Law

1) Evidence collection can be the single most crucial process in an investigation. The evidence collection process is the foundation of the case. Evidence must be adequately photographed, collected, and documented. One of the fathers of forensic science, Edmond Locard, had a principle that states that every contact leaves a trace. Once evidence is touched, moved, or disturbed, it is never the same (Horswell, J., & Fowler, C. 2004.)Due to the importance of evidence collection, a trained individual in crime scene management is key to obtaining evidence properly and collecting the most important evidence that could lead to solving the case.A crime scene unit is a massive advantage in many ways. People in crime scene units are trained civilians and law enforcement officers in the field of forensics (Gehl, R. and Plecas, D. 2017.) They know what to look for in different types of crimes due to their training and experience. A patrol officer may not know what to look for and will most likely not have the proper equipment to look for certain types of evidence. Another advantage is that the crime scene unit can manage the scene while the investigator now has time to talk to witnesses, offenders, write search warrants, etc. An investigator for a smaller agency doesn’t have the luxury of having someone work the crime scene. The lead investigator now has to manage/ work the crime scene, talk to witness, develop leads, write search warrants, and many other things. With all of these tasks, it is easy to miss a step in the evidence collection process. One final advantage is straightforward, proper documentation. Often patrol officers skip steps when it comes to documenting evidence. This is because they do not know the importance of adequate documentation. Chain of custody can be a deal-breaker in a case in court. Crime scene techs know how to document the chain of custody properly and know the proper forms to fill out for different types of evidence examinations.With all the positives of evidence collection units, it is still impossible for most police departments to have this option. To ensure that a department’s investigators are qualified to manage a scene, they must be sent to trainings such as the National Forensic Academy or the TBI State Academy. These are options for the departments that can’t provide units dedicated to evidence collection. Also, patrol officers should be trained in basic crime scene management to preserve a scene properly until an investigator arrives. It is a patrol officer’s second nature to determine a victim, but it is not their second nature to determine pertinent physical evidence at a crime scene (Hawthorne, M. R. 1998.)Proper schooling and training could help make this a second nature.2) “Evidence -collection unit dispatches specially trained personnel to the crime scene to collect and preserve physical evidence that will later be processed at the crime laboratory”. Evidence-Collection generally begins with trained police officers, that’s usually a plus because these officers are familiar with the protocol and laws, all their needing to do is get trained for the specific area they are in. It states that every officer is usually engaged in different areas that they have to process evidence for laboratory examination. This department also must handle all body fluids and biologically stained materials with a minimum of personal contact.This is new to me only because I didn’t necessarily know that there were special units for each part in forensic or policing“Patrol officer or detective is charged with collecting the evidence” Where the officer effectiveness in the role depends on the extent of his or her training and working relationship with the lab. Pros would be that training can improve the preservation of evidence, such as educating patrol officers on the necessity. I would say that the cons would be the training while being on the clock.

In your own words, what is the Constitution?To you, what does it say about the rights of people?Rather than taking on the whole landscape, choose four “rights” and give specific evidence that it is a right and from where this right emanates. Be sure what you choose truly addresses granting rights to the people specifically and not rights that you think are implied by the wording.How would you characterize the overall position of perspective of the current United States Supreme Court (USSC)?

Regardless of the crime, a person is accused of, he or she is innocent until proven guilty. Further, everyone must be treated fairly in the system. Fairness is found in the due process right given by the 5th amendment. This means that everyone must have their “day in court” or the right to be heard. Other schools of thought state that crime control is more effective – ie if a person commits the crime, then punish them! This way, others will learn to abide by the law. What do you think is a better approach? Should the system be fair or should the system punish to teach a lesson?However, I want you to write a paper on the differences between due process and crime control. Research online, study, and write your paper in your own words and make sure you list your source of information. PAPER SHOULD BE WRITTEN IN APA STYLE WITH 2-5 SOURCES, INCLUDING IN-TEXT CIATION.

