Business

For the Module 4 SLP assignment, think about a significant organizational change that occurred in your workplace. Think carefully about the steps taken by management during the change process, and the organizational change processes and concepts that you read about in the background materials. Then write at least a 2 full-page page paper and include 2 scholarly sources from the required and optional reading list addressing the following:Describe the change that occurred in your workplace, and list the major steps or stages involved in this change.What stages were successful during this process, and which ones were problematic or handled poorly?Do a side-by-side comparison between the steps you listed in your answer to Question 1 and the steps used in Lewin’s three steps, Kotter’s eight steps, or the five-step approach of action research. What were the key similarities and differences between these models and the ones used in your organization?Based on your answers to Questions 2 and 3, do you think the change process would have gone better if management used Lewin’s three steps, Kotter’s eight steps, or the five-step approach of action research?A good place to start are the following two videos. These resources will introduce you to two of the change models covered in this module:Hartzell, S. (2014, April 27). Lewin, stage model of change unfreezing changing refreezing animatedpart5 [Video]. YouTube. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kerDFvln7hUHartzell, S. (2014, December 15). Explaining Kotter’s 8 step change model [Video]. YouTube. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YJ3EGdZ3_pUNext, read the following as it relates to the five phases of ActionResearch:Center for Education Innovation. (n.d.). Stages of an action research project. Retrieved fromhttp://cei.ust.hk/files/public/ar_intro_stages_of_an_action_research_project.pdfRead the following on Lewin’s change model in this short reading which also includes a supplementary video:Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2009). Chapter 3: Organizational Change. In Making sense of change management: A complete guide to the models, tools & techniques of organizational change (2nd ed.). [Books24x7 version]. Available from the Online Library. Look under Additional Library Resources > Skillsoft Books (BusinessPro and ITPro) and search for 31025.Finally, read up on Kotter’s model from the classic original article by Kotter himself:Kotter, J. P. (2007). Leading change: Why transformation efforts fail. Harvard Business Review, 85(1), 96-103. Available from the Online Library. Look under Additional Library Resources > Business Source Complete (EBSCO) and search the author and title.Optional ReadingAnson, J. H. (2011). Leaders are the critical element in the network: Applying the Kotter Change model in shaping future information systems. Army Communicator, 36(4), 20-27. Retrieved from https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/a559842.pdfHaneberg, L. (2005). Chapter 3: The action research approach to change. In Organization Development Basics. [Books24x7 version]. Available from the Online Library. Look under Additional Library Resources > Skillsoft Books (BusinessPro and ITPro) and search for 12180 haneberg.Schein, E. H. (2010). Chapter 17: A conceptual model for managed cultural change. In Organizational culture and leadership (4th ed.). [Books24x7 version]. Available from the Online Library. Look under Additional Library Resources > Skillsoft Books (BusinessPro and ITPro) and search for 36500.

Please watch the 2 videos: 1drv.ms/v/s!AiutcAHE3wYpgR5Un3d1NpvhFT5p?e=oPDFPb 1drv.ms/u/s!AiutcAHE3wYpgR-ZIDa57yjcF7k_?e=86e3g4 Tips from the tutor: Operating Profit is Profit Before Tax with any interest added back. The briefing note says there is no debt (so interest is zero). Therefore, Operating Profit and Profit Before Tax are the same at £ 60 million. The briefing note tells you that ROCE is 35%. ROCE% is calculated by dividing Operating Profit by the Capital Employed (CE) x 100. CE is shareholders’ equity and any long-term debt (debt in this case is zero). You can reverse engineer the ROCE calculation as you know the answer (35%) and the Operating profit (£ 60 million). By doing this you can calculate the Capital Employed in the current business. Try this and see what you get. Note the £ 440 million is the value of the shares on the stock market not the capital employed. The difference between the two is how much the market values the future prospects of the business. What might the value of the shares be after a successful expansion? Funding the Chinese expansion. You can assume that the business has the cash to expand without having to borrow it so the capital employed will stay the same as it is now. Or you borrow the £ 60 million. As CEO you can indicate a preferred route and advise / convince the board accordingly. Showing your analysis. You should look to do a small table showing the before and after financial picture. Perhaps three blocks of Current business – Chinese expansion – Total future business. If you decide to borrow money for the potential expansion, 5% pa is a reasonable interest charge. This will depress the profits by the annual interest costs, which it turn will bring down the ROCE%. Read the instructions and follow the marking rubric. Apply Academic theories/frameworks/tools with 15 academic references and be critical when writing. You need to give good recommendations based on your analysis

Write about friends vs colleagues in the workplace. the differences between them and the thin line between this relationship. only 2 references. thank you.

