Criminology

Mizrahi, Stephanie Lipson, Joshua Dressler, and George Thomas III. 2018. The Law of Criminal Investigations: A College Casebook. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing.Each discussion should be labeled by discussion number so please make that clear to tell by numbering the questions. Each discussion question should be around 100-175 words. Plagiarism free and I want the plagiarism report / turn it in report after assignment is completed.Discussion Question 1-1: Based on your readings this week, identify where you see the failures and successes in the criminal justice system. Based on what you have read, what do you think are the key requirements of a successful criminal justice system. Put another way, how do you define a “successful” criminal justice system. How do you think we are doing so far?Very nice posts by all in this thread! I post these remarks here simply for feedback — not to shut down the conversation. All posts made through December 17 still count.The failures identified in the cases of Brown and Powell are pretty obvious and, I think we can safely say, would not happen today. Most of you also pointed out the key success. The convictions were overturned; no one was actually executed. I know this seems like a pretty low bar by which to judge the success of a criminal justice system, but in the South of the 1930s it was huge. As noted in one of the Notes after Powell, citizens and officials both in Alabama were shocked at the public outrage the original convictions caused. Their reasoning: “We held a trial. They weren’t lynched.”A variety of criteria were listed as part of a successful criminal justice system — of the ideal we are striving for — including integrity, equality, fairness, and punishment that holds people accountable for their actions and provides for justice but also rehabilitates. The general view seems to be that while we have improved tremendously over the decades, very much still needs to be done. The basic foundations and structure of the system are sound — the implementation needs a lot of work.Many called for all defendants to be treated equally. Here lies one of the greatest tensions in the system between fairness and equality, both key values this country was founded on. Equality requires that all defendants accused of the same crime be treated the same and given the same sentence. Fairness requires that individual circumstances such as criminal history, age, mental capacity, intent, and others be taken into account in sentencing. This should be the function of judicial discretion, but abuse of that discretion led to mandatory minimums and other strict sentencing guidelines that reduced judges’ ability to take individual differences into account. Hence, the concerns raised by many of you about overly harsh sentences and a lack of any ability to equip those in prison to return to society. Some of that is a function of the fact that the prison system is simply overwhelmed by the sheer numbers it was never meant to deal with. As a result, we are starting to see a backlash against rigid sentencing schemes and a return of more discretion to frontline judges.Discussion Question 2-1: The now famous concurrence by Justice Harlan in Katz v. United States sets out the two-pronged test that has governed Fourth Amendment law ever since. What is that test? Think about the questions posed in Note 4 following Katz (pg. 90 of our text). As you progress through this course and you (hopefully) gain a better understanding of what the government can and cannot do under the Fourth Amendment, does your expectation of privacy change? Put another way, do criminal justice professionals have a different basis for their expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment than do lay citizens? Should they? What role, if any, do the cases of U.S. v. White and Smith v. Maryland play in your answer?Discussion Question 3-1: On page 209, our textbook briefly describes a case called Warden v. Hayden. In note 4 on page 218, our book discusses the case of Welsh v. Wisconsin. Briefly describe the difference between the two cases based on the information you are given. Do you agree with how the Court distinguished these two cases?Discussion Question 4-1: Review note 4 (page 342) following the seminal case of Terry v. Ohio. Which arguments — those of Amar or those of Sundby — do you agree with and why? Assuming that probable cause and the requirements of exigent circumstances obviated the need for McFadden to get a warrant (feel free to challenge that assumption if you wish), was the concept of “reasonable suspicion” needed and worth the uncertainty in the law it seems to have generated?Use this for this link for this question : Discussion Question 6-1: Compare the “questioning” in Rhode Island v. Innis and Brewer v. Williams. Briefly describe what happened in each case. If you were the judge in both cases, which of the incriminating statements would you allow to be used at trial (if either one) and why? Should the answer be different depending on whether the right to counsel is being invoked under the 5th Amendment or the 6th Amendment?Discussion Question 7-1: Do you think we have met the promise of cases like Powell v. Alabama and Gideon v. Wainright? In what ways? What is still left to do? Have your views on the successes and failures of the criminal justice system changed in any way from the beginning of the semester? Why or why not? Support your answer. (For this question, you may want to pay particular attention to the notes and readings after the cases as well as the cases themselves).

