History

Imagine that you are Director of Exhibitions at the (fictional) Museum of American Sport. The museum has decided to display a collection of late-19th-century sporting guides for the public — the same guides we have been examining in our recent modules. Prepare an essay of 750-1000 words about these guides, targeted at museum-goers, to be published in the souvenir program accompanying the exhibition. What were these guides, what did they contain, what were their purpose(s), and what important things do they reveal about American sport in the nineteenth century?

Choose (1) of the following, and write a well-organized essay with well-chosen historical examples, and of course, in your own words. 30 pointsA. Discuss the importance of geography and the environment in early African history. Your discussion should include two regions in Africa.B. Discuss the importance of Islam in early African history, and, the importance of Africa in early Islamic history. Your discussion should address both parts of the prompt.C. Discuss several ways that early African history demonstrates historical connections of Africa with other parts of the so-called Old World. Your discussion should include 3 ways.Extra Credit:Formatting, organization, following directions. Up to 3 points.

– Introduction to the leader including their background. Explain their theory in your words.- What was the leader known for? What was their inspiration? What did they do that was different? How did their research/ theory effect leadership today? Can you give examples of their theory in use today?- Conclusion- does this theory make sense in today’s world? How will you use this leadership style to your benefit?- References required

This task asks you to build on your ability to apply a social issue/concept to a popular music of your choice. By completing the writing task below, you will organize your thinking in order to write P2.In your first paragraph, write a statement that:Explains how one social issue/concept lends a particular meaning to the popular music that you have selected for analysis.This statement must explain the issue/concept, mention the musical topic, and use at least two scholarly sources beyond course readings that enhances your analysis. Make sure that the connections between the issue/concept, musical topic, and scholarly sources are clear, so that other readers understand the connections you are making.Your statement should be 50-100 words.

Part II: Short EssaysChoose (3) of the following, and write a brief but well-organized essay for each that answers the prompt, using the textbook and your lecture notes, and with well-chosen historical examples, and of course in your own words. 10 points each; total of 30 points1. There is a growing consensus among scientists that all humans are descended from ancestors who lived in Africa. Explain.2. Explain how the speakers of Bantu languages became the dominant population in the southern half of Africa.3. Explain the ways that Ancient Egypt succeeded in maintaining its culture for some 3,000 years4. How do oral traditions enrich our understanding of West African history?5. How (and when and why) did Ghana, Mali and Songhai become wealthy and powerful empires in West Africa?6. Briefly explain how the Swahili Coast gold trade encouraged independent trade-towns rather than regional empires.

What did you learn from Renaissance Art? Write One page include Your Thought.

Charlemagne was a medieval emperor who ruled much of Western Europe from 768 to 814. In 771, Charlemagne became king of the Franks, a Germanic tribe in present-day Belgium, France, Luxembourg, the Netherlands and western Germany. He embarked on a mission to unite all Germanic peoples into one kingdom, and to convert his subjects to Christianity. A skilled military strategist, he spent much of his reign engaged in warfare in order to accomplish his goals. In 800, Pope Leo III (750-816) crowned Charlemagne emperor of the Romans. In this role, he encouraged the Carolingian Renaissance, a cultural and intellectual revival in Europe.Topic: Charlemagne had several reasons for maintaining a large group of scholars in his court. Discuss, in detail, at least two of his reasons.Remember to include at least 800 double-spaced words of text, with in-text citations or footnotes. You also need a cover page and a reference page. Check the syllabus for specifics regarding the formatting of papers.

