Literature

NOTE: PLEASE FOLLOW ALL INSTRUCTIONS.
GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS FOR DISCUSSIONS: Your contributions should be thoughtful and developed. Answer all parts of the question and use concepts from the course materials. Use a professional style of communication, with attention to grammar, spelling, and typos; cite your sources.

Unless your instructor specifies otherwise, choose ONE of the following questions, and give a substantive response to at least two other students.

1. FICTION & FIGURATIVE LANGUAGE

Choose three of the pieces of fiction in the Learning Resources, identify the use of specific literary language in each, and explain how it expresses one of the character’s feelings or thoughts, functions to convey the mood of a character, or conveys the overall tone or theme of the story.

Make sure to include a specific quote from each piece of fiction and to use one interpretative tool from the Learning Resources or Module introduction that refers to figurative language in your analysis for each (for example, metaphor, simile, hyperbole etc.) in your analysis. Underline or bold any interpretative tools in your post.

2. POETRY & IMAGERY

For each of the three poems in the Learning Resources (“Far Memory,” “You,Doc Martin,”, “A Bride in the 30s”) identify some specific imagery used by the poet and explain how this imagery conveys additional meaning about the subject or creates a unique perspective on the subject through appealing to the senses.

Make sure to include a specific quote or line from each poem and in your analysis, and to use at least one interpretative tool from the Learning Resources or Module introduction in your analysis. Underline or bold any interpretative tools in your post.

3. POETRY & FICTION THEMES

Pick one of the poems or stories from the Learning Resources and identify a key theme of the work. Using the tools you have gathered in Discussion 1.1 about literary language, imagery etc. carefully analyze and interpret your poem or story as an expression of this theme. Choose three specific quotes or lines from the piece of work and show how each exemplifies this theme through its use of literary language.

Make sure to use an interpretative tool that refers to figurative language for each (for example, metaphor, simile, hyperbole, imagery etc.) in your analysis. Underline or bold all of the interpretative tools in your post.

Please read the excerpt from the Malleus Maleficarum (Part I – Chapter VI pages 1-4). How did the author feel about women and how did he justify his viewpoint?

Also, please refer to the Witch Craze lecture posted and the textbook to answer the following questions:

Define the Witch Craze in Europe.
Do you think it was just one event that lead to the violence in the Craze or was it a conglomeration of events happening simultaneously? (hint refer to the lecture, there are six of major ‘contextual’ areas).
Do you think that the climatic changes may have increased the stress levels in people? There is no wrong answer, just support your ideas with examples.
What were the differing views of witches in Antiquity, the Middle Ages, and Modern?
What was the Malleus Maleficarum? How many sections were there? What were the titles of each section? (Hint refer to the lecture pdf.)
The paper has to be between 3-5 pages, double spaced, and 12 point font. Be sure to use examples for every idea that you have and cite those examples in either MLA or Chicago format.

write a 2 to 3 paper that connects a primary source to one of our literary texts. You should locate a primary source document (a book, newspaper article, a government document) is relevant to the topic and written within 10 years of the literary texts. In one short paragraph he will summarize the content of the primary source. you will then apply the information from the primary source to literary text, explaining how the contemporary conversations regarding the selected topic illuminates or clarify the literary text. You should integrate quotations from the primary source and the literary text to show how their discussion of the select a topic compares and contrasts. The paper should be 12 point Times new Roman font and DoubleSpace

Evaluation and Explanation of a Problem Paper
Purpose: In this type of writing you are going to describe the problem, convince the reader the problem needs solving, explain the solution proposal, argue that this is the best solution and refute objections.

What your paper needs to do:

1.Interest your reader in the problem
2.Convince your reader that the problem is important and needs to be solved
3.Explain your solution clearly
4.Convince the reader that your solution is cost-effective and feasible
5.Convince your reader that your solution is better than other solutions

Introduction to your paper: In the introduction, you need to describe the problem and explain why it needs to be solved and then give your thesis solution. Remember:
•If it is an unknown problem, you will need to explain in detail.
•If it is a familiar problem, then you need to paint a vivid picture.
•In both situations, you will need to convince the reader that it is an important problem.
•State your thesis question

Body Paragraphs: The body of your paper must:
1.Explain your solution clearly
2.Give details about how this solution will solve the problem
3.Explain who will be in charge and how it will be funded
4.Give evidence that your solution will work (expert opinion, examples of when it has worked before, statistics, studies, or logical argument)
The body of

your paper will also seek to argue that your solution:
1.Will solve the problem.
2.Is cost-effective.
3.Is feasible to implement.
4.Is a reasonable solution to the problem.
5.Can stand up to possible objections.
6.Is better than other solutions.