Text to use: Mizrahi, Stephanie Lipson, Joshua Dressler, and George Thomas III. 2018. The Law of Criminal Investigations: A College Casebook. St. Paul, MN: West Academic Publishing. Each discussion should be labeled by discussion number so please make that clear to tell by numbering the questions. Each discussion question should be around 100-175 words. Plagiarism free and I want the plagiarism report / turn it in report after assignment is completed.  Discussion Question 1-1: Based on your readings this week, identify where you see the failures and successes in the criminal justice system. Based on what you have read, what do you think are the key requirements of a successful criminal justice system. Put another way, how do you define a “successful” criminal justice system. How do you think we are doing so far? Very nice posts by all in this thread! I post these remarks here simply for feedback — not to shut down the conversation. All posts made through December 17 still count. The failures identified in the cases of Brown and Powell are pretty obvious and, I think we can safely say, would not happen today. Most of you also pointed out the key success. The convictions were overturned; no one was actually executed. I know this seems like a pretty low bar by which to judge the success of a criminal justice system, but in the South of the 1930s it was huge. As noted in one of the Notes after Powell, citizens and officials both in Alabama were shocked at the public outrage the original convictions caused. Their reasoning: “We held a trial. They weren’t lynched.” A variety of criteria were listed as part of a successful criminal justice system — of the ideal we are striving for — including integrity, equality, fairness, and punishment that holds people accountable for their actions and provides for justice but also rehabilitates. The general view seems to be that while we have improved tremendously over the decades, very much still needs to be done. The basic foundations and structure of the system are sound — the implementation needs a lot of work. Many called for all defendants to be treated equally. Here lies one of the greatest tensions in the system between fairness and equality, both key values this country was founded on. Equality requires that all defendants accused of the same crime be treated the same and given the same sentence. Fairness requires that individual circumstances such as criminal history, age, mental capacity, intent, and others be taken into account in sentencing. This should be the function of judicial discretion, but abuse of that discretion led to mandatory minimums and other strict sentencing guidelines that reduced judges’ ability to take individual differences into account. Hence, the concerns raised by many of you about overly harsh sentences and a lack of any ability to equip those in prison to return to society. Some of that is a function of the fact that the prison system is simply overwhelmed by the sheer numbers it was never meant to deal with. As a result, we are starting to see a backlash against rigid sentencing schemes and a return of more discretion to frontline judges. Discussion Question 2-1: The now famous concurrence by Justice Harlan in Katz v. United States sets out the two-pronged test that has governed Fourth Amendment law ever since. What is that test? Think about the questions posed in Note 4 following Katz (pg. 90 of our text). As you progress through this course and you (hopefully) gain a better understanding of what the government can and cannot do under the Fourth Amendment, does your expectation of privacy change? Put another way, do criminal justice professionals have a different basis for their expectation of privacy under the Fourth Amendment than do lay citizens? Should they? What role, if any, do the cases of U.S. v. White and Smith v. Maryland play in your answer? Discussion Question 3-1: On page 209, our textbook briefly describes a case called Warden v. Hayden. In note 4 on page 218, our book discusses the case of Welsh v. Wisconsin. Briefly describe the difference between the two cases based on the information you are given. Do you agree with how the Court distinguished these two cases? Discussion Question 4-1: Review note 4 (page 342) following the seminal case of Terry v. Ohio. Which arguments — those of Amar or those of Sundby — do you agree with and why? Assuming that probable cause and the requirements of exigent circumstances obviated the need for McFadden to get a warrant (feel free to challenge that assumption if you wish), was the concept of “reasonable suspicion” needed and worth the uncertainty in the law it seems to have generated? Use this for this link for this question : 

How would you compare the peace settlement after World War II with the Treaty of Versailles in 1919? Do you think the settlement signed at Potsdam was better or worse than its predecessor?

How did the Roman and Byzantine worlds influence African art?

Include your name, student number, course number, course title and unit number with your writing assignment.  • Begin each writing assignment by identifying the question number you are answering followed by the actual question itself (in bold type).  • Use a standard essay format for responses to all questions (i.e., an introduction, middle paragraphs and conclusion).  • Responses must be typed double-spaced, using a standard font (i.e. Times New Roman) and 12 point type size.

