History

Objective:• Research a known historical mathematician (Examples: Euler, Newton, Leibniz, Galois, Lorentz)(20pts)• Discover the mathematician contributions to modern day mathematics(30pts)• Explain how this mathematics may have influenced modern day life or how it has effected historical events inthe world(30pts)• Discover the importance of mathematics(20pts)Must be 2- 3 pages long (the paper can be no longer than 3-pages).• Must be between 800 and 1200 words excluding citations and quotes.• Must be cited (minimum 3 citations, maximum 8 citations).

Choose one of the following topics and write a brief, three-to-four paragraph essay in response. Compare Raphael’s School of Athens with Veronese’s Christ in the House of Levi. How did each work reflect the environments of Rome or Venice?    How does allegory impact the work of Pieter Bruegel? How did their use of allegory reflect the period? Use examples to support your essay. Contrast the Elevation of the Cross by Rubens with Rembrandt’s Return of the Prodigal Son. How does each work reflect the artist and his temperament? How does each work mirror the sociopolitical environment of each artist? Evaluate the ways in which the interest in the sentimental, the heroic, and the sublime was expressed in 19th-century art. Assess the impact the Armory Show (1913) had on the American art scene. Use examples to support your essay. Assess the work of David Hammons and Juane Quick-To-See-Smith.How do these artists reflect the sociopolitical climate and how do they fit into the postmodernism environment?

Read each of the statements below, and in a brief (1-3 paragraphs) essay. evaluate the statement. Is it a true statement? If so, what evidence do you have to say so, or conversely, what evidence refutes the statement? Be sure to back up you answers with evidence from our notes, readings, and websites.   1. American workers think of themselves as a unified working class with a specific, separate set of political and economic interests.     2. Most people who work for hourly wages in the United States are satisfied with their working conditions and pay, and are content to bargain as individuals with their employers.   3. Between 1870 and 1920, skilled American workers joined forces with unskilled, immigrant factory workers to form unions and press for better conditions for all.   4. Since 1934, most U.S. companies concede that workers have the right to join unions, and allow organizing drives to take place. They believe unions are good for workers and for their companies.

WRITING ASSIGNMENT 1A: Reconstruction.   President Lincoln’s goal for reconstruction remained linked to his goal in the war-preserve the Union. His plan favored leniency, in order to as quickly as possible reintegrate the south, and gain the support of Southern Unionists (mostly former Whigs). Radical Republicans urged a much harsher course, believing that the south was unrepentant and should bear the costs of Reconstruction. INSTRUCTIONS: In order to prepare you must complete the following readings: Review the section in Chapter 17 which discusses the Black Codes, and the linked document, taken from the writings of  William A. Dunning ? . Review the relevant sections of Chapter 18: The Southern Burden and Life in the New South. Review and identify relevant information on the linked PBS American Experience site, Reconstruction The Second Civil War Utilize at least one of the linked sources to support your discussion. Identify and incorporate at least one additional outside source to support your discussion. In addition to the textbook, you may use any material outside of the textbook that is recommended in the Additional Reading section at the end of each chapter. You are also encouraged to do your own research and identify relevant sources. Please keep in mind that WIKIPEDIA is not an acceptable reference. PREPARE AND SUBMIT: Write a well-organized essay, a minimum of 700 words (but not limited to), including supporting details from the documents/textbook/other sources in which you analyze and discuss the material that has been assigned by addressing the following question: 1.)  In your opinion, were the Radical Republicans correct in their assumptions regarding the South, or could Lincoln’s approach have paved the way for a continuation of the political, social, and economic gains that African Americans had achieved during reconstruction? Support your argument(s) including information from assigned and linked readings PBS link address:  https://www.history.com/topics/american-civil-war/reconstruction (Readings In files and materials)

Persuasive essay as to “why President Obama had the legal right to execute Operation Geronimo.”  Analyze and evaluate the major points in the case study. Fully explain your stance on the topic. You are required to give an in depth introduction of your topic, provide transitional sentences from one topic to the next. The persuasive essay will be no less than three pages and no more than five pages, this does not include the APA format title and reference page. Provide a total of three references for your references page.