In order to make a convincing argument, you will need to consider objections to your plan carefully and refute them logically with argument and/or evidence.

Conclusion: Your conclusion will be one or more paragraphs. For an excellent ending, you want to clinch your argument and convince your reader that your solution is the best.

1.Tell the reader what should happen.
2.Give a description of how the situation will change if your plan is adopted.
3.Use the end of the frame story to show how the solution is needed or how it will work.
4.Give a real-life example or scenario showing adoption of your plan and how it works.
5.Cite convincing facts, statistics, or expert testimony on the solution or the problem.

Paper Requirements:
1.12 font, double spaced, Ariel, New Times Roman, or Cambria.
2.APA Format (cover page and header)
3.3-5 pages can be more pages but not less that is 3 full pages.
4.Reference page and in-text citations
5.Need at least three-five sources

This is a GENDER AND CULTURE essay and so it needs to have the following:
-Evidence of confident knowledge and understanding of primary texts, and diligent critical reading. The essay will use primary and secondary material with growing critical awareness.
-thesis: Sexton uses (and is known as such a writer) confessional style narrative and vulgar, grotesque language to detail the journey of the beast in parallel to gender/sexuality construction by the patriarchal society. Strategically, Sexton’s confessional style and grotesque becomes a covert literary device that empowers women; the vulgar words are reality- biological, functional, given to the process of maturation by the patriarchy. But words only women know the meaning of/experience and which ultimately turns men off reading her work (this itself is quite resistant!). This ‘female voice’ is used
to empower women to understand what they possess and to reclaim their sexuality (Towards the end of the poem and particularly the last line ‘i burn the way money burn’.
-Essay considerations:

-historical context needs to be woven through the argument: confessional poetry and broader social themes relating to it, and its focus on the personal/I,. how does this relate to the poem?

-critical engagement with author’s contemporary Sylvia Plath (to show how confessional poetry was used by women to show the social realities of the twentieth century. though Plath approached it in a different way to Sexton.
-loss permeates the poem to signify innocence of childhood to the gendered practices of adulthood. Line ‘But your hands found me like an architect’= society is the architect? gender is a social construct? Judith Butler is an academic voice on this discourse.

-the functionality of the breast, like other aspects of the female form are largely defined by sources (men, children, society) with the breast viewed as a source of of wonder, pleasure, sensual delight, pain, humiliation and anguish. food ( this is what is meant by the first line of the poetry ‘It is the key to everything’). Sexton redefines its function at the end of the poem where the first line ties to the last (women possess the key to everything- money is not ‘burnt’ (spent) through it’s own doing, but that of the possessor- likewise women can choose how they ‘burn (spend/choose- and not be defined by society)

-The use lexical repetitions to emphasise these significant image; (i, your, here) are repeated.

Choose a topic that is of interest to you about an issue concerning a current social issue or modern technology and write an essay in which you take a position on that issue. Your main goal in this researched essay is to present your findings on the topic, present your position on the topic, and finally, show your audience why they should care about the topic. You must have a minimum of six primary and/or secondary sources. A minimum of two of your sources need to be scholarly, academic journal articles. Some suggestions for topics might be the benefits created or problems caused by social media, the benefits created or problems caused by driverless vehicles, the benefits created or problems caused by the use of robots and other automation/technology in industry, police departments, or the military.

Your argument should contain all of the genre’s features listed here:

An explicit position
A response to what others have said or done
Appropriate background information
A clear indication of why the topic matters
Good reasons and evidence
Attention to more than one point of view
An authoritative tone
An appeal to readers’ values

Introduction
Establish importance of issue
Establish credibility
State position: Explicit thesis statement
Body
Provide necessary background information
Reasons and evidence to support position
Acknowledge possible counterarguments and refute them
Conclusion
Summarize arguments
Elaborate on implications
Make clear what audience to do in response
Any essay that does not include In-Text Documentation and a Works Cited list will receive a grade of 0.

Any essay that contains a Works Cited list, but lacks In-Text Documentation will not receive a grade higher than 50%.

Other Requirements

Page Count: 6 full double spaced pages, Times New Roman font. (Your Works Cited page does not count toward the page count for your essay.)

Use MLA Style heading for essays without cover pages. Be sure to include headers that contain your last name and page number for each page. Be sure to double space entire essay.

You must use at least six sources (minimum of 2 academic journal articles) in writing this essay. Essay will include a works cited entry for the articles used in writing this essay.

This is just an outline. For your final exam, please submit a presentation like PowerPoint or Google Slide with all of the information.