The greatest source of Machiavelli’s reputation is, of course, his book The Prince (1532). The main theme of this short book is that all means may be resorted to for the establishment and preservation of authority — the end justifies the means — and that the worst and most treacherous acts of the ruler are justified by the wickedness and treachery of the governed. Therefore, using whatever means necessary to protect the stability of the state was perfectly logical.So…..read the quote below about Machiavelli and his groundbreaking political theory, and then answer the question below it. (You may wish to read other sections of The Prince – it is fairly short and you can Google a complete copy online, or try http://www.ilt.columbia.edu/publications/machiavelli.html (Links to an external site.).)”It has been a common view among political philosophers that there exists a special relationship between moral goodness and legitimate authority.Many authors (especially those who composed mirror-of-princes books or royal advice books during the Middle Ages and Renaissance) believed that the use of political power was only rightful if it was exercised by a ruler whose personal moral character was strictly virtuous. Thus rulers were counseled that if they wanted to succeed—that is, if they desired a long and peaceful reign and aimed to pass their office down to their offspring—they must be sure to behave in accordance with conventional standards of ethical goodness. In a sense, it was thought that rulers did well when they did good; they earned the right to be obeyed and respected inasmuch as they showed themselves to be virtuous and morally upright.It is precisely this moralistic view of authority that Machiavelli criticizes at length in his best-known treatise, The Prince. For Machiavelli, there is no moral basis on which to judge the difference between legitimate and illegitimate uses of power. Rather, authority and power are essentially coequal: whoever has power has the right to command; but goodness does not ensure power and the good person has no more authority by virtue of being good. Thus, in direct opposition to a moralistic theory of politics, Machiavelli says that the only real concern of the political ruler is the acquisition and maintenance of power (although he talks less about power per se than about “maintaining the state.”) In this sense, Machiavelli presents a trenchant criticism of the concept of authority by arguing that the notion of legitimate rights of rulership adds nothing to the actual possession of power. The Prince purports to reflect the self-conscious political realism of an author who is fully aware—on the basis of direct experience with the Florentine government—that goodness and right are not sufficient to win and maintain political office. Machiavelli thus seeks to learn and teach the rules of political power. For Machiavelli, power characteristically defines political activity, and hence it is necessary for any successful ruler to know how power is to be used. Only by means of the proper application of power, Machiavelli believes, can individuals be brought to obey and will the ruler be able to maintain the state in safety and security.” (http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/machiavelli/What implications did Machiavelli’s idea of the end justifying the means have for both Renaissance politicians and what implications for politicians today?*Keep in mind that Machiavelli’s ultimate goal for any “prince” was to keep the state safe and secure.Remember your paper must be a minimum of 800 double-spaced words of text, with in-text citations or footnotes. You also need a cover page and a reference page. Check the syllabus for specifics regarding the formatting of papers.

PromptI would like to focus my term paper on the topic of exploration of the social construction of the “third world realities” from the perspective in the Nepali film “white sun” (2016)Because Nepal’s over a hundred years of class rule and ten years of civil war have made war, gender, and old and new values ??antagonistic. These themes often found in third-world films are naturally visible in this film.Therefore, the director uses the father’s body to represent the old regime before the war, and death symbolizes the death of the regime. His two sons, although they belong to different political positions, had to join hands in order to carry the corpse, expressing some possibility of reconciliationIt is the perfect example for an insight toward a particular third-world reality from a native point of view.!!!!!important !!!!! Please note that third world cinema is different from third cinema(professors note about the chosen prompt :Greetings, Cynthia . . . Your term-paper proposal is apt, accepted and with good prospects. In developing it, as the term-paper will demonstrate your ability to formulate original, scholarly, inquiries as well as hone research and analytical skills, put premiums on the structure (introductory paragraph, robust middle, concluding paragraph), depth, logical flow, fines-pun understandings of the issues, integrating other creditable, scholarly, sources in your references and bibliography. So, keep away from haphazard organization, sweeping generalizations, bad grammar, typographical and spelling errors. Go for gold, and, all the best!)Please refer to these readings and other sources if you find appropriate onesCiecko, Anne Tereska. Contemporary Asian Cinema (Oxford & New York: Berg, 2006).Armes, Roy. Third World Film Making and the West (Berkeley: U. Of Calif. Press, 1987)Downing, John D. H. Film and Politics in the Third World (New York: Autonomedia, 1986).Pines, Jim & Paul Willemen, Questions of Third Cinema (London: BFI Publishing, 1989).Teo, Stephen. Asian Cinema Experience (New York and London: Routledge, 2014)

