History

Paper Question: Compare and contrast Boyer and Nissenbaum’s interpretation of the events in Salem in 1692 with Mary Beth Norton’s interpretation.  Which interpretation do you find more convincing?  Why?  Points to Consider: In this essay, it is possible to argue a middle ground between the two interpretations.  If you do that, you need to be extremely clear and precise about exactly what your argument is – simply saying that you agree with both historians is not an argument. Your essay needs to state the arguments of both books clearly in the body of the paper.  You should write for an audience of a smart person who has not read either book.  This approach helps you remember to include specific examples and evidence. Your response must use Boyer and Nissenbaum and Norton and may use Levack and Kors and Peters. The discussion forum exercises on Blackboard should help you with choosing examples and quotations.  This essay does not require any outside research. The essay should be 5-7 pages long.  If it is less than 5 pages, the grade will be lowered. The Grumpy Professor Sheet is attached to help answer questions about how to write a history paper.  Please feel free to contact me at any time if you have more questions. The Grumpy Professor Sheet or how to make sure I’m not grumpy when I grade your paper. The purpose of the paper is not to determine how many facts you know, but what you can do with those facts.  You should demonstrate that you can use primary documents and secondary sources to interpret a specific historical problem.  There is no right answer.  As long as you build intelligent arguments based upon the evidence available to you and do not ignore contradictory evidence, you should be fine.  This kind of writing takes you beyond simply repeating what other historians say by forcing you to think for yourself and support your own interpretations. Do not do any outside research for the papers.  Use the material that we have covered in class.  Each paper topic lays out clearly which books should be used in that paper.  Your paper should start with an introductory paragraph that clearly defines your topic and your thesis statement.  Your topic is the historical problem you are trying to solve and your thesis, which presents your argument, is your solution to that problem.    Remember, your thesis presents your argument, not just a description of the problem or a list of questions that you will ask in the body of the essay.  The argument answers the question.  I am looking for original and creative arguments that provide an interesting and complex analysis of your sources. Your paper should end with a clear conclusion that pulls together your findings and shows how they support your thesis.  If you are having trouble writing this paragraph, it may be because your thesis is not clear or not well defined, and you will have to go back and fix it. When you quote or paraphrase another source, you must provide documentation for it.  You must provide a note immediately after each piece of evidence that you present, and before any analysis of that evidence.  (In effect, your notes should help the reader to separate what the documents actually say from what you read into them.)  Your citations must use Chicago style (footnotes or endnotes with a bibliography at the end).  If you need help with the format of the footnotes and the bibliography, a good quick reference is A Pocket Style Manual by Diana Hacker, which is available in the book store or you can access http://www.chicagomanualofstyle.org/tools_citationguide.html and go to “notes and bibliography style.” Your paper must have your name, the due date, and the title printed on the first page.  Your paper must be typed and double-spaced, and you must number the pages.  Your paper must be stapled. I will grade the papers based on the following criteria: Does the paper have a clear thesis statement that states the argument? Does the argument stated in the thesis appear throughout the paper? Does the paper use enough evidence to support the argument? Is the evidence used properly cited with Chicago Manual of Style citations and does it come from appropriate sources? Does the paper analyze the evidence presented and explain why it is important? Is the paper clearly organized? Does the paper have a strong conclusion that re-states the argument and analyzes why it is important? Please proofread carefully.  I do grade on grammar, punctuation, and spelling, especially when these things interfere with our ability to understand your argument.  A paper with many grammatical errors projects carelessness and gives the impression that you did not spend very much time on it. Using somebody else’s work without proper citation is plagiarism.  Plagiarism is an academic crime, and you can be expelled from Grand Valley State University for plagiarism.  For help on correct citations, please purchase A Pocket Manual of Style by Diana Hacker from the bookstore,  If you have doubts or concerns about plagiarism, please come and talk to me. Please ask for help if you need it.  If you have questions about the topic or the materials it covers, if you want someone to take a look at a rough draft at any stage, or if you just want to discuss your ideas, please contact me.  I enjoy talking to students and look forward to helping you.

