Health & Medical

Importantly, I am not merely looking for a “right answer” in this Discussion. Rather, it is the intention of this Discussion to lead you to a clear understanding of these concepts through an ongoing asynchronous dialogue with your peers. Toward this end, you are more than welcome to contribute with specific questions, examples, analogies, etc. During the first week of the module your task will be preparing the answers using reading relevant materials. You may discuss the questions with peers (post your questions). During the second week of the module you will write and post your answers to the questions based on the group discussion. Be sure that your posts are thoughtful, professional, and respectful. What does Odds Ratio mean? The odds ratio is equal to exp(B), or sometimes written eB. If we say Odds Ratio=1, what does it mean? If Odds Ratio=.5, what does it mean? What is the main difference between both methods (multiple regression and logistics regression)? If the dependent variable is ordinal data, which method will you use for data analysis? Why? LOGISTIC REGRESSION Explain about the logistic regression Princeton University (N/A). Logit Models for Binary Data. Retrieved May 2016 from http://data.princeton.edu/wws509/notes/c3.pdf Terms and concepts in logistic regression Sperandei, S. (2014). Understanding logistic regression analysis. Retrieved June 2018 from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC3936971/pdf/biochem-24-1-12-4.pdf Park, H. (2013). An Introduction to Logistic Regression. From Basic Concepts to Interpretation with Particular Attention to the Nursing Domain. Retrieved June 2018 from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/3305/2b1d2363aee3ad290612109dcea0aed2a89e.pdf

.S.M. is a 68-year-old male who is being seen at your clinic for routine health maintenance and health promotion.  He reports that he has been feeling well and has no specific complaints, except for some trouble “emptying my bladder”.  Vital signs at this visit are 148/88, 82, 16, 96.9F.  He had lab work completed last week and the results are listed below.  While obtaining your nursing history, you record no family history of cancer or genitourinary problems.  S.M. reports frequency, urgency and nocturia X 4; he has a weak stream and has to sit to void.  These symptoms have been progressive over the past 6 months.  He reports he was diagnosed with a large prostate a number of years ago.  Lab Results: Sodium 140 mEq/L Potassium 4.2 mEq/L Chloride 100 mEq/L Bicarbonate 26 mEq/L BUN 19 mq/dL Creatinine 0.8 mq/dL Glucose 94 mq/dL RBC 5.2 million/mm3 WBC 7400 mm3 Hgb 15.2 g/dL Hct 46% Platelets 348,000/mm3  Prostate-specific antigen (PSA) 0.23ng/mL Urinalysis WNL  Discussion Questions: What can you tell S.M. about his lab work? What is the significance of the PSA result? Identify the categories of the health history that have been addressed and those for which additional data must be obtained. Relate expected (normal) findings to those described for this patient and discuss any additional information that might be needed before a diagnosis can be made? Based on the assessment data presented, what are the health issues? Provide rationale.  Discuss the developmental (physical, cognitive, psychosocial and behavioral), age, socioeconomic and cross-cultural considerations that should be considered during the gathering of subjective and objective data and the provision of health care for S.M.?   Search entries or author

