Criminology

My proposal for my topic is the effectiveness of stop and frisk. Stop and frisk fails to promote justice and fair society because it creates a society where one group is lesser than another. The stop and frisk policy upholds racial profiling which is a kind of racism committed by the police. This policy is utterly unconstitutional and impinging on one’s civil right of freedom to movement and freedom to privacy. Is stop and frisk justifiable, is it justifiable in certain circumstances. It is assume that the stop and frisk promote racial profiling and guides to prejudice towards Blacks and Latinos.  Teacher: Your paper needs to focus on the effectiveness of the practice: does it reduce crime? Submit an annotated bibliography of at least five scholarly articles for your approved research paper topic. An annotated bibliography is an alphabetical list of sources. In addition to the bibliographic information, for each source you provide a paragraph-length annotation. Each annotation should identify the source’s topic, research question(s), argument, and major findings or conclusions. Annotations should also identify how the source will be useful for your project.  Please provide a link to the article. The bibliography should be in APA format. See posted materials for guidance on creating an annotated bibliography.

Mizrahi, Stephanie Lipson, Joshua Dressler, and George Thomas III. 2018. The Law of Criminal Investigations: A College Casebook. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing.Each discussion should be labeled by discussion number so please make that clear to tell by numbering the questions. Each discussion question should be around 100-175 words. Plagiarism free and I want the plagiarism report / turn it in report after assignment is completed.Discussion Question 1-1: Based on your readings this week, identify where you see the failures and successes in the criminal justice system. Based on what you have read, what do you think are the key requirements of a successful criminal justice system. Put another way, how do you define a “successful” criminal justice system. How do you think we are doing so far?Very nice posts by all in this thread! I post these remarks here simply for feedback — not to shut down the conversation. All posts made through December 17 still count.The failures identified in the cases of Brown and Powell are pretty obvious and, I think we can safely say, would not happen today. Most of you also pointed out the key success. The convictions were overturned; no one was actually executed. I know this seems like a pretty low bar by which to judge the success of a criminal justice system, but in the South of the 1930s it was huge. As noted in one of the Notes after Powell, citizens and officials both in Alabama were shocked at the public outrage the original convictions caused. Their reasoning: “We held a trial. They weren’t lynched.”A variety of criteria were listed as part of a successful criminal justice system — of the ideal we are striving for — including integrity, equality, fairness, and punishment that holds people accountable for their actions and provides for justice but also rehabilitates. The general view seems to be that while we have improved tremendously over the decades, very much still needs to be done. The basic foundations and structure of the system are sound — the implementation needs a lot of work.Many called for all defendants to be treated equally. Here lies one of the greatest tensions in the system between fairness and equality, both key values this country was founded on. Equality requires that all defendants accused of the same crime be treated the same and given the same sentence. Fairness requires that individual circumstances such as criminal history, age, mental capacity, intent, and others be taken into account in sentencing. This should be the function of judicial discretion, but abuse of that discretion led to mandatory minimums and other strict sentencing guidelines that reduced judges’ ability to take individual differences into account. Hence, the concerns raised by many of you about overly harsh sentences and a lack of any ability to equip those in prison to return to society. Some of that is a function of the fact that the prison system is simply overwhelmed by the sheer numbers it was never meant to deal with. As a result, we are starting to see a backlash against rigid sentencing schemes and a return of more discretion to frontline judges.Discussion Question 2-1: The now famous concurrence by Justice Harlan in Katz v. United States sets out the two-pronged test that has governed Fourth Amendment law ever since. What is that test? Think about the questions posed in Note 4 following Katz (pg. 90 of our text). As you progress through this course and you (hopefully) gain a better understanding of what the government can and cannot do under the Fourth Amendment, does your expectation of privacy change? Put another way, do criminal justice professionals have a different basis for their expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment than do lay citizens? Should they? What role, if any, do the cases of U.S. v. White and Smith v. Maryland play in your answer?Discussion Question 3-1: On page 209, our textbook briefly describes a case called Warden v. Hayden. In note 4 on page 218, our book discusses the case of Welsh v. Wisconsin. Briefly describe the difference between the two cases based on the information you are given. Do you agree with how the Court distinguished these two cases?Discussion Question 4-1: Review note 4 (page 342) following the seminal case of Terry v. Ohio. Which arguments — those of Amar or those of Sundby — do you agree with and why? Assuming that probable cause and the requirements of exigent circumstances obviated the need for McFadden to get a warrant (feel free to challenge that assumption if you wish), was the concept of “reasonable suspicion” needed and worth the uncertainty in the law it seems to have generated?Use this for this link for this question : Discussion Question 6-1: Compare the “questioning” in Rhode Island v. Innis and Brewer v. Williams. Briefly describe what happened in each case. If you were the judge in both cases, which of the incriminating statements would you allow to be used at trial (if either one) and why? Should the answer be different depending on whether the right to counsel is being invoked under the 5th Amendment or the 6th Amendment?Discussion Question 7-1: Do you think we have met the promise of cases like Powell v. Alabama and Gideon v. Wainright? In what ways? What is still left to do? Have your views on the successes and failures of the criminal justice system changed in any way from the beginning of the semester? Why or why not? Support your answer. (For this question, you may want to pay particular attention to the notes and readings after the cases as well as the cases themselves).

