Epidemiology

Discussion Question 1  For these questions, please read the following case study and then respond to the questions noted below.  Mr. EBR is a 74-year-old retired Hispanic gentleman with known coronary artery disease (CAD), who presents to your clinic with substernal chest pain for the past 3 months. It is not positional; it reliably occurs with exertion, approximately one to two times daily, and is relieved with rest, or one or two sublingual nitroglycerin (NTG) tabs. It is similar in quality, but is much less severe, than the chest pain that occurred with his previous inferior myocardial infarction (MI) 3 years ago. Until the past 3 months, he has felt well. The chest pain is accompanied by diaphoresis and nausea, but no shortness of breath (SOB) or palpitations. He does not vomit. He denies orthopnea, paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea (PND), syncope, presyncope, dizziness, lightheadedness, and symptoms of stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA).An echocardiogram done after his MI demonstrated a preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF). Other medical problems include well-controlled type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), well-controlled hypertension (HTN), and hyperlipidemia, with low-density lipoprotein (LDL) at goal. He also has stage 3 chronic kidney disease (CKD) and diabetic neuropathy. He no longer smokes and does not use alcohol or recreational drugs. His daily medications include: Atenolol 25 mg PO bid, Lisinopril 20 mg PO bid, aspirin 81 mg PO daily, Simvastatin 80 mg PO each evening, and metformin 500 mg PO bid. Mr. EBR’s physical examination includes the following: height 68 inches, weight 185 lb, Blood pressure (BP) 126/78, heart rate (HR) 64, Respiratory rate (RR) 16, and temperature 98.6°F orally. He is alert and oriented, and in no apparent distress (NAD). His neck is without jugular venous distention (JVD) or carotid bruits. Lungs are clear to auscultation bilaterally. Cardiovascular: normal S1 & S2, RRR, without rubs, murmurs or gallops. Abdomen has active bowel tones and is soft, non-tender, and non distended (NTND). Extremities are without clubbing, cyanosis, or edema. Distal pedal pulses are 2+ bilaterally What would you add to the current treatment plan? Why?Would you discontinue any of the currently prescribed medications? Why or why not?How does the diagnosis stage 3 chronic kidney disease affect your choices?Why is the patient prescribed more than one antihypertensive? What is the benefit of aspirin therapy in this patient?Discussion Question 2 List three classes of drugs affecting the Hematopoietic System. List the mechanism of action for each class of drug. Choose one medication from the three classes and discuss what disorder the drug is used to treat? How often the medication is given? What labs should get monitored while the patient is taking this medication? Your response should be at least 350 words. For more information on Coronary Artery Disease read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coronary_artery_disease

Discuss the impact of expanding technology in developing countries upon the increased burden of chronic diseases such as diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and hypertension. OR 2.      Discuss diabetes & cardiovascular disease prevention strategies within developing countries. What can be accomplished with limited funds?

Not all leaders are successful. Carefully study the reign of Saul, the first king of Israel (I Samuel 13-31). What traits did Saul exhibit that either helped or hindered his leadership effectiveness?   Besides traits, how did he use (or not use) some of the ideas from the leadership theories we have studied this week? If you had the opportunity to give Saul some advice, based on our study of leadership, what would you have told him?  Textbook: (CH. 12, 13, 14, 15) Helm-Stevens, R., Kipley, D., (2018). Organizational behavior theory for high performance management. Cognella, Inc . ISBN: 978-1-5165-0794-8

What is The Importance Of Breast Cancer Screening? For more information on read this: 

Osteoporosis is a bone disease marked by brittle and fragile bones. In this assignment, you will explore this disease in more detail using the scenario below. Scenario: During a recent visit with a female relative, the relative informs you that she has been diagnosed with osteopenia, a precursor to osteoporosis. In order to help your relative, you decide to research this disease further. To complete this assignment, do the following: Research this disease using a minimum of 2 sources. You can use your textbook for one of the sources. Choose the remaining source(s) from the GALE Virtual Reference Library provided on the Structure and Function of the Human Body library guide page. In a minimum of 2 pages (not counting the references page), address the following: Explain how osteoporosis develops and the potential causes. Describe the ways that your relative can prevent the onset of osteoporosis. Include a references page at the end of your document, formatted using the APA guidelines, that lists your research sources. For more information on Osteoporosis read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Osteoporosis