Instructions From the list below, choose one topic related to financial management in health care organizations. Include a cover page and a list of references at the end of the paper in APA Format.  Paper will be double spaced and be 4-5 pages in 12 point New Times Roman font. TOPICS False Claims Act Physician Self-Referral Act (Stark Law) Anti-kickback Statute Civil Monetary Penalties Law Exclusion Authorities Tax Exemption (Non-profit Hospitals) Anti-trust & Accountable Care Organizations   Deficit Reduction Act The assignment is to be written in clear, concise narrative. All sections in the outline for Assignment #2 are required. Outline:  Must use the headings from the outline below in your paper and the paper must be in narrative form not outline or bullet format. A penalty will be deducted from paper if underlined headings not used in your paper.  1.    Name of the Law and or laws:   State the official title of the federal and/or state law, the statute and section number.  Must be either a federal statute or state statute and you must cite both if applicable. Thus if there is both a federal and state law that covers your subject picked then you must cite both. Do not assume that there is just a federal and or state law. In most cases there is both a federal and state law. You must use the laws cited in this section throughout the rest of the paper. 2.  Management’s Financial Responsibilities:   What are the health care organization’s responsibilities under this financial management statute you stated above? Provide a comprehensive discussion of three (3) specific responsibilities under the financial management statute. State specifically after each responsibility  where this responsibility is stated in the federal or state law.  Describe the appropriate behavior and expectation. Include the citations and source of documents describing the organization’s responsibilities.  Consequences for Ethical or Legal Breach: Discuss in general the civil and criminal consequences from the law. Then identify from the news, three (3) specific case examples of health care organizations or health care providers found guilty of a legal or ethical breach relative to the law you have cited in first part of paper. Identify the specific legal and/or ethical breach and the penalties assessed to the health service organizations and/or individuals found guilty of violating the law or ethics [provide citation of law].  At the end of each case, discuss in detail whether you agree or not with the decision and why. Bring in the facts of the case to support your comments. Students should use a minimum of three (3) documented specific examples retrieved from the print media.  HCO Management’s remedial steps to reverse the non-compliance organizations: Describe in detail three (3) specific management actions or remedial steps you would take to ensure the financial management in the health care organization meets or exceeds the federal law or state law relative to the requirements of the law you cited above. Discuss specifically how each of the three management actions specifically meets or exceeds the specific federal or state law you cited. Note: These actions may include specific uses of technology, procedures, human resource training, and other management tools.  However these action steps must be within the control of a manager.  5. Conclusion: Summary your findings above Reference List [APA Format]  The paper must be: Late penalties: See Course Syllabus. Be sure and use the underlined headings found in the outline below in your paper. Paper must be in narrative format not outline or bullets.  Double spaced and be 4-5 pages in 12 point New Times Roman font. Include a cover page [not counted as a page] which should have student name and title of your paper [Provide a short name for the legal responsibility the specific health care organization has for one type of patient right in a specific setting ]  A the end of the paper a list of references in APA Format [not counted as a page]     Be prepared using word-processing software and saved with a .doc, .docx, or .rtf extension. No pdf. Be uploaded to your Assignments Folder by 11:59 p.m. EST on the due date.  The paper is to be posted in Assignment #2 drop box. Must cite to the source for all your facts in the text of your paper in APA format. Example of an in text citation: (Ernst, & Young, 2000 p14). Example of source cited on Reference page: References Healthcare Financial Management Association (U.S.), Ernst, & Young. (2000). Health care system reform: A provider perspective : survey results. Westchester, Ill.: Healthcare Financial Management Association.  Except where noted, the assignment is written in clear, concise narrative. All sections of Assignment #2 are required.  Grading Rubric for written Assignment #2 is in Assignments area of the class.

For this assignment, you are to create an assessment to measure how your clinic/department is doing in the area of facility management. Follow these directions for your assignment. Create a practice assessment with questions that are relevant to assessing your medical facility. Include questions that will help you identify if the practice environment is as comfortable and attractive as possible and has efficient and effective flow patterns. You may also want to include your handling of biohazard waste materials or meeting OSHA requirements. An introductory statement explaining the purpose of and how to use the assessment must be included. A minimum of 10 questions must be defined. An explanation of how the assessment results will be used and the frequency of the assessment is to be typed at the bottom of the assessment.  Create the assessment in the Excel template attached. (Download the template.) Save the assessment in Excel format AND in a .pdf format. Submit the assignment as a .pdf file online through Canvas ALL 10 QUESTIONS MUST BE ANSWERED BY A YES OR NO.