How did the Roman and Byzantine worlds influence African art?

How would you compare the peace settlement after World War II with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919? Do you think the settlement signed at Potsdam was better or worse than its predecessor?

Text to use: Mizrahi, Stephanie Lipson, Joshua Dressler, and George Thomas III. 2018. The Law of Criminal Investigations: A College Casebook. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing. Each discussion should be labeled by discussion number so please make that clear to tell by numbering the questions. Each discussion question should be around 100-175 words. Plagiarism free and I want the plagiarism report / turn it in report after assignment is completed.  Discussion Question 1-1: Based on your readings this week, identify where you see the failures and successes in the criminal justice system. Based on what you have read, what do you think are the key requirements of a successful criminal justice system. Put another way, how do you define a “successful” criminal justice system. How do you think we are doing so far? Very nice posts by all in this thread! I post these remarks here simply for feedback — not to shut down the conversation. All posts made through December 17 still count. The failures identified in the cases of Brown and Powell are pretty obvious and, I think we can safely say, would not happen today. Most of you also pointed out the key success. The convictions were overturned; no one was actually executed. I know this seems like a pretty low bar by which to judge the success of a criminal justice system, but in the South of the 1930s it was huge. As noted in one of the Notes after Powell, citizens and officials both in Alabama were shocked at the public outrage the original convictions caused. Their reasoning: “We held a trial. They weren’t lynched.” A variety of criteria were listed as part of a successful criminal justice system — of the ideal we are striving for — including integrity, equality, fairness, and punishment that holds people accountable for their actions and provides for justice but also rehabilitates. The general view seems to be that while we have improved tremendously over the decades, very much still needs to be done. The basic foundations and structure of the system are sound — the implementation needs a lot of work. Many called for all defendants to be treated equally. Here lies one of the greatest tensions in the system between fairness and equality, both key values this country was founded on. Equality requires that all defendants accused of the same crime be treated the same and given the same sentence. Fairness requires that individual circumstances such as criminal history, age, mental capacity, intent, and others be taken into account in sentencing. This should be the function of judicial discretion, but abuse of that discretion led to mandatory minimums and other strict sentencing guidelines that reduced judges’ ability to take individual differences into account. Hence, the concerns raised by many of you about overly harsh sentences and a lack of any ability to equip those in prison to return to society. Some of that is a function of the fact that the prison system is simply overwhelmed by the sheer numbers it was never meant to deal with. As a result, we are starting to see a backlash against rigid sentencing schemes and a return of more discretion to frontline judges. Discussion Question 2-1: The now famous concurrence by Justice Harlan in Katz v. United States sets out the two-pronged test that has governed Fourth Amendment law ever since. What is that test? Think about the questions posed in Note 4 following Katz (pg. 90 of our text). As you progress through this course and you (hopefully) gain a better understanding of what the government can and cannot do under the Fourth Amendment, does your expectation of privacy change? Put another way, do criminal justice professionals have a different basis for their expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment than do lay citizens? Should they? What role, if any, do the cases of U.S. v. White and Smith v. Maryland play in your answer? Discussion Question 3-1: On page 209, our textbook briefly describes a case called Warden v. Hayden. In note 4 on page 218, our book discusses the case of Welsh v. Wisconsin. Briefly describe the difference between the two cases based on the information you are given. Do you agree with how the Court distinguished these two cases? Discussion Question 4-1: Review note 4 (page 342) following the seminal case of Terry v. Ohio. Which arguments — those of Amar or those of Sundby — do you agree with and why? Assuming that probable cause and the requirements of exigent circumstances obviated the need for McFadden to get a warrant (feel free to challenge that assumption if you wish), was the concept of “reasonable suspicion” needed and worth the uncertainty in the law it seems to have generated? Use this for this link for this question : 

Read and study the ACA Code of Ethics and Standards of Practice and the ethical code that is most relevant for your career and the ethical code for your certification or license. List the codes chosen and cite how they are relevant to your career choice. 5 Page Review. Give an overview of ACA Code of Ethics for group counselling Discuss the ethical implications of group counselling Discuss the rights of group members Discuss the psychological risks of groups Discuss the group leader’s values. Cite your sources using APA style and include references at the end.

