Law

For this essay, you’ll be working with both a primary text and a variety of secondary texts (critical articles or book chapters analyzing an aspect of your chosen text and/or its historical, cultural, or political context). Step One: Decide on a text and a topic. Your primary text can be any of the following texts we’ve read this semester: Belinda Sutton, “Petition to the Massachusetts General Court” (1783) David Walker, excerpts from Appeal to the Colored Citizens of the World (1829) Frederick Douglass, “Oration on the Unveiling of the Freedmen’s Monument” (1876) James Baldwin, “The Creative Process” (1962) Audre Lorde, “Poetry is Not a Luxury” (1977) Paule Marshall, “From the Poets in the Kitchen” (1983) Toni Morrison, “Peril” (2019) After you’ve chosen a text, choose a topic. This can be anything: a theme, an aspect of historical or social context, the author’s biography, etc. that you find interesting in your text, so long as you can find adequate critical context on this issue. Step Two: Use the RBC library databases and/or Google Scholar to find scholarly sources (chapters in books published by academic presses, articles in peer-reviewed journals) that relate to your topic. You will need to choose 3 sources. Step Three: Read your sources, then write an essay that sums up and engages your findings. Format your essay according to these guidelines. Introduction: Establish the parameters of your topic. What text did you choose? What do the articles have in common? What issues and ideas do they discuss, and why are they important? What’s at stake in the consideration of this topic, and to whom? (This should be 2-3 paragraphs long) Source 1: Summarize your first article or chapter. Identify the author and article title, and state the main points and purpose of the text. Make sure you’re describing what the author is arguing and the types of evidence they use in order to make their claims. (1-2 well-developed paragraphs) Source 2: Summarize your second article or chapter. Identify the author and article title, and state the main points and purpose of the text. Make sure you’re describing what the author is arguing and the types of evidence they use in order to make their claims (1-2 well-developed paragraphs) Source 3: Summarize your second article or chapter. Identify the author and article title, and state the main points and purpose of the text. Make sure you’re describing what the author is arguing and the types of evidence they use in order to make their claims (1-2 well-developed paragraphs) Conversation: Analyze the overall effects of these sources’ arguments. What, when taken together, do they lead you to conclude about the topic? What resolution(s)/development(s) do you see emerging after reviewing these arguments? What kind of specific evidence do you see in your primary text that guides you to either accept or reject a critic’s reading? (This should be at least 4-5 paragraphs) Style Guidelines: Use MLA style guidelines to format in-text citations and compose a works cited section. For a detailed overview of the unit 3 essay, watch this video of the zoom lecture/discussion about the essay. To watch the video, enter passcode: q=r7%3e6

Description1) Research online assignment are in12 font size and Time New Roman or Arial (usually) and are double spaced with a1 inch margin, (top, bottom, right, and left). Do not use italics or bold print.Citing Information:1) Cite where information has come from within the assignment using APA format.*********Please complete in paragraph format please*************Online Research Assignment 41. * Determine the current U.S. national and, for a state of your choice, any current state minimum wage. If the state has a minimum wage lower than the federal standard, which one applies to employers for workers in that state? Explain. If the state has a minimum wage than the federal standard, analyze the effect of that higher rate on the state`s economy.2. * For a nation other than the U.S., identify laws setting minimum wages employers are required to pay employees. Compare and contrast these to the U.S. laws on that topic discussed in this chapter.3. *Identify a U.S. air carrier that is currently operating with no labor union certified to represent any of its employees and where no union organizing effort is known to be underway. How long has that carrier been in operation? Identify factors you believe account for that carrier being non-union.

Look at Henry David Thoreau’s “Resistance to Civil Government.”  He claims that it is not just our right as Americans, but it is also our duty to defy unjust laws.  This is a very American idea.  Part of the American identity involves intervening in the face of injustice.  Do you agree with this point?  What boundaries should exist to those interventions?  Support your claims using “Resistance to Civil Government” AND Robert Frost, “Mending Wall,300 words minimum (excluding quotations and citations) MUSTInclude two properly and integrated quotations (one from each work) to support your claims.  You may use either direct or paraphrased quotes.