The outline of a good assignment will look something like this: Mary is a 17-year-old Jehovah’s Witness. Mary’s family is also Jehovah’s Witness and they are very active in their church. Mary appears to be devout in her belief and claims that her faith is extremely important to her. Mary has even created a local mentoring group for younger Jehovah Witness girls. Recently, Mary was diagnosed with aplastic anemia, a life-threatening illness in which a person’s immune system attacks the person’s bone marrow. In a meeting wit Mary and her parents, you relay the information that Mary will die without blood transfusions. Mary and her parents refused to consent to the life-saving blood transfusions. As a physician, you are aware that you are able to override parent’s wishes about blood transfusions in pediatric patients, but are concerned that Mary is mature enough and may be capable of making an informed choice. You are torn between viewing Mary as a child who you have to protect, and Mary as a young adult who is capable of making choices about her care.  As Mary’s physician, what do you do?   Overall Feedback I think these articles look great. Very well rounded! I think one interesting question to ask about this case is this: is it reasonable to refuse blood transfusions?  In other words, although Mary’s faith says she should not receive transfusions, we might wonder whether that is a rationally defensible claim.  Maybe it is, but it’s a question worth asking.   Second, I think we should ask about the hierarchy of patient priorities. Maybe she understands that she might die, but it’s more important to be faithful to God. Third, I think you might incorporate some discussion of the distinction between respecting a patient’s right to refuse treatment, and, on the other hand, whether we must treat a patient’s request as a command to do something. So it’s one thing to say, “Ok we won’t treat Mary if she doesn’t want it.” But it would be something entirely different if she said, “My faith dictates that you MUST do X,Y, and Z for me.” For instance, female genital mutilation might be an example. Sometimes that practice is connected with religious beliefs.  I wonder if there is a difference when the patient is asking the provider to do something rather than when the patient is refusing treatment.  Does that make sense? Finally, I’ll say that I think given Mary’s situation, she will need regular transfusions, not just a single set.  Likely she will need to come in monthly or more often.  So proposing that she be compelled to do the transfusions is likely not just a one-time thing, but makes her adopt a whole lifestyle. Good work so far!     Assignment Description The purpose of the Position Paper assignment is to give students an opportunity to demonstrate their ability to 1) apply ethical principles and theories to a specific case, 2) analyze the dilemma using an ethical decision-making framework, and 3) articulate a fully justified position about the case.  The final paper should be between 6-8 pages in length, excluding the cover page and references list (using a minimum of 5 academic sources). The paper must address each of the following elements, and each element should be noted in the narrative with proper APA section headers.  Case and Topic Introduction (1 page) This section of the paper must include the case being explored, and clearly identify the ethical dilemma in the and provide enough background information, including definitions, to allow the reader to understand the issues. When constructing the topic introduction, you should assume the reader is not familiar with the topic. All statements of fact (i.e. statements from other authors or empirical evidence) should be clearly supported with relevant information from the scholarly literature. For example, if you state that the use of a particular technology is increasing, you must have a scholarly source supporting that statement. This is also true for statistics, definitions, or other pertinent informati`      on used. Problem Statement and “Road Map”  (1 paragraph) This section forms the basis for the problem statement. Although more than one problem may be identifiable in a given topic, students are encouraged to narrow the problem statement to ONE main dilemma in order to make the analysis manageable within the confines of the assignment. Be sure to identify which of the questions is the primary ethical question. In other words, which question reflects the most significant issue that must be dealt with in order to form an opinion about the dilemma? For example, a main ethical dilemma in a given case could be stated like this: “The main ethical dilemma in this case is whether or not Mrs. Sanders artificial feeding should be continued.” Once the main ethical dilemma is stated, I want each student to include a thesis statement, or a “road map,” of exactly what they plan to argue and on what ground they will argue it on. For example, using the dilemma above, a student could state “In this paper, I will argue that it is unethical to remove artificial nutrition from Mrs. Sanders based on Mrs. Sanders autonomy, her past wishes, and the notion that her surrogates are not adhering to the guidelines of oral advanced directives.” Argument (2-3 pages) This section of the paper will be used to create cogent arguments about the selected topic in direct response to the problem statement identified in the topic introduction.  Essentially, your argument should reflect how particular ethical principles, theories, obligations or duties can be applied to the argument. It is also important to include relevant information from the literature in support of each argument. For example, from the dilemma above, you would want to break down concepts like autonomy and substituted judgment in order to justify your position regarding Mrs. Sanders. This section should be where the majority of your sources are used. Hint: Be sure you are actually arguing for your position instead of simply assuming that it is correct (don’t beg the question). Counter-Arguments (1-2 pages) Counter-arguments are those statements directly challenging the initial argument. Here, it is important to point out the weaknesses of initial arguments and/ or consider the circumstances under which one might abandon or otherwise alter the initial position. All counter-arguments should reflect how a particular theory or principle can be applied to refute original arguments. The use of information from the literature will also serve to strengthen the quality of the counter-arguments, and will help to ensure that a variety of contrasting viewpoints are represented. Counter-arguments in this section should be equally compelling to the initial arguments. This allows a greater degree of certainty that the analysis is unbiased, objective, and fair to a variety of viewpoints. So, for example, a counter argument for the case above could begin with a statement like this: “Critics of this position would likely claim that we ought to discontinue Mrs. Sanders artificial nutrition based on the notion that her care is futile since she will likely never leave the hospital.” Response to Counter-Argument and Conclusion (1-2 pages) This section should communicate a direct response to the counter argument, and prove why the counter claims are insufficient or inappropriate.  It should indicating your initial position is more compelling and why. For example, a student might state “While critics might argue that Mrs. Sanders case futile, based on Trotter’s conception of futility it can be seen that they are mistaken, since artificial nutrition is accomplishing Mrs. Sanders pre-stated goals.” Expectations and Evaluation* Recognizing that ethical narrative reflects a degree of subjectivity and creativity on the part of the writer, written assignments in this course will not be evaluated on individual thoughts or positions. Rather, work will be evaluated on the depth and clarity of thoughts and ideas; presence of all required assignment elements; accurate understanding, interpretation, and application of ethical theories and principles; and narrative organization and writing mechanics. Close attention to details in the following categories will help to ensure successful completion of written assignments in HCE 430: Applied Ethics in Health Care. General Writing Expectations Writing Mechanics: Papers must meet acceptable writing standards for undergraduate-level work, including paragraph construction and sentence structure. For guidance on academic writing, visit the  Learning Commons. Papers must be carefully proof-read prior to submission so as to capture misspellings, grammatical errors, and problems with sentence or paragraph structure. It is often helpful for students to read their own writing out loud in order to capture some of the more obvious errors. It is also often helpful to see the help of a friend or family member who can serve as editor. The Regis University Writing Center includes free services to help students with the writing process. You can make an online appointment with a writing tutor for assistance. General Requirements All courses in the RHCHP School of Nursing require adherence to standards set forth by the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association, 6th edition, published in 2010. This is an important element of academic writing and students are required to carefully follow APA standards. The APA publi and most other book retailers. Additionally, writing resources including APA style sheets and information about academic writing are linked through the Course Syllabus. Papers that do not substantively comply with APA standards may be returned unread. Assignment Layout and Adherence to APA Standards ·         Papers must not significantly fall below or exceed guidelines for length as outlined in the assignment descriptions. ·         Papers must be formatted in accordance with standards set forth by the APA manual as described above. ·         Assignment submissions should include a cover sheet as well as running headers and paper numbers (placed electronically within the body of the paper), ·         All written work must be free of plagiarism, either intended or unintended. ·         Sources must be properly captured with in-text citations, and each in-text citation must include a corresponding and properly formatted entry in the reference list. ·         As recognized by APA standards, papers are to be constructed using the 12 point Times New Roman font. * Adapted from: Rhodes, T. L. & Finley, A. (2013). Using the VALUE rubrics for improvement of learning and authentic assessment. Washington, DC: Association of American Colleges and Universities.   Revised: Fall 2016 A.E. Hine