History 109 Midterm Study Guide*For the ‘study questions,’ as you probably know through past quizzes, the content of the True/False (and also fill-in-the-blank, and multiple choice questions to be found in your midterm) can be derived from these questions. Furthermore, they could also serve as short essay questions. So work on these study questions accordingly.*For the historical terms, please make sure to define and understand its relation to the main topic at hand (why is this term important for this topic). Many of these terms will likely find its way into the midterm as a ‘fill-in-the-blank’Topic 1: Old World Meets New WorldStudy questions:-what were some ‘paradigm shifts’ that occurred once the Old World and New World established contact? Explain each one briefly.-What is ‘exceptionalism”? Why is this viewpoint important when considering the eventual domination of the New World by Europe?-what is ecological imperialism, and in what ways does it disprove the following ideas: a) “European exceptionalism as justification for domination” ; b) conquest as a contingent (not necessary) event.-What were the motivations behind Spain’s conquest and settlement of the New World? Compare this with the later French and Dutch.-explain the connection between “miscegenation” and the colonial goals of the Spanish in the New World. How would this eventually affect the racial landscape of Latin America?-What is the main argument in the lecture’s discussion of the sale of Manhattan island?historical terms: Las Casas Debate; encomienda system; “civilization” discourse; “middle ground” (what does this thesis argue against?); the “Indians’ New World” (three stages); racial replacement.Textbook questions:- What is the “Black Legend”? How did this figure into later French and Dutch interactions with natives? (Feel free to google the term Black Legend for further explanation; the book should have explained more, I feel-Who were the Huguenots, and what role did they play in French settlement?-How did the French think about miscegenation?-What was the function of the Dutch ‘patroon’ system?-How did the “Hakluyt Tract” disguise English economic motives in the New World?Topic 2: Early English SettlementStudy questions:-In what ways did the English approach to settlement in the New World differ from earlier Europeans? How did such differences go on to shape the ‘American’ worldview?-explain each factor (push and pull) involved in English migration to the New World during the 1600s.-How did early capitalism, the enclosure movement, and Malthusian conditions shape the migration of indentured servants (English voluntary slaves) to the New World?-What were 2 major colonial crises during 17th century colonial America that were discussed in lecture, and how can they be analyzed in terms of race, gender, and/or class?-explain how the Puritan beliefs in predestination and “visible sainthood” connected with the belief in hard work and economic mobility (aka “capitalist ethos”).-discuss the meaning of land in the English worldview during this time, and how this connected to political status.-Compare and contrast the 3 variants of early English settlement in terms of demographics and population, economics, politics (where applicable); religion (where applicable). Hint: think of things like “what kind of agricultural systems did they use”; “what was the ratio between genders”? “which variants had more whole families migrate”? “which variants were more influenced by religion rather than economics”? And others….-explain the details of the economic theory and practice of ‘mercantilism,’ and this connects with rivalry among empires during the Age of European imperialism.Historical Terms: push vs pull factors in human migration (generally-speaking); joint-stock company; indentured servitude; “city upon a hill”; subsistence-plus farming; visible sainthood and predestination; covenant of grace; Anne Hutchinson; Malthusian conditionsTextbook questions:-What are the Navigation Acts? Important: connect the Acts to the theory and practice of ‘mercantilism’ as discussed in lecture.-how was slavery looked at by William Penn and the Quakers in Pennsylvania? What was Penn’s ideal vision for his colony?-Read the primary source titled “Recruiting Settlers to Carolina, 1666” (primary sources are found at the end of the chapter). What was the ‘head-right’ system like for the Carolina region? Why would newly-freed indentured servants want to settle in Carolina? (important: in lecture, I discussed the head-right system in Virginia, so this question asks you to compare both head-right systems).Topic 3: Slavery in VirginiaStudy questions:-distinguish between a ‘slave society’ and ‘society-with-slaves,’ and why this distinction is important in the evolution of slavery in the colonies.-describe the details of the triangular trade system-Describe how Virginia transitioned from a “servant society” (and also a ‘society-with-slaves’) to a slave society in the 1600s, focusing on Virginia lawTerms: racialized slavery; partus sequitur ventrem; perpetual slavery; middle passageTopic; 18th Century English coloniesStudy questions:-describe the enormous change happening in the colonies in terms of population, immigration; new colonies; economics.-the English colonies were marked by many differences between them (this goes back to decentralization); however they did share some unifying experiences across the board. Discuss these shared experiences, showing how they contributed to the process of democratization.-what was the enlightenment, and its core beliefs? What were some English contributions to political philosophy that would eventually influence the American revolution?Historical Terms: Great Awakening, consumerism, natural development; coverture; classical liberalism and republicanism; rule of law; public sphere; Pennsylvania Dutch; Scots Irish