Observational research designs are useful when we want to explore and describe new relationships between our variables of interest, or for when we want a study that is high in external validity, and as such focuses on how people behave naturally in the real world.  There are some potential sources of error when designing observational research, including: ·       Reactivity-which is a tendency for people to behave differently when they know they are being observed ·       Observer bias- this occurs when researchers collect and measure their data in a way that fits their hypothesis, (perhaps they see ‘what they want to see’) Our task for this week is to design an observational research design to help us learn something about Wrongful Convictions and DNA Exonerations for our literature review.  Generally speaking, the different classes of observational designs include: ·       Natural or systematic observation, where we observe people’s behavior and collect data ·       Use of preexisting data, such as archival research or a meta-analysis, where we use the web to collect observations on available information about our topic ·       Case studies, where we take an in-depth look or review at a specific individual, organization, or situation to see what it may teach us about our topic Our goal is to design a research scenario that is observational in nature, and then to collect data, and write-up a review of what we have learned.  To complete your observational mini-study, please: 1.     Select an observational design and determine what data you will collect, when and where you will collect your data, and how you will define your variables of interest. 2.     After collecting your data, please write-up a 2-3 page review of the following and submit to complete your observational mini-study: a.      What observational research method did you choose and why?  What are some of the advantages and disadvantages of this method and how might they have influenced the results of your study? b.     What, if any, potential ethical considerations may have come up as a result of conducting your study?  (For example privacy, informed consent, anonymity, etc.) c.      The results of your study-what data did you collect, and what might these results mean?  Were you surprised by any of your observations? d.     The implications of your observations and your research question.  What did your results teach you about your topic?  Did you notice any problems in validity or reliability that might have impacted your results or the conclusions you can make from this study?          References   Dioso-Villa, R., Julian, R., Kebbell, M., Weathered, L., & Westera, N. (2016). Investigation to exoneration: A systemic review of wrongful convictions in Australia. Current Issues in Criminal Justice, 28(2), 157-172. Hessick, C. B. (2017). DNA Exonerations and the Elusive Promise of Criminal Justice Reform. Ohio St. J. Crim. L., 15, 271. LaPorte, G. E. R. A. L. D. (2017). Wrongful convictions and DNA exonerations: Understanding the role of forensic science. NIJ Journal, 279, 250705. Liptak, A. (2007, July 23). The study of wrongful convictions raises questions beyond DNA (Published 2007). Retrieved from Meterko, V. (2016). Strengths and Limitations of Forensic Science: What DNA Exonerations Have Taught Us and Where to Go From Here. West Virginia Law Review, 119(2), 8. Ramsey, R. J., & Frank, J. (2007). Wrongful conviction. Crime & Delinquency, 53(3), 436-470. doi:10.1177/0011128706286554 Santos, F. (2007, Jul 03). Playing Down DNA Evidence Contributed to Wrongful Conviction, Review Finds. New York Times http://mylibrary.wilmu.edu/login?url=https://www-proquest-com.mylibrary.wilmu.edu/docview/433637123?accountid=40461 Smith, B., Zalman, M., & Kiger, A. (2009). How justice system officials view wrongful convictions. Crime & Delinquency, 57(5), 663-685. doi:10.1177/0011128709335020 Zalman, M. (2006). Criminal justice system reform and wrongful conviction. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 17(4), 468-492. doi:10.1177/0887403406292740

Hi you wrote me last time this is the same class. Got B on that paper though TT I need a bit better paper than last one!Term Paper 21.According to Lisa Lowe in Chapter 1 of her book, how are chattel slavery, indentured Asian labor, and Indigenous dispossession interconnected forms of colonialism? What does she mean by “intimacies of four continents”? Please provide at least 3 examples of these connections between groups and continents.2.According to Lowe, what is “Bourgeois Intimacy” and how has it allowed for the expansion of a wealthy and elite class? How according to Lowe is liberalism connected to the creation of the British (and later American) Empires? What are some examples of contemporary benefits that upper-class individuals and groups benefit from as a result of “Bourgeois Intimacy” and liberal ideas about capitalism?3.According to Lowe in chapter 3, why is it necessary to conceive of settler colonialism, slavery, indentured servitude, imperial war, and trade together, as “braided parts of a world process” that involved Europe, Africa, Asia, and the Americas, permitting an optic on early nineteenth-century liberalism and empire? In other words, how do the various political moves of European colonists in Africa, Asia, and the Americas become inter-dependent upon one another? How do ideas of “free trade” and “free market” come to exist and do you see any problems with the idea of “free” being used in this colonial context that used unpaid, forced slave labor and violent land dispossession as a means of creating “free markets and trade systems”?4.How might you trace objects we see today as being founded upon the intimacies of four continents? How do products like cell phones, computers, and internet have a genealogy that is connected to unfreedoms in the global south, on occupied and desecrated Indigenous land, under the delicate ecosystems of the Pacific Ocean? In your own communities? In other words, how do land and labor continue today to produce objects, goods, services and resources that manipulate/exploit the labor of Asian, African, and Indigenous (including Latinx Indigenous peoples) in the U.S. and abroad? (Please use a few quotes from Lowe to support your ideas).