First, read the following information about how legitimate business ownership may be used for money-laundering methods. Dirty money can be added to the cash revenues of a legitimate business enterprise, particularly those that are already cash-intensive, such as restaurants, bars, and rental stores. The extra money is simply added to the till. The cost of this laundering method is the tax paid on the income. With companies whose transactions are better documented, invoices can be manipulated to simulate legitimacy. A used car dealership, for example, may offer a customer a discount for paying cash and then report the original sale price on the invoice, thus explaining the existence of the extra illicit cash. A slightly more sophisticated scheme may allow a criminal to profit twice in setting up a publicly traded front company with a legitimate commercial purpose—first from the laundered funds commingled with those generated by the business, and second by selling shares in this company to unwitting investors. Then, compose an essay that analyzes the following issue. What legitimate criminal justice procedures may be used to interrupt the money-laundering methods described herein? In your answer, be sure to describe how organized crime entities use legitimate businesses as financial fronts. Also, analyze and argue your proposed procedures addressing both the positive and negative consequences of their implementation. Your essay must be at least two pages in length not counting the title and reference page, and it should use at least two academic sources, You should include an introduction and conclusion sections. Adhere to APA Style when constructing this assignment, including in-text citations and references for all sources that are used. Please note that no abstract is needed.

How do the media representations of crime make certain individuals or groups feel they are more vulnerable to crime than they are in reality? What impact did the media have on the OJ Simpson case? Look at the historical context of the case and other cases that impacted public opinion at the time.  What other case influenced the OJ Simpson outcome? For more information on OJ Simpson read this:  https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/O._J._Simpson

Substance-abuse problems not only affect the user but also his or her family and relationships. Write a report that addresses the effects of substance abuse on the family and relationships of the user, covering the following issues. Discuss the impact that substance abuse can have on the dynamics and functioning of a family. What is codependence, and how might it relate to the family or relationship dynamics affected by substance abuse? Is there an association between substance abuse and family violence?  Explain the ways that family issues may need to be addressed in providing substance-abuse treatment. Use the Internet and Library databases in your research. Be sure to cite all references. If you use sources to support your discussion, please cite your sources.

Human Behavior in Criminal Justice CCJ-1191, Reference #21214 Fall 2020 Final This final must be typed, double spaced with Times New Roman 12-point font. Do not plagiarize and provide detailed answers that are in your own words, use in text citations to back up your answers, appropriate references. Chapter 1 1. Briefly explain the difference between psychological criminology and sociological criminology. How do these differ from a psychiatric approach to the study of criminal behavior? 2. Identify and provide one example of each of the three predominant methods of measuring crime. Chapter 2 3. Compare and contrast the cumulative risk and developmental cascade model. 4. What is the attachment theory and how might it relate to juvenile delinquency and adult criminal behavior?  Chapter 3 5. What is meant by the term “shared environment” and why is it important in genetic research on crime? 6. Explain how temperament plays a role in the development of antisocial behavior? Chapter 4 7. Describe the process of operant conditioning and give an example of how criminal behavior is acquired. 8. Compare and contrast the behaviorism promoted by B.F. Skinner with modern behaviorism promoted by Bandura.  Chapter 5 9. What physiological factors have been associated with aggression? 10. Define hostile attribution bias and discuss how it might explain chronic aggression in young children Chapter 6 11. What are status offenses? What has research found relating to gender differences in these offenses? 12. Describe Gerald Patterson’s coercion developmental model. Chapter 7 13. Describe the three and four-factor models of psychopathy. 14. Name and describe briefly any five instruments used to measure psychopathy.  Chapter 8 15. Define and fully evaluate any three of the unique defenses discussed in this chapter. 16.  Identify and include symptoms of the four diagnostic categories most relevant to criminal behavior.  Chapter 8 17. Define and fully evaluate any three of the unique defenses discussed in this chapter. 18.  Identify and include symptoms of the four diagnostic categories most relevant to criminal behavior.  Chapter 9 What is the availability heuristic?      How might it account for our perception of violence? Discuss in detail IPV among any two populations What is the cycle of violence hypothesis? Chapter 10 Identify and discuss in detail the five-category typology based on the motivation for mass killings by Fox and Levin. List and define the types of multiple murder and provide an illustration of each. Define investigative psychology Chapter 11 7. Define the following concepts and explain in detail the role they may play in an individual becoming a terrorist: a0moral justification; b) cognitive restricting; c) advantageous comparison; d) dehumanization; e) deindividuation. 8. Describe in detail the main characteristics of the lone wolf terrorist. 9. How are terrorist groups classified? Chapter 12 10. Describe in detail the difference between rape and sexual assault?  11. Define and provide in detail examples of rape myths. 12. How do RNR principles apply in the treatment of sex offenders? Chapter 13 13. Describe in detail the difference between pedophilia and child sex offending? 14. Outline child molestation typologies of the MTC and the Groth system. Which one is better supported by the research literature?  15. Discuss the findings on juvenile sex offenders News Question 16. What 3 newsworthy events were broadcasted from Monday, 12/7/2020 through Wednesday, 12/9/2020. Please list them and describe them in detail.  For more information on read this: