insightful solution. These individuals tend to be loners who prefer not to get involved in the lives of coworkers, which contributes to their objectivity.Monitor Evaluators work best when challenges arise that require advanced analytical ability and astute problem-solving. Because of their ability to consistently make effective decisions, these individuals often hold managerial positions.2. The Specialist (thought-oriented)The Specialist is a team member who is an expert in a specific field. Since they have in-depth knowledge in a narrow subject, they will usually only contribute when a task requires their area of expertise. Like Monitor Evaluators, Specialists tend to be loners, so being part of a team does not often come naturally to them.Specialists are invaluable assets, as they provide expert technical knowledge that few else can. Often, senior management will create proposals and projects based on the knowledge of these Specialists. Although Specialists find the idea of being in a team challenging, they become very engaging and helpful when it comes to their field of expertise and will likely have no issue in sharing their knowledge with junior members who want to learn.3. The Plant (thought-oriented)Plants are free-thinkers and creative people who produce original ideas and suggest innovative new ways of doing things. As is the case with the other two thought-oriented roles, Plants prefer to work alone. However, most teams and companies accept this, as the Plant’s creative thinking typically leads to innovative solutions and groundbreaking concepts.Although Plants may not fit into the traditional concept of how a team member should act, they are nevertheless invaluable to a team or organization. As the name suggests, Plants are the team members who bring about growth and progress.4. The Shaper (action-oriented)Shapers are extroverts who tend to push themselves and others to achieve results. They are dynamic and driven individuals who can motivate and inspire passion in team members. Despite any challenges that may come their way, Shapers remain positive and seem to thrive under pressure. They enjoy challenging norms to create unique goals and strategies. It is usually vital to have one Shaper to help the team progress in its mission.Because Shapers are born leaders who tend to get results, they quickly move upward in organizations. They are ideal management material, as they act decisively in crises and drive progress.5. The Implementer (action-oriented)Implementers are organizers who like to structure their environments and maintain order. Because they are practical people, implementers like to make concrete plans from abstract ideas. Implementers are highly disciplined and self-controlled individuals who can disregard their self-interest to focus on the needs of a team or an organization. Although Implementers normally prefer established ways of doing things, you can likely persuade them to change if you can prove that it would yield positive results.Implementers are usually the backbones of organizations since they implement workable strategies to ensure the team completes tasks quickly and effectively. These practical and diligent team members are the ones who ensure that goals become tangible successes.6. The Completer/Finisher (action-oriented)Completers, also called Finishers, are introverted individuals who perform quality assurance during key stages of a project. They are often perfectionists who have the ability to notice fine details, which enables them to scrutinize finished tasks or products for errors. Since these individuals strive for perfection, they tend to expect the same from those around them.Organizations need these individuals to ensure that teams produce high-quality work. Completers are especially valuable in work environments where precision and adherence to deadlines are essential.7. The Coordinator (people-oriented)Coordinators are mature individuals who have excellent interpersonal and communication skills. They are normally in management positions, but their management styles are very different from those of Shapers. Where Shapers manage through directives, Coordinators prefer a more democratic approach that includes open communication.Instead of focusing on the achievement of the organization’s goals, Coordinators tend to concentrate on helping team members accomplish their individual objectives. They are normally good at identifying talent in a team and utilizing it to achieve the group’s objectives. Coordinators are normally calm and trusting individuals who are adept at delegating work.Coordinators are necessary to ensure that the team utilizes each member’s strengths appropriately. As they tend to have broad perspectives, Coordinators can direct teams with diverse personalities and skills.8. The Team Worker (people-oriented)Team Workers are normally extroverts with mild and friendly dispositions. They tend to be good listeners and are adept at getting a team to function well together as a unit. If Team Workers notice that other team members are not coping with their workload, they are likely to step in and assist. These individuals are highly adaptable and versatile, which enables them to interact effectively with diverse people and cope with sudden changes.Team Workers are indispensable team members as they establish harmony within a team. They are adept at solving interpersonal issues within a team and also support members who may feel neglected. Because of this, Team Workers tend to be popular with colleagues and often rise to senior positions.9. The Resource Investigator (people-oriented)Resource Investigators are extroverts who have a talent for networking. They are positive and enthusiastic people who like to explore new opportunities and investigate new developments. Although they may not necessarily come up with new ideas themselves, they are skilled at picking up ideas from others.Because of their outgoing personalities, Resource Investigators are good at making new business contacts and carrying out subsequent negotiations. They are also talented at finding new ideas and opportunities and bringing these back to the team.

Organizational BehaviorModule 3 Assignment 1: Workplace Equity DilemmaGuidelines and Rubric Overview: This workplace dilemma activity provides an opportunity for you to assume a role in a type of situation you may encounter in your career. Facing difficult decisions and determining how to handle them is a soft skill that you will develop in this assignment. You will apply what you have learned in this module about trust, justice, and ethics to communicate a tough decision to a team, while considering the importance of managing the organizational environment. You will also explore how your personal management style or management preferences could influence the tough decision you are facing. You will discover in this assignment how critical it can be when making tough decisions to keep the remaining team motivated to maintain or even increase organizational commitment. Directions: First, consider the following scenario:John and Mary are full-time professors in the same medical school department of a large private university. As a private institution, neither the school nor the university makes the salaries and benefits of its faculty a matter of public record. Mary has pursued a long-term (14 years) career in the medical school, rising through the academic ranks, while being married to a successful businessman with whom she has raised three children. Her research and teaching contributions have been broad ranging and award winning. John has joined the medical school within the last three years and was recruited for his leading-edge contribution to a novel line of research on a new procedure. Mary thought he was probably attracted with a comprehensive compensation package, yet she had no details until an administrative assistant gave her some information about his salary and benefits a month ago. Mary learned that John’s base contract salary is 16% higher than hers ($250,000 versus $215,000), that he was awarded an incentive pay component for the commercialization of his new procedure, and that he was given an annual discretionary travel budget of $35,000 and a membership in an exclusive private club. Mary is in a quandary about what to do. Given pressures from the board of trustees to hold down costs associated with increasing tuition fees, Mary wonders how to close this $70,000 inequity gap.Then develop a two- to three-page paper that addresses the critical elements below and thoughtfully presents an approach for the department leadership that would facilitate more equity in the workplace of this medical school department while also addressing the motivation aspects of this dilemma.MGT 3332: Organizational BehaviorSpecifically, be sure to address the following in your written paper:1. Determine the equity issues in this medical school department situation using what you have learned about social exchange and equity theory. Specifically, be sure to address the following:a. Do the outcome differences here appear to be gender-based, age-based, performance-based, or marital status-based? b. Do you need more information? If so, what kind of additional information do you need? c. Assess how your personal preferences, management styles, and biases may have influenced your responses to the twoquestions above.2. Consider the strategies for the resolution of inequity as portrayed in this situation. Specifically, be sure to address the following: a. Which ones are feasible to pursue based on what you know? b. Which ones are not feasible? Why? c. What are the likely consequences of each strategy or course of action? d. Reflect on your personal management style. If you were Mary’s mentor, what would you advise Mary to do?

Requesting 200 words response to the following post using at least three substantive peer-reviewed scholarly journal articles (different than in the below post) to provide those substantive replies. You may utilize only the main article as a reference.Key Term and Why You Are Interested in ItI am interested in researching the key term Foreign Exchange Market (FX) for future professional plans to open an international franchise. I would need to understand the proper utilization of the daily conversion of currency and how it could affect my business (Satterlee, 2018).Living in Europe offered my family the opportunity to learn about many cultures, including the Foreign Exchange Market (FX). We had limited information about the intricacies involving the exchange rate before relocating overseas. My children were taught precisely when the conversion would happen and when we needed to prepare for the change down to the exact dollar (Satterlee, 2018).Explanation of the Key TermForeign Exchange Market (FX) is a standardized system set up to determine the trade of currency from one country to another (Satterlee, 2018). The FX can dictate what countries can buy and sell at any given time based on the supply and demand of the available currency (Satterlee, 2018).Many countries are willing to accept the U.S. dollar because of its high percentage in the FX. The United States provides dollars, Japan carries Yen, Britain has Pounds, and most European countries carry the Euro (Satterlee, 2018). International banks track the frequency of the FX and the fluctuation in the exchange rate, keeping knowledgeable information of multiple country variations (Satterlee, 2018).Major Article SummaryThe article, Foreign exchange markets with Last Look, discusses how political power controls the currency trades. When there are no incentives or debt, the Foreign Market Exchange (FX) rate could be higher for one country than those who do not owe (Cartea et al., 2019). The coronavirus put a halt on many things to include job existence for many people. The decrease in monetary use worldwide provokes the economy to crash on a higher level than anticipated (Satterlee,2018). Creating the stimulus checks encouraged spending to increase the financial market in the United States and the Foreign Exchange Market (FX). Exchanges can happen at any time throughout multiple countries simultaneously at different rates.The Foreign Exchange Market (FX) is a form of a world interest-bearing bank account (Satterlee,2018). The account holders have shares and are responsible for the transactions between countries (Cartea et al., 2019). There are times a country may want to postdate a check with minimal dollars in the bank, knowing it is not enough to clear the account. A government in debt will accept the advance payout hoping the exchange would be paid back over time (Cartea et al., 2019). If the stock market crashes, the exchange rate rises(Cartea et al., 2019).The Paycheck Protection Program (PPP) loans were formulated to incentivize small businesses to stimulate the economy by staying open. The funding would assist with paying employees, rent for facilities and utilities. The true purpose of inviting customers into their establishments to spend their stimulus checks would boost the financial market for the United States, relieving the country of liquidations (Cartea et al., 2019). They are promoting the proper sizing of the Foreign Exchange Market (FX). The cost of the currency will dictate the trade or loss (Satterlee,2018). The country heavily funded on the Foreign Exchange Market (FX) side will have an advantage over opposing countries’ trade rates (Cartea et al., 2019).Discussiona. The study of the Foreign Exchange Market (FX) would prove multinational corporations (MNC), Foreign subsidiaries, incentives and investments affect economic conditions in host countries (Song & Lee, 2017). My family traveled as often as feasibly possible while living overseas. We made it a point to visit McDonald’s in every country to compare their meals, cost, and customer service. It didn’t dawn on us that Mcdonald’s existed in those countries as an MNC (Song & Lee, 2017). The explanation of the dollar to euro versus the importance of the dollar to yuan. The differential rate between currencies and how they affect onshore and offshore markets (Wang, 2015). The deviation of the actual exchange rate and how the local interest rates differ from the world interest rates. True exchange rates are more costly for domestic countries(Catalán-Herrera, 2016). Export prices and volumes to changes in exchange rates. Higher-income countries request accurate exchange rates when receiving exported goods forcing countries to provide trade costs in their currency (Chen & Juvenal, 2016). This information is crucial for international entrepreneurs.b. The Foreign Exchange Market (FX) allows multicultural governments to control international financial trading and export goods (Satterlee, 2018). All cited work provided a distinct correlation of the cost of currency between countries based on economic stability and governmental control (Song & Lee, 2017). Most countries preferred we would pay in dollars in all of our travels, making more on the exchange rate (Wang, 2015). It is exciting for tourists to flaunt the currency from the country they visited. It is sometimes tricky to exchange currency once the vacation is over. Jamaica and London were two of the most complicated places we toured, which caused an issue with returning exchange to U.S. dollars (Catalán-Herrera, 2016). It is profitable for the host country but a loss in the FX for the United States (Chen & Juvenal, 2016). I understand how the Foreign Exchange Market (FX) affects the currency exchange rate and international exporting.