Relate to (SARS COV-2) which causes COVID-19, as attached in the assignment instructions.

Research Paper/ Argumentative Topic:  Examine your argumentative essay and consider what information might be missing. Where can you expand? What can you add? What needs further support? For many of you, this will mean adding additional background information on the topic. It may also involve slightly broadening your focus.   Step Two – Research                                                  After determining what your paper lacks, you will need to find additional sources to fill in the blanks. You are required to have 6-10 sources for your finished research paper.   Step Three – Drafting When drafting, keep in mind that you most likely don’t want to simply stick on more paragraphs at the end of your essay. Add facts, paraphrases, quotes, and background information throughout your paper. Consider moving paragraphs around to make it flow more smoothly. Now that you have feedback from your peers, you will revise your essay using the strategies we have discussed in class and you have read about in your textbooks.  Make sure you follow the requirements below when you submit your paper.   Requirements: ·      Your finished essay must be 2300-2800 words. Remember, a paper of less than half the required length gets a zero. The word count does NOT include your Works Cited page. ·      Your paper must include both in-text citations and a Works Cited page with a minimum of six sources. ·      You must submit your paper online using Safe Assign. Failure to do so will also result in a zero.  ·      You must use MLA format: 12 point Times New Roman font, double-spaced, 1 inch margins, with the appropriate header. ·      You CANNOT submit this paper late.