 These articles are current event news items that can be found in numerous credible publications.  This includes newspapers, current magazine articles, contemporary healthcare websites.  These articles should be uploaded to Canvas so all students can share appropriate and newsworthy content.  Two (2) articles are required over the course of the semester.  In your submission within a maximum of (1) page please provide a summary of the article and how it is relevant to the course. Find a current health article that has something to do with this class. 

) Minimum 4 full pages   Part 1: minimum 1 page Part 2: minimum 1 page  Part 3: minimum 1 page Part 4: minimum 1 page     Submit 1 document per part2)¨******APA norms (Mandatory)     All paragraphs must be narrative and cited in the text- each paragraphs Bulleted responses are not accepted Dont write in the first person    Dont copy and pase the questions.Answer the question objectively, do not make introductions to your answers, answer it when you start the paragraph3) It will be verified by Turnitin and SafeAssign4) Minimum 8 references not older than 5 yearsMinimum 2 references per part5) ***************Identify your answer with the numbers, according to the question.Example:Q 1. Nursing is XXXXXQ 2. Health is XXXX______________________________________________________________Part 1:1) How does third-partypayment distort the market for health care? 2) If it is so distorted why does every wealthy country insist on using third-party intermediaries to purchase health care? 3) Why do we carve out a separate payment program for our elder citizens?Part 21) In what way does managed care actually manage cost? 2) Does it do so without diminishing the quality of care? If so, how does it accomplish this?Part 3For the case scenario:1) Discuss the standard(s) of care that the parties will be held to in this case. 2) How will the standards of care and the Nurse Practice Act for your state (Florida) be applied in a court of law if the case is sued?Case ScenarioSK, age 61, was admitted to the hospital. Because of understaffing of nurses in the hospital, her assigned RN did not assess her often enough and did not monitor her oxygen level.SK went to the hospital with what she thought was a bad cold, and was admitted with a diagnosis of pneumonia. Following admission, she became increasingly feverish and short of breath, but her family’s calls for help went unanswered. In fact, her daughter was unable to find anyone when she went to the nurses’ station looking for help. The patient eventually stopped breathing, and someone finally responded to the family’s desperate and frantic calls for help. SK was successfully resuscitated, but sustained brain damage due to oxygen deprivation. She was left unable to walk, talk, or care for herself.There were 41 other patients on this unit. Although the hospital’s own staffing standards called for 5 registered nurses and 2 licensed practical nurses to staff this unit, only 3 registered nurses were on duty. Records for the unit in question indicated that the hospital failed to meet its own staffing standards for 51 out of 59 days before this incident.Part 4After reviewing the ANA position statement on “Rights of Registered Nurses when Considering a Patient Assignment”1) Discuss the legal and ethical implications of accepting assignments. 2) When delegating assignments to unlicensed personnel, what considerations need to be considered?3)  What insurance issues come into play? 4) Analyze the legal principle of Respondeat Superior.

The project must be a Word document that is 4-5 pages (double-spaced) on a cyber-security topic of your choice.I will run it through SafeAssign and Turnitin so make sure it is your own work.

Choose three (3) ethical situations that have legal implications within group therapy. Show how a professional can avoid an ethical/legal violation in this case and if they have not how they may defend themselves. Include examples of issues that would be addressed in this group and strategies that would be used in working with this type of group. How would the understanding of ethical/legal violations be beneficial to these clients and why? How would the understanding of ethical/legal violations be beneficial to you as a counselor and why? When responding to other postings pick a different position than the person you are engaging in the discussion. State 2 reasons you might agree and 2 reasons you might not agree with their recommended group or strategies. Responses to Other Students: Respond to at least 2 of your fellow classmates with at least a 100-200 word reply about their Primary Task Response regarding items you found to be compelling and enlightening. To help you with your discussion, please consider the following questions: What did you learn from your classmate’s posting? What additional questions do you have after reading the posting? What clarification do you need regarding the posting? What differences or similarities do you see between your posting and other classmates’ postings?

Provide an overview of crime and victimization in the United States and include statistics of at least 3 major crimes (UCR Part I Crimes) •Identify and describe 3 direct impacts of crime on victims and their families. Discuss whether these are short or long-term impacts •Explain which crimes have higher reporting rates and which crimes have lower reporting rates • Identify methods for improving rates of reporting for underreported crimes •Discuss how using statistics and improving reporting rates can lead to social change