Discuss on CEO power topic. 1. How much power does CEO’s really possess? 2. What power CEO does not have (over board of chairman or corporate governance)?

After reading chapters 5 and 6 and Special Topic 5, write a 2-page paper describing the importance of competition in markets.  How does a lack of competition affect prices and output?  Describe what the role of government is in markets vis-a-vis firms in the market. Market Failure Whenever we consider the implications of scarcity and the imperfect market structures that exist in our society, what do we expect out of a market system?  What do we expect out of government?  Governments and the people running them are imperfect, so what is expected there?  Can markets achieve efficiency and equity at all times and for all people?  What role does government play when and if markets move away from full efficiency and equity?  These are some of the key questions empirically we ask and attempt to answer in economics.  In most situations, the more competitive markets are, the more efficient and equitable they will be.  As we learned in the previous section about price floors and price ceilings, efficiency losses in an economy can manifest when underproduction or overproduction occurs.  We can assert that economic efficiency is represented by marginal cost and marginal benefit being in equilibrium.  At a point on the marginal benefit curve above the equilibrium point, that is where underproduction would occur since marginal benefits outweigh marginal costs.  On the other hand, if the price is above equilibrium on the marginal cost curve, overproduction occurs.  Market Failure Because there are efficiency losses, collusion, and less than perfectly competitive markets, market failure occurs.  Underproduction produces benefit losses, while overproduction produces too much and costs in the opposite way.  The market power of firms in which a lack of competition gives firms the ability to manipulate supply and output to achieve the desired revenue price can lead to deadweight losses and negative externalities (costs to non-consenting individuals, firms, or countries).  While public goods, which consist of non-rival and non-excludable goods available to all in the public, can lead to inequity due to the free-rider effect of some individuals, firms, or countries exploiting the use of those goods for which they did not contribute the resources making the goods possible. Government Failure As a result of market failure, the government’s role tends to expand.  Inherent to the role of government is the protection of individuals in society.  That protection not only takes the form of military, police, fire, and other entities whose roles are to protect society from physical harm, but protection by the government is also overseeing markets to ensure market competition is highest, collusion is lowest, and equity and fairness occur through the market exchange process.  Government failure can ultimately occur if actions were taken by the government actually lead to misallocation of scarce resources or less market efficiency and equity.  In summary, markets seek equilibrium and will achieve greater efficiency and equity when competition increases and markets are close to or at perfectly competitive.  However, it is rare perfectly competitive market competition occurs.  Market failure does transpire when firms exercise market-power pricing and output, underproduction or overproduction is carried out, negative externalities are present, and when public goods lead to free-rider effects.  Pareto inefficiency (one person is made worse off when one person is made better off) transpires thereafter, encouraging more government intervention in markets and economies.  When government actions and/or policies lead to more market failure, then government failure ensues.   Market Failure Due to imperfect markets, consumers, governments, and scarcity, market failure is expected at times.  Market failure occurs when markets don’t achieve complete efficiency and equity.  What leads to a higher government failure rate?  Because the size of the federal government in particular has grown in size consistently since the Great Depression of the 1930s, the benefits sought after by individuals and firms from government has risen too.  There are differences in government systems and market systems, but there are many similarities too.  Just as market power and collusive actions in markets lead to market failure, so too do those kinds of actions lead to government failure. Markets and Government Systems When we compare and contrast markets and government systems, what are some of the differences and similarities?  ·         Competitive behavior is present in both market and public sectors ·         Scarcity imposes the aggregate consumption-payment link in both sectors ·         Private-sector action is based on voluntary choice; public sector is based on majority rule ·         When collective decisions are made legislatively, voters must choose among candidates who represent a bundle of positions on issues ·         Income and power are distributed differently in the two sectors ·         Self-interest is present in both government and market systems Gwartney, J., Stroup, R., Sobel, R., & Macpherson, D. (2013). Macroeconomics:  Private and public choice.  (15th ed.).  Mason, OH:  South-Western, Cengage Learning.   As we discussed in earlier lecture points, markets can improve in efficiency and equity when competition increases and gets closer to perfectly competitive, when collusion is reduced and/or eliminated, and when markets are in equilibrium between demand and supply (aggregate demand and aggregate supply).  Similarly, government systems can improve in efficiency and equity when voters’ interests are fully considered, spending and costs are allocated prudently, and when economic and political harmony occurs. To summarize, as competition decreases in markets, market efficiency, and equity fall; market failure increases.  When the size of the government expands and the processes within government systems fail voters and create more marginal costs than benefits, government failure increases.  Market capitalism is compromised ultimately when government failure rises due to the following: ·         Special interest ·         Interest groups ·         Uninformed voters ·         Logrolling ·         Shortsightedness effect ·         Rent-seeking ·         Widespread use of taxation, spending, and regulation ·         Public officials spending other people’s money Gwartney, J., Stroup, R., Sobel, R., & Macpherson, D. (2018).  Macroeconomics:  Private and public choice.  (16th ed.).  Mason, OH:  South-Western, Cengage Learning.

After facing some initial problems in obtaining an additional supply of organic blueberries, Stacy’s business continues to flourish. As it happens, however, Stacy’s commercial kitchen in the industrial park had a visit from a local Occupational Health and Safety Administration (OSHA) inspector who discovered a few problems in the kitchen. As a result, Stacy is facing a $4,500 fine for some inadequate wiring and for not having appropriate safety shields on her mixers. Stacy received a notice from the local OSHA office explaining that she could ask for reconsideration of her fine—she would have to request a meeting with a local administrator to make that request. Also, according to the letter, if the initial meeting with the OSHA administrator did not produce an outcome with which Stacy was satisfied, Stacy could even move on to request mediation before ultimately having a right to request an administrative hearing about the fine. Stacy didn’t want to pay the $4,500 fine and wanted to take advantage of the alternative dispute resolution mechanisms that the local OSHA office offered. Stacy has asked you to help her prepare a plan for the initial meeting and possibly the mediation. A neighbor in the industrial park who had been fined by OSHA in the past told Stacy that the administrator who handles the initial meeting usually doesn’t make much, if any, reduction in the fine, so Stacy believes she needs to prepare for mediation also. For this assignment, review the background materials on alternative dispute resolution (ADR). You may want to do your own additional research as well. Prepare a 2-page paper that consists of a plan of action for Stacy to follow at the initial meeting (which will be a negotiation) and for a likely mediation. Start your paper by explaining the basics of negotiations and mediations to Stacy. Then, suggest to Stacy how she should approach these meetings. What should her attitude be? What facts should she know? Which resolutions should she propose? Which resolutions should she be willing to accept?

Click the link above to submit your assignment. Assignment: Ethics in Accounting Due Week 9 and worth 170 points Effective financial reporting depends on sound ethical behavior. Financial scandals in accounting and the businesses world have resulted in legislation to ensure adequate disclosures and honesty and integrity in financial reporting. A sound economy is contingent on truthful and reliable financial reporting. Instructions: Read the following scenario. Answer the questions that follow. This will be a 2-3 page submission in a question and answer format (also in paragraph form). An introduction and conclusion is not required. Refer back to your textbook for guidance on how to think through the scenario. You have been recently hired as an assistant controller for XYZ Industries, a large, publically held manufacturing company. Your immediate supervisor is the controller who also reports directly to the VP of Finance. The controller has assigned you the task of preparing the year-end adjusting entries.  In the receivables area, you have prepared an aging accounts receivable and have applied historical percentages to the balances of each of the age categories.  The analysis indicates that an appropriate estimated balance for the allowance for uncollectible accounts is $180,000.  The existing balance in the allowance account prior to any adjusting entry is a $20,000 credit balance. After showing your analysis to the controller, he tells you to change the aging category of a large account from over 120 days to current status and to prepare a new invoice to the customer with a revised date that agrees with the new category.  This will change the required allowance for uncollectible accounts from $180,000 to $135,000. Tactfully, you ask the controller for an explanation for the change and he tells you “We need the extra income, the bottom line is too low.” Required: In a 2-3 page paper, discuss the following: Consider what you have learned relative to ethics and financial reporting. What is the rationale for the calculations/process used to estimate the $180,000 uncollectible allowance? How do you think the misstatement of funds will impact the income statement and balance sheet? What is the ethical dilemma you face? What are the ethical considerations? Consider your options and responsibilities as assistant controller. Identify the key internal and external stakeholders. What are the negative impacts that can happen if you do not follow the instructions of your supervisor? What are the potential consequences if you do comply with your supervisor’s instructions? Who will be negatively impacted? Additional Requirements: Use at least one (1) quality academic resource (in addition to your textbook) for this assignment. Note: Wikipedia and similar websites do not qualify as academic resources. You have access to Strayer University’s Online Library at https://research.strayer.edu and the iCampus University Library Research page at https://icampus.strayer.edu/library/research. Your assignment must follow these formatting requirements: Your paper should be double spaced (Arial or Times Roman 12 pt font) and follow general Strayer Writing Standards (SWS) as they relate to references and citations. Please take a moment to review the SWS documentation for details (more information and an example is included in the Strayer Writing Standards menu link located in your Blackboard). Include a cover page containing the title of the assignment, the student’s name, the professor’s name, the course title, and the date. The cover page and the reference page are not included in the required assignment page length.  Click here to view the grading rubric for this assignment.

In Lesson 6, a variety of Leadership Styles are reviewed (see excerpt below).  Review these styles and identify which one you feel you would like to embody as the owner/manager of a small business.  Why do you think this would be work best for you?  What are the pros and cons of this style? From Lesson 6:Effective entrepreneurial leaders can motivate and inspire.  They can create a community from a disparate group of strangers.  Success of the venture depends largely on whether leadership can develop a vision and convince internal stakeholders to adhere to this vision.  Employee buy-in is necessary and effective entrepreneurial managers can develop this by making sure every employee has a clear understanding of their role in the business.  The effect entrepreneurial leadership has on their employees can be significant, especially for a small business.  Effective leaders know this and employ various managerial styles to achieve the best effect on personnel.  The following six leadership styles were determined by a study of over 4,000 managers (Murray 2010).Visionary leaders motivate employees to work for a vision.Coaching leaders foster a relationship with employees based on trust.Affiliative leaders create harmony within the organization based on emotional bonds.Democratic leaders develop buy-in through participation.Pacesetting leaders set challenging goals and expect excellence.Commanding leaders demand immediate compliance.Murray, Alan. The Wall Street Journal Essential Guide to Management: Lasting Lessons from the Best Leadership Minds of Our Time. New York: Harper Business, 2010.

In Innovation as Usual: How to Help Your People Bring Great Ideas to Life (2013), Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg discuss the importance of establishing systems within organizations that promote not only the creativity that results in innovation, but also make it possible for employees to bring innovative ideas to fruition. Miller and Wedell-Wedellsborg argue that a leader’s primary job “is not to innovate; it is to become an innovation architect, creating a work environment that helps . . . people engage in the key innovation behaviors as part of their daily work” (page 4). Such a work environment must be reinforced by innovation architecture—the structures within an organization that support an innovation, from the brainstorming phase to final realization. The more well developed the architecture and the simpler the processes involved, the more likely employees are to be innovators. For this assignment, you will research the innovation architecture of at least three companies that are well-known for successfully supporting a culture of innovation. Write a 1,500-word paper that addresses the following: What particular elements of each organization’s culture, processes, and management systems and styles work well to support innovation? Why do you think these organizations have been able to capitalize on innovation and intrapreneurship while others have not? Based on what you have learned, what processes and systems might actually stifle innovation and intrapreneurship? Imagine yourself as an innovation architect. What structures or processes would you put in place to foster a culture of innovation within your own organization? Include in-text citations to at least four reputable secondary sources (such as trade journals, academic journals, and professional or industry websites) in your paper. Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.

Deliverables:  1- Outline 2- Draft 3- Final Report Question: Assess how strategies for skills development and lifelong learning may enable career development for you and your team colleagues. Request further instructions if interested.