What were the origins of World War I, and what factors led the United States to enter the Great War? Discuss the various alliances, and how they contributed to the conflict, which was to end all conflicts.   A 5 paragraph essay will work best.

-What are property crimes (give examples) what is the main difference between property crimes and White Collar crimes? Briefly discuss the concept of Cyber crime and its development

Much of the world was colonized by various European countries. Now, many of the former colonies are struggling economically and politically. Why? What is the legacy of colonialism they are dealing with? Should the former colonizers help their former colonies to bring them out of the periphery (based on a moral and/or legal obligation)?

In a response of 150 words to 200 words, please explain what you think happened to cause the U.S. Supreme Court to overturn the separate but equal doctrine that had been established in the Plessy v. Ferguson case through the first Brown v. Board of Education case? How did the court in 1896 come to the conclusion that accommodations could still be equal if they were separate? Why was the court so insistent in 1954 that even if accommodations were equal, they nevertheless conferred racially stigmatizing treatment against African Americans and others as a consequence of separate accommodations? Also, explain how the Ninth Circuit overturned the separate but equal practice in California with respect to separating Mexican American students from others without overturning the separate but equal doctrine? Why did the N.A.A.C.P. first challenge the separate but equal doctrine at the college level rather than K-12? Despite the court’s ruling in Brown v. Board of Education, how did states continue to impose the separate but equal doctrine in schools and other accommodations? Therefore, explain the significance of the second Brown v. Board of Education case in terms of integrating schools? Also, describe what actions President Eisenhower had to take in response to Governor Orval Faubus’ use of the Arkansas National Guard to block integration at Little Rock Central High School? What position did the court take in the case Cooper v. Aaron? Also, what was the significance of the interstate commerce clause with respect to Title II of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the court’s rulings in Heart of Atlanta Motel, Inc. v. United States and Katzenbach v. McClung?

must back your summary up with brief quotations every now and then to show us where you’re seeing your interpretation (with page numbers).1. Summarize  “Passing” Chapters 6-12, explaining the increasing tensions he experiences, the causes of that tension, why it keeps increasing, various opportunities he receives (and how he got them), and why he finally ends up in “Purgatory,” and what purgatory means for him, using brief phrases as quotes to back up your points. You might consider: In Chapters 6-11, what obstacles does Vargas encounter in trying to pursue employment in his field? What strategies does he use to overcome these? In Chapter 10, what new direction does he go in, and why?  What are some examples of an opportunity he had to pass up because of his documentation status? What’s at least one lucky break he got, for example in Chapter 11?2. Summarize Chapt. 13-17.  How does his view of himself change and how does that relate to how people relate to him in public?  You might check out the article he mentions in Chapt. 17https://www.nytimes.com/2011/06/26/magazine/my-life-as-an-undocumented-immigrant.html  .You’ve seen this before. Do you think he really considers himself an outlaw?  Be sure to cover in depth the end of Chapt. 17  (page 132-on in the print book). Explain how he explains three different kinds of legislation in the 1960s and how he thinks they are related to one another. On page 133, why do you think it’s so important to him that Kennedy believed in a nation of immigrants? Why do you think he cites this book to his readers; is he trying to persuade a certain kind of reader, and if so, how? What effect did Kennedy’s legislation bring to the United States? On page 134, what are the “white supremacist…phrases” he notes?  At the end of the chapter, he notes three kinds of people who do not fit into the “immigrant” narrative that he’s writing: Puerto Ricans (how are these similar to Filipinos?), African Americans and Native Americans. Explain how these last two in particular don’t fit into the narrative that “everyone is an immigrant.”3. Respond: the text and you: In these chapters, what stood out to you in particular, and why? Was there an aspect that resonated with you?