The paper should address the issue of a separate tax system for Ontario.  As you have learned, Ontario assesses tax by having taxpayers fill out a separate form calculating the tax.  In the past, Ontario simply determined its tax by taking a straight percentage of the federal tax, a system still used by some provinces (this approach is sometimes called a “tax-on-tax” or TOT system).  A number of years ago (about 20), Ontario went to a separate calculation, but still uses the federal definition of taxable income (this is called a “tax-on-income” or TOI system).  In contrast, Quebec has taxpayers fill out an entirely separate tax return, defining taxable income differently than the federal government does (the Quebec system has been in effect far longer than Ontario’s).  Some people think that Ontario should follow Quebec’s lead, and move to a separate tax return; other people believe that Ontario has already gone too far, and that the complications in doing separate calculations impose a needless cost on taxpayers.Your paper should begin by detailing some of the ways in which Ontario’s calculation of tax liability differs from that used by the federal government.  Look at three different taxpayers in three different income categories: a low-income taxpayer with income of $30,000; a middle-income taxpayer with income of $80,000; and a high-income taxpayer with income of $300,000.  Keep the calculations relatively simple by ignoring all deductions and credits except the basic personal amount.  That is, ignore any C.P.P. or E.I. contributions and all Ontario property and sales tax credits, as well as the Ontario tax reduction.  Compute the average and marginal tax rates for each taxpayer first for the federal system alone, and then for the provincial system alone.  In practical terms, does it matter very much (that is, would the net results for the three taxpayers be much different if Ontario simply used a TOT system rather than a TOI system)?  Is the Ontario system more or less progressive than the federal system (note that it is quite hard to compare progressivity between tax systems, so you may only be able to make some general statements here)?  In what other ways does the Ontario system differ from the federal system?  What are the advantages and disadvantages of having a separate tax calculation (as opposed to a TOT system)?You should then go back and try to determine why Ontario made this change.  This will be hard (I did not turn up much in a casual search), so it is OK to speculate on why this happened.  Do you think it was a good idea or a bad idea?  Explain your reasoning.Finally, why does Quebec go even further than Ontario in breaking its system away from the federal system?  Should Ontario move closer to the Quebec model (explain why or why not)?  Interestingly, in the area of consumption taxes, Quebec and Ontario for a long time went in opposite directions.  That is, Quebec harmonized its provincial sales tax with the G.S.T. very early on, while Ontario had a separately defined sales tax base until very recently.  Comment on this apparent paradox ? that is, on the fact that Quebec has chosen to have a less harmonized income tax, but was very quick to adopt a more harmonized sales tax.

1.  Using references to World War II era cases, provide two examples to show how the Supreme Court displayed deference to the federal government in wartime. 2.  Compare the precedents set by Ex Parte Milligand and Ex Parte Quirin in the use of military tribunals/commissions in wartime.

This is a journal entry for a college history class . It can be informal but, detailed with a 700 word minimum. The journal is not a summary but, it is a reflection or discussion based on the listed prompt. The journal should include journal-style writing that meditates on, clarifies, and analyzes the listed textbook reading, primary source, and the outside source which are all attached including the Rubic used to grade the assignment. Please make sure it is clear that all 3 sources are used to create the journal. ( including quotes from each source) Journal PROMPT:Please reflect on the the early phases of Industrialization in Europe and the formation of modern Capitalism, causes and early consequences (from textbook reading). From your reading of Wealth of Nations, what benefits does Adam Smith see to Capitalism and the modern division of labor? Do you think these ideas still hold true?

Topic: Hieronymus Bosch’s Garden of Earthly Delights was intended to be a conversation piece, a work designed to invite discussion of its meaning. If you were involved in a debate about this work’s meaning, what would your response to it be, and what actual support would you have for that response?