Answers must be typed. Remember to FULLY answer all parts of both essay questions. Provide specific examples from the films and support your analysis with the readings. If you need to rescreen the films you have access to them all (look at your syllabus). Ballpark on length–#1- 6-8pages; #2 – 4-6pages 1. “The task of rendering ourselves visible has, for feminist historians, entailed a process of re-reading the very notion of history: not as a series of Grand Events in the public domain, but as a constant interaction of the realms of private and public life. For women have always participated in public life, although most frequently through the mediation of domestic life. ‘The personal is political’ has by now become a truism for feminists….” Judith Mayne from Our Childhoods,Ourselves article. Discuss this idea in relation to the following films: A Girl’s Own Story, Growing Up Female, A Question of Silence, Smiling Madame Beudet, and Wasp. Compare and contrast their intentions and strategies. What is rendered visible and at what cost? What is invisible and at what cost? How is the struggle for agency represented? Many of these films deal with social relations within family life–analyze what is hidden in family life and how power is deployed. Contrast the critiques offered by these films and the forms these critiques take. Are women empowered? How? What is the movement from object to subject? Make sure to develop your discussion fully use at least 4 of your readings as sources and quotes. Construct a visual analysis of key sequences. 2. Discuss both the construction of masculinity & the construction of femininity in Dance Girl Dance and She Done Him Wrong. How do the main characters conform to or resist conventional notions of gender? How is power negotiated and deployed? Both films deal with female characters that are performers. How do they ‘perform’ their gender? How do they deal with ‘to-be-looked-at-ness? Are the films similar or not? In what ways? Make sure to quote from multiple readings to support your points and use specific examples from the films – examples from both the content of the stories and the visuals—the compositions of shots, where the camera is, how the audience is placed, etc.

Please answer two of the following questions in an organized, formal, analytical essay, of at least 800 words each. I do not want you to simply list out page after page of facts and quotes. If you do that, you will not earn a high score, because you will have written a report. You need to think about these questions, draw on what we have covered, and provide convincing answers, backed up with evidence and specific examples, and cited. Though American workers had been struggling to unionize in significant numbers since the 1860s, they were not very successful in building stable, robust national organizations until the 1930s. Why is this so, and what happened to create the conditions necessary for workers’ success in organizing labor unions?   How do we explain the rapid rise in membership, geographical spread, and power of the second Ku Klux Klan, beginning in the 1910s? (CHAPTER 7 will help with this question)

Typed, double-spaced, 12-font   NO direct quotation can be used in your answers DO NOT COPY directly from your book This is to be an individual effort so DO NOT COPY from your peer(s)     Identify the following terms stating 1) who or what the term is, 2) when, why and how the term occurred, 3) the consequence of the event, and 4) explaining the term’s historical significance.  A solid answer will integrate specific information/examples from both outside sources and your readings. Be sure to use the topic as a lens to examine the era in study.  Ask yourself, what does this event tell me about the era? Can you make any connections to the present? Look at the topic from different angles (race, gender, age, political, economic, social, cultural, environmental, religion, education, etc..) Focus on developing a unique/creative interpretation of the topic, but be sure to support your interpretation with solid evidence.              Finally, you are trying to convince me, through written conversation, that your way of thinking/analysis/interpretation is the most accurate. This is what historians call their “argument.” Because of this, historical analysis is constantly evolving. Have fun with this assignment, and I look forward to reading your thoughts! (100 points total)                 Answer ALL of the following:- Imperialism Spanish Flu (1918 Flu Pandemic) The Truman Doctrine

Directions This is your final writing assignment for this class. You will write a 3-4 page, formal, college-level paper answering ONE (1) of the following prompts. Most of these prompts include more than one question — make sure you address every aspect of the questions. You will need to use both of your textbooks (you may also use lectures) and may need additional, outside sources to flesh out your paper. You MUST cite every quote, reference, paraphrase, fact or other item requiring citation. You MUST cite using the citation style known as Turabian. Using any other format will result in you receiving a zero on your paper. If you have no citations, you will earn a zero on your paper. If you do not have a Works Cited page, you will earn a zero on your paper (do not use a reference page or a bibliography — they have specific meanings that differ from Works Cited. You are responsible for all of the style items in PG’s Writing Guide. Directions  This is your first writing assignment for this class. You will write a 3-4 page, formal, college-level paper answering ONE (1) of the following prompts. Most of these prompts include more than one question — make sure you address every aspect of the questions. You will need to use both of your textbooks (you may also use lectures) and may need additional, outside sources to flesh out your paper. You MUST cite every quote, reference, paraphrase, fact or other item requiring citation. You MUST cite using the citation style known as Turabian. Using any other format will result in you receiving a zero on your paper. If you have no citations, you will earn a zero on your paper. If you do not have a Works Cited page, you will earn a zero on your paper (do not use a reference page or a bibliography — they have specific meanings that differ from Works Cited. You are responsible for all of the style items in PG’s Writing Guide. Attach your paper, here, as a Word Document (doc or docx) or a PDF. Prompts What were some of the long-term effects of the Reagan Revolution and the rise of conservatives? Are there social issues that divided Americans most significantly during the culture wars of the 1980s and 1990s? Do we still see the remnants of these culture wars, today? What factors led to the Great Recession? In what ways are Barack Obama’s ideas regarding the economy, education, and the environment similar to those of Bush, his Republican predecessor? In what ways are they different? Has the United States become a more heterogeneous and inclusive place in the twenty-first century? If so, in what ways has it become more homogenous and exclusive? How have conservatives fared in their efforts to defend “American” culture against an influx of immigrants in the twenty-first century?