Presentation Outline

Title – Growing Up in the West Indies –

Introduce stories and short plot summary (no more than two sentences each)

Part 3. The Final Project
Pedagogical Plan, Slide Deck, and Self-Assessment Memo
Part 3 consists of three items: A) The Pedagogical Plan; B) The Slide Deck and C) Self-Assessment Memo (each described below). You will be required to post a draft of your pedagogical plan and slide deck by the third day of the academic week of Week 8 for the weekly discussion assignment. Replies to two classmates will be due by the fifth day of the academic week for Week 8. The final submission of all three items (A, B, and C) is due by the last day of class, end of Week 8 by 11:30 PM ET.

A) The Pedagogical Plan. The pedagogical plan allows you the opportunity to develop your approach to teaching and learning the concepts. Read the article from the National Council of Teachers of English’s English Journal on “Teach the How: Critical Lenses and Critical Literacy.” It presents some suggestions, yet you do not have to follow the article’s approach; indeed, you should not copy them. The article is presented as an example of teaching critical theory to an audience, especially through the development of an activity.

You should be able to execute your entire pedagogical plan in a 45-50-minute class period (approximately). The plan will be prepared and submitted as a Word document in MLA style. The plan consists of the following sections, which you may use as headings and sub-headings in your document:

Learning Objectives: List the objectives you want your students to be able to do/understand after the end of the class. You should have at least three but no more than five.

Instruction: The instructional portion of your plan should take 10-15 minutes. The instructional content should consist of the following:

Introduce the literary text. Present a brief overview of the literary text. The students would have finished reading the text prior to class.

Introduce critical theory and your chosen theory. Give some background on critical theory, in general. Then, summarize the basic concepts of the theory you have chosen, placing it in the context of literary theory, and describe why you chose that particular critical approach.

Statement of thesis and supporting points. Your polished thesis statement must be stated in one sentence. The thesis statement must explicitly give the WHY and the HOW for your theory application to the text. Supporting points should follow, including brief textual examples. Provide citations.

Terminology. List relevant terminology, including definitions. Include any words relevant to your chosen theory and literary analysis. Refer back to your Audience Analysis to consider what they may know and not know. Use material from the course’s Learning Resources and your Annotated Bibliography. Provide citations.

Activity: The activity should take 10-15 minutes. Your activity should engage the students while allowing them to apply the theory to the text. Write out the activity step-by-step in your plan. If any special materials will be needed for the activity, please also note them. Allow time for the students to share their activity results with the rest of the class. Break down the activity into timed portions.

Follow-up Questions: The follow-up portion of the activity should take around 5-10 minutes. Construct 5 follow-up questions to ask of the students after the activity. The questions should help the students understand what they just did. Provide sample answers of your own in case you may need them.

B) The Slide Deck. The slide deck (prepared in PowerPoint, Google Slides, Prezi, e.g.) should consist of 5-8 content slides (excluding title slide and Works Cited slide). The slides are meant to guide students throughout the class period, through both the instructional portion and the activity portion. The content should be displayed in an engaging and visual format, without reliance on a lot of text. Statements should not be copied and pasted from the pedagogical plan onto slides. Though your activity is detailed step-by-step in the pedagogical plan, it needs to be converted into a presentation form for the audience. You may use the notes feature in your slide software in order to include engaging or original “script” – things you would say while presenting the slides. The activity is meant to be an interactive learning experience, so the slides should help facilitate that interaction in a live classroom setting.

Some resources for creating slide decks are included below. You can also convert the PPT to PDF format, which can display your notes and slides side-by-side. Presenters sometimes print the PDF and distribute it as handouts.

C) The Self-Assessment. In a separate short memorandum, explain what you learned in the development of this project and how it reflects what you take away from the course. While you should touch on all parts of the project, do not simply copy and paste sections from the plan. The memo may be written in your own, first-person voice, reflecting upon your learning process. Consider also how the work done toward this project may assist you in your future academic or professional career. The self-assessment document should be formatted in MLA style, and completed in approximately 250-500 words.

Resources to help you with the project:

