Criminology

For this assignment, explain the following four sections. This writing assignment may be informal but it must be in-depth. There is not a page limit but short submission may hinder your ability to fully explain each concept. Explain and describe “Democratic Police”. Describe and explain “Modern Policing”. Explain and describe the “Political Era”. Describe and explain the “Professional Era”

Describe crime mapping. What are the three main functions of crime mapping? What is GIS, and how has it improved crime mapping? How do law enforcement agencies utilize crime mapping?

This benchmark assignment explores the Criminal Justice aspects of Administration of Justice, Criminological theory and Law Enforcement. Ensure your essays speak to these aspects. Start by reading and following these instructions: 1. Quickly skim the questions or assignment below and the assignment rubric to help you focus. 2. Read the required chapter(s) of the textbook and any additional recommended resources. Some answers may require you to do additional research on the Internet or in other reference sources. Choose your sources carefully. 3. Consider the discussion and the any insights you gained from it. 4. Create your Assignment submission and be sure to cite your sources, use APA style as required, check your spelling. 5. This assignment must be between 1500 and 1750 words in length. Assignment: 1. Explain some of the common trends and possible future changes that could occur in the juvenile justice system in the next 50 years. Include which ones you agree with, and why. 2. There are many arguments for and against abolishing the juvenile justice system. Compare these arguments, decide which side you are on, and write your conclusions. 3. Outline the parameters, goals, and impact of the J.O.L.T. (Juvenile Offenders Learning Tolerance) program as a part of the Hate Crimes Suppression Unit founded by the Los Angeles County District Attorney’s Office. 4. Jamie is a 14-year-old junior high school student in Dallas, Texas. She tries to maintain good grades, but usually is satis?ed with a “C” average in most of her course work. She has no real plans for college and really doesn’t know what she wants to do with her life. Her mom and dad are divorced and she lives with her mother and two brothers. Jamie has several girlfriends, but no steady boyfriends. She is not active in extracurricular school events, but does attend the nearby Baptist Church where she engages in various youth activities. Last week, Jamie and one of her girlfriends were arrested for shoplifting. They were caught placing two Britney Spears CDs in their purses. When questioned by store security, Jamie contended that this was her ?rst time ever being in trouble, and that it was her girlfriend’s idea to steal the CDs. She says she is sorry and that it will never happen again. During most of the interview with store security, Jamie and her friend were visibly shaken and crying. She has been referred to the local teen court where you serve as the judge. a. What do you think is the best punishment or treatment strategy for Jamie? Why? b. Should of?cials at her school and church be noti?ed that she has been arrested for shoplifting? Why or why not? c. How do you think any sentence levied against Jamie will meet the basic principles of restorative justice? d. What should be the next steps of adjudication if Jamie is caught shoplifting again?

MICROSOFT POWER POINT 15 SLIDES MINIMUM 2 PICTURES AND 4 CITED SOURCES
Please use these two sources below:
*Bohm, R. M., & Walker, J. T. (Eds.). (2005). Demystifying crime and criminal justice. Roxbury Publishing Company.

*Kopak, A. M., & Frost, G. A. (2017). Correlates of program success and recidivism among participants in an adult pre-arrest diversion program. American Journal of Criminal Justice : AJCJ, 42(4), 727-745.

You are the Assistant State Attorney and you are training staff to work in your circuit court. You want to give them an introduction into the main sequences of events of the adult criminal justice system. In 15 slides include the following:

Include in your presentation:
• Entry into the system
• Prosecution
• Pretrial services
• Adjudication
• Sentencing and Sanctions
• Probation
• Jail/Prison
• Parole and/or Out of System

Cite at least 4 sources in APA format to support your statements. You may use the class text as one of the 4 references. The other references must be peer-reviewed journal articles that come from the college’s library (online or on campus) or websites that ends in .gov. For instance, fbi.gov, bjs.gov ….Be advised that a general “google” search of the topic is NOT an appropriate research method.

Include the use of a background as well as a minimum of ***TWO images*** in the PowerPoint

Topic Instructions:

For this paper you are to compare and contrast the two primary crime data sources used in the United States, i.e., the Uniform Crime Reports (UCR) and the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS).

The focus within your paper should be centered on the methodological procedures and implications between the two crime data sources. The purpose of this assignment is to critically review the primary data sources used in modern criminological research.