Write a paper (2,000-2,500 words) in which you apply the concepts of epidemiology and nursing research to a communicable disease. Refer to “Communicable Disease Chain,” “Chain of Infection,” and the CDC website for assistance when completing this assignment. Communicable Disease SelectionChickenpoxTuberculosisInfluenzaMononucleosisHepatitis BHIV Ebola Measles Polio Influenza Epidemiology Paper RequirementsDescribe the chosen communicable disease, including causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment, and the demographic of interest (mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Is this a reportable disease? If so, provide details about reporting time, whom to report to, etc.Describe the social determinants of health and explain how those factors contribute to the development of this disease.Discuss the epidemiologic triangle as it relates to the communicable disease you have selected. Include the host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Are there any special considerations or notifications for the community, schools, or general population? Explain the role of the community health nurse (case finding, reporting, data collection, data analysis, and follow-up) and why demographic data are necessary to the health of the community.Identify at least one national agency or organization that addresses the communicable disease chosen and describe how the organizations contribute to resolving or reducing the impact of the disease.Discuss a global implication of the disease. How is this addressed in other countries or cultures? Is this disease endemic to a particular area? Provide an example.A minimum of three peer-reviewed or professional references is required.Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. An abstract is not required.

 Infectious disease  Requirement My state is Maryland. Week 5 Paper: Transgender Individuals with HIV/Aids Apply the concepts of population health and epidemiology to the topic. Synthesize Course content from Weeks 1-5 according to the following sections: Introduction: Analysis of the communicable disease (causes, symptoms, mode of transmission, complications, treatment) to include demographic break down that includes age, gender, race, or other at-risk indicators (da ta per demographics should include mortality, morbidity, incidence, and prevalence). Determinants of Health: Define, identify and synthesize the determinants of health as related to the development of the infection. Utilize HP2020.  Robust identification and description of the determinants of health with explanation of how those factors contribute to the development of this disease. Evidence supports background. Epidemiological Triad: Identify and describe all elements of the epidemiological triad: Host factors, agent factors (presence or absence), and environmental factors. Utilize the demographic break down to further describe the triad. Uses example/s, resources, to fully describe the triad. Role of the Nurse Practitioner: Succinctly define the role of the nurse practitioner according to a national nurse practitioner organization ( National Board of Nursing or AANP, for example) and synthesize the role to the?management of infectious diseases (surveillance, primary/secondary/tertiary interventions, reporting, data collecting, data analysis, and follow-up). This includes the integration of a model of practice which supports the implementation of an evidence-based practice.? Refer to your course textbook for models of practice examples. ( Curley, A.L. & Vitale, P.A. (2016). Population-Based Nursing: Concepts and Competencies for Advanced Practice (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Springer Publishing).Preparing the paper Submission Requirements Application: Use Microsoft Word™ to create the written assessment. Length: The paper (excluding the title page and reference page) should be limited to a maximum of four (5) pages. Papers not adhering to the page length may be returned to you for editing to meet the length guidelines . A minimum of three (3) scholarly research/literature references must be used. CDC or other web sources may be utilized but are not counted towards the three minimum references required. Your course text may be used as an additional resource but is not included in the three minimum scholarly references.APA format current edition.Include scholarly in-text references and a reference list.Do not write in the first person (such as “me” “I”)Follow submission requirements.Make sure all elements on the grading rubric are included. Organize the paper using the rubric sections and appropriate headings to match the sections.Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal, scientific writing.Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the current edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used.Ideas and information that come from scholarly literature must be cited and referenced correctly.A minimum of three (3) scholarly literature references must be used. **See above section on “Preparing the Paper”.