Topic 6: In-Service Scenario Analysis Directions: In 750-1,000 words, select one of the scenarios below to write an essay that answers the reflection questions. Use a minimum of three scholarly references to support your analysis. Scenario 1: Marcie is a new client and a 22-year-old female who works as a receptionist in a doctor’s office. She has just revealed to you during the intake session that she has recently lost interest in most activities, has been sleeping a great deal yet feels tired all the time, and sometimes wishes she could cease to exist. She mentioned feeling as though she has been “on an emotional roller coaster” during the past year, throughout her on-again/off-again relationship with a 35-year-old married man. The last breakup with him seemed final, and Marcie has felt herself sinking deeper and deeper into depression ever since. When probed further about suicidal ideations, Marcie admitted that she has considered killing herself, although she is uncertain whether or not she would actually do it. Scenario 2: A managed care clinician completed a utilization review and has just denied authorization for you to continue treating a client. You believe that the client could benefit from four additional sessions. At the same time, you understand that the managed care clinician must apply criteria of medical necessity to justify continued treatment, and you are aware that many of your agency’s clients have problems much more severe than your client’s problems. Reflection Questions: 1.      Does the primary diagnosis via the current DSM play a factor in what you would do as an administrator of the facility? 2.      What steps would ensure the safety of the client within a community/mental health care setting? 3.      Would communication be a concern within the agency? How would you, as the administrator address training to ensure privacy of the client? What could be included within the informed consent process to ensure emergency notification for the client? 4.      Make a list of all of the ways that you could try to ensure that the managed care system does not prevent you from giving your client the type and duration of treatment services that he or she needs. 5.      Categorize each of the items from question 4 into two groups reflecting those that would be considered professionally appropriate and ethical, and those that would be considered a violation of professional ethical standards.

The purpose of this assignment is to strengthen students’ understanding of the role that structural bias can play in negatively influencing health and creating barriers to achieving health equity. Please do the following. Read articles by Jones (2000) and Bahls (2011) posted on Canvas course page under classes for 11/4 and 10/14, respectively. (I WILL SEND TO YOU THE ARTICLES) Select one of the following health issues: a) hypertension; or b) diabetes. Based on these readings and other literature, prepare a 2-4 page, 12-point font, double-spaced paper (reference list not included in page limit) that addresses the following: 1)  Considering your selected health issue, give at least two examples of how each of the three levels of racism (total 6) as described by Jones might lead to poorer health outcomes for African-Americans compared to Whites. Be sure to describe the barriers that might exist in each example. 2)  Describe three approaches (one for each level) that you think could be used to address structural bias and how you think that approach could potentially reduce health inequities between African-Americans and Whites in the US. Be sure to: 1) Be specific and provide support from the literature for your statements; 2) Clearly distinguish between your opinion and that of others (be sure to use in-text citations); 3) Present your words not the words of others from literature or internet sources; 4) Maintain an objective and professional tone in your writing; 5) Cite your in-text references and create your list of references in APA style*. Grading Rubric – Your grade will be based on the following considerations: 1)  Answering all question items (C1-C2) adequately; 2)  Good quality content in responses and maintaining a professional tone; 3)  Use of quality sources; 4)  Making specific statements with supporting evidence; 5)  Correctly using in-text citations and APA references. *See APA guidelines under Library website or contact a Reference librarian for assistance. Assign 2 F20.10-28-20

Locate a peer-reviewed article that discusses the provision of Medicaid, Medicare, and Managed care for individuals with developmental disabilities. Discuss the factors that can impact access to these services; such as eligibility criteria that can impact health care access.