Summarize your key learnings in this class and how you plan to use this information in your future careers? Limit to 500 words maximum (double-spaced, 12 pt. font). A header page is not required. Format according to APA Style Guide, 7th ed. Per APA guidelines, include in-text citations and Reference page. Cite ALL sources. Source: Revel for Pevehouse, Jon C. W. and Goldstein, J. S. 2020. International Relations(12th Ed). Pearson, Boston, MA. Chapter 7, International Organizations, Law, and Human Rights, Chapter 8, International Trade, Chapter 9, Global Finance and Business, Chapter 10, Integration Theory, Chapter 11, Environment and Population, Chapter 12, The North-South Gap, Chapter 13, International Development.

Another important aspect of finding the best person to hire is pre-hire assessments. Read the following:Rhodes, J. (Oct. 26, 2016) Physical Skills Test for Paramedics Violated Title VII Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/legal-and-compliance/employment-law/pages/physical-skills-test-paramedics.aspxMaurer, R. (Aug. 24, 2017) EEOC: Strength Tests Risk Bias Against Women. Retrieved from https://www.shrm.org/resourcesandtools/hr-topics/talent-acquisition/pages/eeoc-strength-tests-risk-bias-against-women.aspxNow imagine you are an HR Professional for a large warehouse company. You have been asked to prepare a 2- to 3-page memo for your company’s hiring managers, explaining to them the employment law issues to consider in preparing pre-employment physical tests or assessments. Many of the warehouse jobs require physical skills of varying kinds, so pre-hiring physical tests are appropriate.In your memo, you should address the key legal concepts hiring managers should keep in mind when working with medical consultants to design pre-employment physical tests. Be sure to discuss disparate treatment, disparate impact, and how the EEOC might assess the test, among any other relevant issues. You should do your own additional research to make sure you are confident about the contents of your memo.Turn in this memo by the module due date. Paper length: 2-3 pages, not counting the cover and reference pages.

THE HUMANITIES IN MY LIFEIn three paragraphs of at least 5 sentences each, address the following 3 questions. You will reply to each question in a separate paragraph. Please make sure you proofread and use proper grammar/conventions of academic writing.Which of the six disciplines of the humanities did you most connect with and why? You are only discussing one discipline.How can you you apply what you’ve learned about that discipline to your everyday life and your college career?Think about the entire course, including the unit on Themes of the Humanities, how can you you apply this information/experience to your everyday life and your college career?You must start a thread before you can read and reply to other threads