INSTRUCTIONS: 10 pages, APA Style, ***You should use a minimum of 9 outside “academic sources”. This means peer reviewed sources. Newspapers and websites are not acceptable. You must use 3 (Three) United States Government publications, this will be a total of 12 references, must have abstract, please see attached Rubric

Prior to beginning work on this assignment, please review the following:

The article Policies and Practices in Cold Cases: An Exploratory Study
The report Using DNA to Solve Cold Cases (Links to an external site.)
This video Just Wrong: The Aftermath of Wrongful Convictions (Links to an external site.)
The Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper will focus on demonstrating an awareness of the scientific methodology used to solve crimes by analyzing a virtual crime scene simulation. You will document the appropriate procedures for protecting a crime scene; how to identify and document evidence; evidence handling, testing, and standards for the admissibility of evidence; scientific testing; and expert testimony at trial. You will also describe the broad role of forensic science in contributing toward a more just society.

Background

You are a member of the Crime Scene Response Unit (CSRU) at Metro City Police Department. The unit manager just assembled the team for a briefing about a callout and has assigned you as lead on this scene, making you responsible for documenting the appropriate procedures for protecting the crime scene; how to identify and document evidence; evidence handling, testing, and standards for the admissibility of evidence; what scientific testing should be done at the laboratory; and expert testimony at trial. The multimedia element shown below is the CSRU manager’s briefing for you and your team.

Transcript for video above available here Preview the document.
After watching the briefing, you will respond to the crime scene by entering the virtual crime scene simulation. Access the CRJ311 Basic Instructions document for tips on how best to navigate through this virtual crime scene. If you are unable to run the simulation, please contact your instructor. You will be able to move through the crime scene, examine items in closer detail, and determine what is evidence. You should take notes just as you would at a physical scene, as you will need to identify each piece of evidence and how it will be handled when you write the Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper. Use relevant examples from the virtual crime scene and a minimum of 10 scholarly and/or credible resources, which may include resources previously used to support your work in Weeks 2 through 4. The Scholarly, Peer-Reviewed, and Other Credible Sources (Links to an external site.) table offers additional guidance on appropriate source types.

In your Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper,

Summarize thoroughly the situation as it was known prior to arriving at the virtual scene in your introduction. Note that your introduction paragraph needs to end with a clear thesis statement that indicates the purpose of your paper. For assistance on Writing a Thesis Statement (Links to an external site.), refer to the Ashford Writing Center resources.
Explain how the virtual crime scene will be protected.
Describe how the virtual crime scene should be approached and why such steps are necessary.
Identify what steps are necessary to protect the virtual crime scene from contamination or loss of evidence and why this is an important element of crime scene management.
Determine evidence collection procedures appropriate to the virtual crime scene.
Describe how each item of evidence will be documented.
Identify which collection technique should be used for each piece of evidence.
Differentiate among techniques and explain why different techniques are appropriate to these types of evidence.
Illustrate chain of custody. As part of this element
Describe what chain of custody means.
Explain why it is important to protect the integrity of the evidence collected at the virtual crime scene.
Assess the potential impact on testing and admissibility if chain of custody is not clearly established.
Categorize evidence testing related to the virtual crime scene. As part of this element
Distinguish what types of field testing should be used at the virtual crime scene.
Distinguish what types of laboratory testing should be used on evidence collected at the virtual crime scene.
Compare the possible evidentiary findings and in-court admissibility of the field and laboratory tests.
Analyze current standards for the admissibility of the scientific evidence from your virtual crime scene at trial. As part of this element
Explain the common standards used by the courts to evaluate the admissibility of scientific evidence.
Determine any possible challenges to the admissibility of the collected evidence and what can be done proactively to ensure admissibility.
Assess how following valid methodology and properly using forensic science at trial contributes to sustaining a more just society.

The Crime Scene Evidence Analysis Report Final Paper

Must be at least 2,500 words in length (not including title and references pages) and formatted according to APA style as outlined in the Ashford Writing Center’s APA Style

Discuss motives for mass killings to include school shootings. Be sure to include examples to support the typology of each motive.