Sample PPT with Notes

LinkedIn Learning’s 5 Best Practices for Making Awesome PowerPoint Slides

Good example of a slide presentation on literary analysis

Convert Slide Text to a SmartArt Graphic

English 104: Suggested Topics and Advice for Writing the Literary Analysis Paper
An important component of this course is learning how to write evaluations and interpretations
of literary works. Whether you are writing about short stories, poems, or plays, you must offer
an opinion (an argument) about the literary work and you must back up that opinion with
evidence (facts from the literary text).
Each essay should be approximately 1,000 words in length, double-spaced, and typed with
standard font size and margins. The essay will be evaluated based in part upon your use of a
good thesis sentence, the support of the thesis through textual evidence, and your ability to
offer thoughtful analysis rather than plot summary. As always, your paper should be written in
standard academic English, be substantially free of grammatical and mechanical errors, and
should conform to the standards set out below.
1. The paper should not have a separate cover pager. Write your name and date of the
assignment in the upper left corner. Center the title of the essay, without underlining or
using quotation marks.
2. Your first paragraph will engage the reader’s interest as it narrows to a thesis. If, for
example, you write on the topic of initiation, you might begin the essay by stating
something about the popularity of initiation stories, what initiation means, and then narrow
to the point (thesis) of your essay. (Ex.: “In this short story, initiation serves to ____”).
3. The thesis should clearly state the topic of the essay and the point you will develop. Do
not make announcements, such as “This paper will be about . . .” Instead, boldly state your
point, such as, “Through the use of the speaker’s home as a symbolic prison, Frost indicates
that the lost child is not the only one who has been buried.” Or “Browning uses dramatic
monologue to reveal the Duke as a murderer” or even “Jig has beaten the American in the
end of Hemingway’s story and will keep her child.” These are statements which offer an
interpretation of one part of the poem or story, an interpretation which will need evidence
from the poem or story to support it.
4. Each paragraph will develop a single point that develops your thesis. Make references to
the text, but do not simply re-tell the story/poem/play. Remember, your reader has also read
the story/poem/play. If you quote from the literary work, be judicious and make sure that the
quote develops the support you are developing for your thesis. At times a paraphrase may also
be effective. If you are incorporating lines of poetry into your paper, write the poetry as a
standard sentence with a (/) used at the end of a line or stanza to let the reader understand the
structure of the poem. At the end of the quotation, use the line number as indicated in your
text. For example, “He had enough of life/to know that he wanted no more” (1-2) indicates the
line break of the poem and which lines are quoted. Please refer to the sample essays in your
text for further clarification on how to incorporate references from literary works in your own
essay.
5. Always write in the present tense unless there is a clear reason to use past tense. Literature
is a living text.
6. Do not refer to any writer by his or her first name. Unless you and William Shakespeare are
close, personal friends, refer to him as Shakespeare.
7. The conclusion will restate the idea of the essay and may make some general comments or
conclusions., If, for example, you were writing a paper about the image of death in two poems,
you would remind the reader about the comparison or contrast your found in this image in the
two poems, and then you might write something about the value of understanding imagery in
order to gain insight into a poem’s meaning.
8. If you are using sources, you must properly document the sources both within the paper as
parenthetical citations as well as provide the necessary information about the sources on an
accurately formatted works cited page. Use MLA format.
9. Unless they appear in something you are quoting, do not use “I, me, my, mine” or “we, our,
us, let’s,” as these are meant to be formal, academic essays. Instead, use only third person, for
example: “one, they, them, the critic, the reader,” and so on.
10. All essays must be submitted online in the appropriate assignment folder.
Below are some suggested themes for the poetry essay. Alternatively, you may develop your
own topic, though you may use only texts we have read in this course. If you do so, make sure
that you have the topic approved by your professor before you begin to write.
1. Tennyson’s “The Charge of the Light Brigade” was well received by the military of his day. Do
you think that the poem glorifies war? Explain and support your answer.
2. When Billy Collins wrote “On Turning Ten,” he was, he says, poking fun at the theme of death
that poets seem inevitably drawn to write about. However, the poem seems also to have an
undercurrent of sadness at the passing of childhood. How does Collins use metaphor to convey
these complex feelings in the simple language of a ten year-old?
3. In “Home Burial,” Robert Frost depicts the marital breakdown of a couple who have lost a
child. Choose symbol, imagery, or metaphor and explain both how it is used and why it is
essential to the poem.
4. “In a Station of the Metro” is Ezra Pound’s experiment in imagism. Explain what the
movement was, how it influenced Pound’s poem, and whether or not he was successful.
5. Emily Dickinson’s “Some Keep the Sabbath” is her way of explaining why she did not
attend church on Sundays, a scandalous position to take in the mid 1800’s in Amherst,
Massachusetts, particularly for the daughter of a Church stalwart and former
congressman. What was that explanation, and how what are the metaphors she uses to
convey it?

Assignment:
There are two parts to the current assignment: the core document and the action/presentation.

Core Document: Write a persuasive, 4-page documented argument that a) educates your audience about an issue that needs changing, b) invites them to your point of view, c) acknowledges and refutes opposing arguments and d) motivates readers to act in specific ways.

Your essay should work directly to effect change on the given issue. You must include specific actions that your audience members may consider correcting the problem. Use at least three sources and no more than five sources to document your argument including one that appropriately represents an opposing view.