1. List the problems faced by today’s police departments that were also present during the early days of policing.Distinguish between the duties of the state police, sheriffs’ departments, and local police departments.Do you believe that the general public has greater respect for the police today than in the past? If so why? If not, why not? .What are some of the technological advances that should help the police solve more crimes? What are the dangers of these advances?Chapter 5Should the primary police role be law enforcement or community service? Explain.Should a police chief be permitted to promote an officer with special skills to a supervisory position, or should all officers be forced to spend “time in rank”? Explain your answer.Do the advantages of proactive policing outweigh the disadvantages? Explain.Explain the concept of broken windows policing. Why might it be successful?

In a 5-page paper, address the following elements: 1. Provide a description of the back ground on the topic of Human Trafficking in the United States and Abroad on which you would like to conduct a study (several paragraphs; include three sources and use quotes where applicable that demonstrate the problem exists), 2. Write a problem-statement in one short paragraph (based on first element), 3. Write a research question your study will answer (based on the problem-statement). 4. Describe and explain how Action Research will answer your research question. These elements are the beginning of Chapter 1 Introduction for your thesis paper; see course for details).Note: An element of this opening assignment is to begin a literature search. You will identify an issue or problem that requires a solution; review existing literature (professional articles, other studies, etc.) that lends evidence to there being a problem as well as suggestions for solutions. From this you will construct a research question (week 2) and design a basic study to answer these questions (weeks 3-5). Your effort here should be as complete as possible at this time as it constitutes Chapter One: Introduction of your thesis paper (the more complete this section is written now the less you will have to do in the later part of this course).Use APA format (e.g., TR, 12 pt type). Include a reference page with a minimum of three sources for each of the two sections or a total of six references (use in-text citations pertaining to these sources).

The purpose of this case study is to research and complete a thorough analysis of the Exclusionary Rule. Your paper will summarize the Exclusionary Rule and analyze the concepts below.Your paper should discuss the following questions:1) What is the Exclusionary Rule?2) How was it created?3) Why was it created?4) What is the purpose of the Exclusionary Rule?5) Why does it only apply to criminal cases and not to civil cases?6) Is the Exclusionary Rule effective in achieving the stated reasons for its creation? Are there better alternative ways to achieve that goal?7) Does the rule deter law enforcement from conducting illegal searches and searches in violation of the U.S. Constitution and the Fourth Amendment?8) What parameters and remedies are in place to prevent violation of the exclusionary rule?9) What is qualified immunity, and how does it directly correlate with the exclusionary rule?10) What impact did Mapp v. Ohio and the United States v. Leon have on the Exclusionary Rule?Your paper should be a minimum of three pages, but no more than five, not counting title and reference pages. Make sure that you divide the paper using APA section headings and that you directly respond to each part of the question and are accurate and complete. At least six sources must be used and must be scholar and peer-review. Use APA format for your paper, including all references and in-text citations.

Micah rented an apartment in a relatively safe neighborhood called the Jericho. The door to Micah’s apartment had both a standard lock and a deadbolt. When Micah left for work, he always engaged both locks. After a year of living in Jericho, Micah found that a burglar had broken into his apartment by breaking both locks. The burglar either broke or stole most of Micah’s possessions. Micah notified the building owner Stanley. The building owner had the locks repaired. The repairs, however, were not properly done. The door, even when locked, could be opened if someone jiggled on the handle. Micah complained frequently about the condition of the locks, but the owner took no additional action. A burglar broke into Micah’s apartment a second time, stealing his new furniture and flat screen TV. Micah sued the building owner for the losses from both burglaries. How would a court decide?

17-year-old Peter broke into a home, stole approximately $10,000 in jewelry and electronics, and consumed a bottle of wine before he fled the scene in a stolen car. The police stopped Peter after noticing him swerving, speeding, and then slowing down on the interstate highway. During the stop, police saw the “loot” stashed in the back seat of Peter’s car and suspected that he was involved in more than driving while intoxicated. Peter was properly arrested and booked for the driving-while-intoxicated charge.The police believe Peter’s fingerprints will match those discovered at the burglary scene and are likely to charge him with burglary and larceny as well as grand theft auto. Peter’s parents have been contacted and are debating whether he should retain counsel because they are struggling financially. To complicate matters, Peter fully admitted to the charges before his parents were contacted. Since it’s Peter’s first time in the juvenile justice system, neither he or his parents know what to expect. What is likely to happen? Will Peter have to go to court or trial? If so, what can he expect in the court process? 