1. Sources used for studies or statistical information should be less than 10 years old.

Instructions
In this unit, you have learned about the distinctions between felony and misdemeanor crimes. For this assignment, imagine that you have been tasked with preparing a PowerPoint presentation about this topic to be used as a briefing backup for criminal justice personnel in your jurisdiction. In your presentation, you should do the following:

Contrast felony and misdemeanor crimes;
Describe methods for classifying felonies in your jurisdiction;
Describe methods for classifying misdemeanors in your jurisdiction; and
Identify procedures for filing motions to dismiss and expunge criminal convictions.
Your presentation will be evaluated using the following elements:

organization,
quality of presentation (appropriate graphics and/or text),
accuracy of briefing points (content),
APA-formatted in-text citations, and
APA-formatted references.
Your presentation must be a minimum of eight slides, not counting the title and reference slides. The notes field may be used to expand on the content of the slides, but this is not required. At least two academic sources must be used, and any information from these sources must be cited and referenced in APA format.

1. Explain the proper collection and packaging methodologies for biological evidence. Why should biological evidence never be packaged in air-tight or non-breathable mediums?

2. What is PCR analysis? Why is this application important particularly for cold cases or cases in which only a small amount of DNA is recovered?

3. What is STR analysis? Why is this an effective method for DNA typing?

Advanced class. Please do not write paragraphs on basic criminology.

This assignment is based on a fictional and hypothetical case. Below is a summary of the circumstances regarding the discovery of a female decedent’s body. Use the information provided below to answer the questions at the end of the summary.

This an advanced class. Do not write three paragraphs on the basics of criminology. Focus mostly on physical evidence. Stick strictly to the questions.

Note: The correct use of contemporary scientific terminology and forensic applications will result in higher scores. Vague or nondescript terminology or processing applications will not generate a high score.

The expected length for this assignment is between 4-5 content pages exclusive of the title page and reference section. You are welcome to exceed this limit as the more substantive and detailed all work, the more credit it will tend to earn. Utilize your textbook and other external sources to answer the required questions. Your answers should be summarized in your own words and should demonstrate a thorough understanding of each of the questions posed.

Copying or paraphrasing from the text will not garner credit. You must include original reflection and demonstrate critical thinking with these questions. Please be sure to thoroughly cite any resources used for your summary. Failure to provide credit to your sources, papers comprised of excessive quoted material, or any paper deemed to be plagiarized will result in a zero grade for this assignment. All work will be screened for plagiarism.

Your paper must adhere to APA formatting guidelines. This includes a title page and a properly formatted Reference section, including at least three references. Please include only one attachment for this assignment. Your attachment should address all four questions in one document only.

Case Scenario:

One Saturday morning at approximately 0900 hrs, a man walking his dog in a public park discovered the body of a white female lying in some bushes. Between the pathway and the bushes was a strip of grass, approximately 2 yards wide. The grass appeared to have been freshly cut and there were what appeared to be drag marks between the path and the body, across the grass and across the earth. The bushes were bordered by a brick wall approximately 5-6 yards from the pathway.

Within the bushes the body of a woman lay so that the torso was fully exposed but the head and lower legs were partially covered by the bushes. The woman was lying on her back. Hanging over the bushes, approximately five feet from the body was a white T-shirt adjacent to which was a handbag or purse. Other garments were apparent towards the feet of the body within the bushes. On closer examination of the body, a pair of blue denim jeans were observed to be partly pulled off with the left leg turned inside out and covering the left foot. The body was otherwise naked apart from a wrist watch on the left wrist.

Fragments of cut grass were adherent to the anterior aspects of the thighs and abdomen. Fragments of grass were present in the pubic hair. There was dirt soiling of the left thigh and both buttocks. There was blood smearing of the left arm and left breast. Further blood was smeared around the nose and mouth. Within the hair of the body were a number of twigs and leaves. There was prominent dirt soiling, but no blood-staining, of the hands and clumps of dirt were embedded beneath some of the fingernails.

Autopsy disclosed that she died of manual strangulation. There was no natural disease. No trauma was identified to the vagina or external genitalia. Toxicological analysis disclosed a blood alcohol level of 300 mg% and a urinary alcohol level of 380 mg%.

Questions:

1. What evidence and/or samples would you collect at the crime scene? How would the examination of this evidence assist in the investigation of the crime?

2. Discuss the importance of attending the crime scene where the body was located?

3. What physical evidence samples would you request from the pathologist in order to determine whether a sexual battery occurred?

4. What control samples would you require in this case?

Payment will be after grading.