Essay 4:  American Justice 3-4 pages, double-spaced  Do not rely too heavily on the data, but analyze your idea. DO NOT EXCEED THE LENGTH OF YOUR PAPER, and you reference Bryan Stevenson’s Just Mercy and show your understanding of some aspect of his argument. As he tells the story of Walter McMillian, Bryan Stevenson in fact evaluates our criminal justice system, making judgments about the quality of its services and explaining how an inmate’s experience of this system in fact reflects larger ideas about American values.  He shows us many cause and effect relationships, demonstrating through personal stories that the way we talk about people matters, that the way we think about prisons matters for our own identity as Americans.  In a course focused around ideas of being an American, it is critical that we understand how condemned Americans fit into this narrative and see whether we pass the test Stevenson proposes in his introduction.  Stevenson argues that “the true measure of our commitment to justice, the character of our society…cannot be measured by how we treat the rich.”  Our true character is revealed in “how we treat the poor, the disfavored, the accused, the incarcerated, and the condemned” (18).   In this essay, take up Stevenson’s challenge to evaluate our society based on the practices of our justice system.  In other words, answer at some point the following question:   What conclusions about American values or concerns can be drawn from an analysis of the criminal justice system?   For this essay, you may focus on any issues that relate to the criminal justice system and that interest you.  These may include—but do not have to include—your thoughts on any of the following questions:   How does our criminal justice system define those who are accused of crimes in our country? How do these definitions likely impact the way the system works and its treatment of individuals? What does justice seem to mean according to the system’s aims? Based on your understanding of American values, does the system seem just? Why does the system operate this way?  What might be done to improve the system?  What obstacles might be preventing change?   You are free to investigate these or any other questions you develop according to your reading of Stevenson or your own interest in this topic.  You have few content-based requirements here.  You can focus on children, inmates, lawyers, media representation, political involvement, capital punishment practices, or any criminal justice related issues that spark your interest.   REQUIREMENTS for Essay 4: You must make an argument about some aspect of the criminal justice system. You must relate this argument to questions of American identity or American values. You must reference Bryan Stevenson’s Just Mercy and show your understanding of some aspect of his argument.  You are expected to cite him at length (rather than just one or two references/quotations). You must use 2 SOURCES that YOU FIND through your own, INDEPENDENT research.  One of these sources must be a peer-reviewed scholarly article.  The other can be another peer-reviewed text, a text that is credible but not scholarly (an op-ed, newspaper article, web article, or book chapter, for example), or a non-textual source (an interview, documentary, film, or image, for example).   Essay 4 Rubric Essay 4 Rubric Basic Requirements An essay meets the basic requirements if it meets the page length requirement, includes the correct number and type of sources, and addresses the given topic. This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Thesis / Quality of Argument Your thesis should present a clear argument about some aspect of the justice system. The best theses will use strong academic language and make a claim that is nuanced and not overly obvious or simplistic. This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Topic Sentences / Development of Argument At this stage of the course, the best essays will show a clear yet nuanced development of ideas. Strong essays will weave the iterations of the argument together as they develop and present a clear analysis of the topic/claim. Research and Quote Integration Each essay is required to reference Stevenson at length and reference two sources found through the writer’s own research (i.e., not provided by the professor for this unit). One of these must be a scholarly, peer-reviewed article. All essays must use proper MLA format for citing quoted and paraphrased material. The best essays will integrate quotations with the writer’s language rather than dropping quotes into the writer’s text without context or comment. Essays must include a properly formatted Works Cited list that includes an entry for each referenced source. This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Grammar, Writing Mechanics, and Academic Language Essays must demonstrate college-level grammar and writing mechanics. The best essays will have few if any grammatical errors and will employ complex though clear sentence structure and vocabulary. Essays must use professional academic language and avoid slang and conversational tones.