General Instructions Brattlebury Corporation makes a wide range of pharmaceutical, nutritional, and medical products. The Viatex Corporation makes plastic bottles in which Brattlebury packages some of its pharmaceutical pills and vitamins for distribution. Viatex has been a supplier to Brattlebury for ten years, and the relationship has been advantageous for both companies. The value of the contract for the last five years has averaged $30 million annually. In recent years, Brattlebury has faced pressure to cut costs, as sales have remained flatter than expected. Last year, in response to a survey of its suppliers, Brattlebury realized that its RFP process was often onerous, and that this inefficiency ended up costing both parties because of the significant time required to complete a proposal every two years. This year, Brattlebury is implementing a method for developing strategic relationships with suppliers that are important to Brattlebury, either because of the size of the contract or because of the importance of the goods they supply. Brattlebury has identified Viatex, its principal supplier of bottles, as a strategic relationship. Brattlebury is willing to make the following grand bargain with its strategic partners: longer contracts (meaning no need to complete new proposals every two years) in return for reducing Brattlebury’s costs by 5% annually. In addition, Brattlebury management has agreed to look creatively and collaboratively at ways that it can change Brattlebury’s specifications and requirements to help strategic suppliers drive down costs. Last year, Brattlebury represented half of Viatex’s business. Viatex has four other clients, and Viatex’s annual revenues are approximately $60 million, with $5 million in profit. Both sides stand to gain significantly by completing or evaluating RFPs every five years instead of every other year. Over the last few months, both parties have identified things that could be done to drive down costs. They have assembled a list of improvements, and each has agreed that the steps identified are feasible in theory. Meanwhile, each side has assessed the actual costs and savings involved with making each change that has been proposed. The changes are: 1. Viatex could use a cheaper plastic made from Resin 242. This new resin is considerably less expensive for Viatex to source than the resin it now uses, but it carries a slightly higher instance of cracks and blemishes in finished bottles. 2. Brattlebury could change bottle specifications so that all bottles ordered from Viatex would come in one of two sizes rather than in one of the five sizes currently produced. 3. Brattlebury could take a regular minimum shipment each month. Viatex stores Brattlebury’s inventory when Brattlebury doesn’t need as many bottles. Brattlebury has better storage options and rates than Viatex, which is smaller and located in a state with higher storage costs. 4. Brattlebury could agree to minimum and maximum quantities for delivery each quarter, which would prevent Viatex from having to lay people off during slow periods and hire and train people during peaks (which is expensive for Viatex). 5. Brattlebury could assume responsibility for shipping, as it has very good shipping rates with a private transport company. 6. Viatex could do fewer quality-control checks at its plant, saving money, if Brattlebury assumed more liability for product defects once bottles were shipped to pharmacists. In principle, these all seem like good possibilities for saving money and adding value. Both sides have danced around one final issue: How should joint savings be distributed? Brattlebury has made clear that is must have 5% savings per year. This means that for this year, based on a $30- million contract, Brattlebury and Viatex must find $1.5 million for Brattlebury, in order to protect the strategic relationship status that Viatex now enjoys. Today, Brattlebury representative J. Williams and Viatex representative T. Burton are meeting to seek agreement about what steps to take and how savings will be allocated. Your goal, as one of these parties, is to reach agreement with your counterpart on: 1) Which initiatives to formalize in the new contract, and 2) How savings will be distributed. Confidential Instructions for Brattlebury Background To get strategic supplier status, Viatex must agree to save you 5% annually. If it can’t do that, Viatex cannot be one of your strategic suppliers. You have enjoyed working with Viatex over the years. Their products are high quality and their work is delivered on time. You hope they are ready to agree to these changes. You know that Viatex made $5 million in profit last year, an 8% profit margin, though the industry standard is 5%. You think Viatex is doing well, and that it is in a position to share some of those profits with you. Beyond this, your boss has suggested that if you can get significantly higher than 5% savings guaranteed, you could be next up for a promotion. This has motivated you to try to get high profit margins, but it isn’t something you want to share with T. Burton at Viatex, since it is a personal, rather than an organizational, interest. You estimate that if Brattlebury’s RFP process occurred