In a 2 to 3 page paper utilizing normal margins, summarize: 1. the powers of the judicial branch under the Constitution; 2. the two main judicial philosophies and how those philosophies view the power of the Court 3. one landmark case associated with each those philosophies; and 4. your view as to which philosophy is best for democracy in the United States. Your paper should be based solely on the lectures and assigned readings.

Fascism and the Origins of the Second World War.  1)What factors make fascism a unique political philosophy? 2)How did Mussolini gain power and establish a dictatorship in Italy? 3) Explain how the Weimar Republic collapsed and Hitler gained power. 4) What was the security system keeping the peace after the First World War and why did it fail? 5) What conflict started World War II? 6)  Why did Britain and France conduct a policy of “appeasement” of the dictators in the 1930s?  7) Did their motives change over time? 8) Describe the sequence of crises from 1931 to 1939 which set the scene for the Second World War and show the role that appeasement played. Please use the attached documents to write this essay do not plagiarize

KEEP THE EXAM QUESTION IN MIND AS YOU CHOOSE YOUR 5+ QUOTES FROM THE ESSAY: THREE WAYS OF MEETING OPPRESSION BY DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING, JR. Read only paragraphs 1-10. Following instructions is part of the exam. LINK: https://www.everettsd.org/cms/lib07/WA01920133/Centricity/Domain/462/11AP%20MLK%20on%20Meeting%20Oppression.pdf ANSWER THE FOLLOWING QUESTION IN A 5 PARAGRAPH ESSAY WITH A MINIMUM OF 5 QUOTES:  DR. KING MENTIONS THREE WAYS OF MEETING OPPRESSION. WHAT ARE THOSE THREE WAYS of meeting oppression, AND WHICH ONE DOES Dr. King ENDORSE?      WHY? (What are the 3 ways, the one he endorses and why?) MINIMUM OF 5 QUOTES IMPORTANT: PARAGRAPH 1 = 4-5 SENTENCES MINIMUM                           PAR. 2, 3, AND 4  = 5-6 SENTENCES MINIMUM EACH                           PAR 5 = 4-5 SENTENCES MINIMUM ANY FINAL SUBMITTED AFTER DECEMBER 13 WILL BE MARKED LATE AND LOSE POINTS. SUGGESTION: OUTLINE FOR GETTING QUOTES FIRST WRITE THE INTRODUCTION PAR. I  ACQUIESCENCE.  FOR PARAGRAPH 2       1 -2 QUOTES II VIOLENCE AND CORRODING HATRED. FOR PAR. 3       1 -2 QUOTES III NONVIOLENT RESISTANCE FOR PAR. 4          1 -2 QUOTES FINALLY, WRITE THE CONCLUSION PAR., BUT MAKE SURE TO HAVE MINIMUM OF 5+ QUOTES. DO NOT USE OUTSIDE SOURCES FOR THIS ESSAY OR PERSONAL STORIES; STAY FOCUSED SOLELY ON THE ESSAY.

Don’t use first person and must answer these questions  1). What were the Crusades 2. What was the purpose of the crusades? Give some of the background information. 3. Who participated? Why were men (and women) so willing to become involved in these events? What was the appeal and what was the benefit? 4.What was the desired outcome of the Crusades? Was this goal realized? The files I uploaded are the given sources. They don’t all need to be used (you can if you’d like) but The First Crusade file does for sure. Need at least three.

Respond to the following 2 questions in a 200+ word discussion board post. Initial responses are due Wednesday, 12/2 at 11:59pm. 2 thorough and complete responses to peers are due Thursday, 12/3 at 11:59pm. Late responses will not be graded for credit.  1. Discuss the shift in strategy post 1966 during the Long Freedom Movement. What were Black Power activists criticizing in terms of past nonviolent strategy? What were the new goals of the movement?  2. What resistance did the Black Power movement face from law enforcement, especially the FBI? What was the role of the Cold War in perpetuating this surveillance of/ violence against Black activists?