every five years instead of every two years, Brattlebury would save $300K per year. You know that Viatex has struggled when Brattlebury’s order sizes fluctuate, and you are hoping that a few adjustments in how you do business could result in the significant savings you are seeking. Issues You can make as many or as few of the following changes as you want to make. Your thinking is as follows about the given options: 1. Viatex could use Resin 242, a new resin that is considerably cheaper for Viatex to source but which carries a slightly higher instance of cracks and blemishes in finished bottles. • This seems like a very promising idea to you, and your market analysis suggests that it would save Viatex $800K annually. Your quality-control team will be very concerned unless there are terms in this deal that address issues of quality. • 2. Brattlebury could change the specifications so that all bottles ordered from Viatex would come in one of two sizes (there are now five sizes). • You think that two sizes are plenty, but you expect your vice president for marketing and sales will be furious with you and accuse you of damaging the brand and possibly costing the company sales. Furthermore, this VP is very good friends with your boss, and you fear what s/he could do to you if you cause him/her much difficulty. Years ago, Brattlebury moved from seven to five bottle sizes without a change in revenue. You might be willing to agree to this option if it makes sense for Viatex, but it will be a headache for you. 3. Brattlebury could agree to maintain surplus inventory during months when demand lags, instead of Viatex storing bottles (at considerable cost) during those down times.. Brattlebury has better storage options and rates than Viatex, which is smaller and located in a state with higher storage costs. • It is hard for you to argue with Viatex’s logic (that it is bearing the cost of inconsistent demand for your product). But the fact is, your vice president for manufacturing wants to maintain the current level of flexibility. So before you make the argument for this option, you would need to be sure it carries demonstrable savings. This would cost Brattlebury $50,000 a year, and you think it would mean substantial savings for Viatex, but you aren’t sure how much. 4. Brattlebury could agree to minimum and maximum quantities for delivery each quarter, so Viatex could avoid laying people off during slow periods and hiring and training people during peaks (which is expensive for Viatex). • This option would give your vice president of manufacturing more flexibility. Looking over data for the last several years, it is apparent that each quarter, your orders are all about the same size. You estimate that this option could save Viatex $600,000, but it leaves you with some risk. On the one hand, if demand spikes, you could be caught short of product; on the other hand, if demand lags, you might incur storage costs. You estimate that these risks could cost Brattlebury $200,000 annually. 5. Brattlebury could assume responsibility for shipping (it has very good shipping rates with a private transport company). • This option would be relatively painless for you, since you already have a big shipping department, and your shipping costs are significantly lower than Viatex’s. You have been reimbursing Viatex $600,000 to cover annual shipping costs. If you took responsibility for bottle shipments, you would only have to pay $300,000 a year – an annual savings of $300,000. 6. Viatex could do fewer quality-control checks at its plant, which would save money, if Brattlebury assumes more liability for product defects once bottles are shipped to pharmacists. • This option guarantees some upfront savings while the risks of damage are further out. Your increased insurance to cover this liability would cost $100,000 a year. Instructions You must come up with a plan that you think will guarantee you $1.5 million in savings this year. If you cannot, Viatex may not be able to maintain strategic supplier status. Even if it takes a bit of effort, you are interested in any action that will get you the savings, because it could lead a promotion. Remember that just by saving $1.5 million, you also save $300,000 a year in costs associated with evaluating the RFPs. This number should be included in overall savings calculations.

Beginning with Executive Order (EO) 13873 signed on May 5, 2019, analyze President Trump’s declaration of a national emergency in regards to securing the information and communications technology and services supply chain. Your paper should clearly discuss the EO’s possible impact on the National Security agenda of protecting citizens from foreign national terrorists while evaluating agency implementation, and the role federal, state, local, and tribal governments to support your argument. All requirements of prompt and format must be met to receive full credit. Grades are based on the following: Pros vs cons on the EO; Recommendation to your superior on the implementation; What will be the outcome by the Supreme Court, and why; Four (4) pages; Grammar and compliance to APA (6th) including citations and reference page; Double spaced; and Times New Roman, 12 point font.