Nursing

Assignment: Productivity and Regularity
Assignment: Productivity and Regularity
The linguist focuses on two aspects of language: its productivity and its
regularity. The term productivity refers to the fact that an infinite number of
utterances are possible in any language. Regularity refers to the fact that these
utterances are systematic in many ways. We need not seek far to convince
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ourselves of the highly productive and creative character of language. Pick a
random sentence from this book or any other book of your choice and enter it
as an exact string (quoting it) in Google. If Google can find the sentence in all
of its billions of pages, it will probably either be from a copy of the book or a
quote from the book. In fact, these sorts of methods are used by programs to
catch plagiarism.Most sentences you will find in books were created only once in
human history. And yet it is important to realize that the components that
make
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up sentences are quite small in number: English uses only 26 letters, 40 phonemes
(see the discussion in the Speech Recognition section of Chapter 2), and some
tens of thousands of words. Nevertheless, with these components, we can and do
generate trillions of novel sentences.
A look at the structure of sentences makes clear why this productivity is
possible. Natural language has facilities for endlessly embedding structures within
structures and coordinating structures with structures. A mildly amusing party
game starts with a simple sentence and requires participants to keep adding to
the sentence:
• The girl hit the boy. • The girl hit the boy and he cried. • The big girl hit the boy and he cried. • The big girl hit the boy and he cried loudly. • The big girl hit the boy who was misbehaving and he cried loudly. • The big girl with authoritarian instincts hit the boy who was misbehaving
and he cried loudly.
And so on until someone can no longer extend the sentence.
The fact that an infinite number of word strings can be generated would not
be particularly interesting in itself. If we have tens of thousands of words for
each position and if sentences can be of any length, it is not hard to see that
a very large (in fact, an infinite) number of word strings is possible. However,
if we merely combine words at random, we get “sentences” such as • From runners physicians prescribing miss a states joy rests what thought
most.
In fact, very few of the possible word combinations are acceptable sentences.
The speculation is often jokingly made that, given enough monkeys working at
typewriters for a long enough time, some monkey will type a best-selling book.
It should be clear that it would take a lot of monkeys a long time to type just
one acceptable *R@!#s.
So, balanced against the productivity of language is its highly regular character.
One goal of linguistics is to discover a set of rules that will account for
both the productivity and the regularity of natural language.
Such a set of rules is referred to as a grammar. A grammar should be able
to prescribe or generate all the acceptable utterances of a language and be able
to reject all the unacceptable sentences in the language. A grammar consists
Assignment: Productivity and Regularity
of three types of rules—syntactic, semantic, and phonological. Syntax concerns
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word order and inflection. Consider the following examples of sentences that
violate syntax: • The girls hits the boys. • Did hit the girl the boys? • The girl hit a boys. • The boys were hit the girl.
These sentences are fairly meaningful but contain some mistakes in word combinations
or word forms.
Semantics concerns the meaning of sentences. Consider the following sentences
that contain semantic violations, even though the words are correct in
form and syntactic position: • Colorless green ideas sleep furiously. • Sincerity frightened the cat.
These constructions are called anomalous sentences in that they are syntactically
well formed but nonsensical.
Phonology concerns the sound structure of sentences. Sentences can be correct
syntactically and semantically but be mispronounced. Such sentences are
Assignment: Productivity and Regularity
said to contain phonological violations. Consider this example:
The Inspector opened his notebook. “Your name is Halcock, is’t no?” he began.
The butler corrected him. “H’alcock,” he said, reprovingly. “H, a, double-l?”
suggested the Inspector. “There is no h’aich in the name, young man. H’ay is
the first letter, and there is h’only one h’ell.” (Sayers, 1968, p. 73)
The butler, wanting to hide his cockney dialect, which drops the letter h, is systematically
mispronouncing every word that begins with a vowel.
The goal of linguistics is to discover a set of rules that captures the structural
regularities in a language.
Linguistic Intuitions
A major goal of linguistics is to explain the linguistic intuitions of speakers of a
language. Linguistic intuitions are judgments about the nature of linguistic utterances
or about the relations between linguistic utterances. Speakers of the language
are often able to make these judgments without knowing how they do so.
As such, linguistic intuition is another example of implicit knowledge, a concept
introduced in Chapter 7. Among these linguistic intuitions are judgments about
whether sentences are ill-formed and, if ill-formed, why. For instance, we can
judge that some sentences are ill-formed because they have bad syntactic structure
and that other sentences are ill-formed because they lack meaning. Linguists require
that a grammar capture this distinction and clearly express the reasons for it.
Another kind of intuition is about paraphrase.A speaker of English will judge that
the following two sentences are similar in meaning and hence are paraphrases: • The girl hit the boy. • The boy was hit by the girl.
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Yet another kind of intuition is about ambiguity. The following sentence has
two meanings: • They are cooking apples.
This sentence can either mean that some people are cooking some apples or
that the apples can be used for cooking.Moreover, speakers of the language can
distinguish this type of ambiguity, which is called structural ambiguity, from
lexical ambiguity, as in • I am going to the bank.
where bank can refer either to a monetary institution or to a riverbank. Lexical
ambiguities arise when a word has two or more distinct meanings; structural
ambiguities arise when an entire phrase or sentence has two or more meanings.
Linguists try to account for the intuitions we have about paraphrases, ambiguity,
and the well-formedness of sentences.
Competence versus Performance
Our everyday use of language does not always correspond to the prescriptions
of linguistic theory. We generate sentences in conversation that, upon reflection,
we would judge to be ill-formed and unacceptable. We hesitate, repeat
ourselves, stutter, and make slips of the tongue. We misunderstand the meaning
of sentences. We hear sentences that are ambiguous but do not note their
ambiguity.
Another complication is that linguistic intuitions are not always clear-cut.
For instance, we find the linguist Lakoff (1971) telling us that, in the following
case, the first sentence is not acceptable but the second sentence is: • Tell John where the concert’s this afternoon. • Tell John that the concert’s this afternoon.
People are not always reliable in their judgments of such sentences and certainly
do not always agree with Lakoff.
Considerations about the unreliability of human linguistic behavior and
judgment led linguist Noam Chomsky (1965) to make a distinction between
linguistic competence, a person’s abstract knowledge of the language, and
linguistic performance, the actual application of that knowledge in speaking
or listening. In Chomsky’s view, the linguist’s task is to develop a theory of
competence; the psychologist’s task is to develop a theory of performance.
The exact relation between a theory of competence and a theory of performance
is unclear and can be the subject of heated debates. Chomsky has
argued that a theory of competence is central to performance—that our
linguistic competence underlies our ability to use language, if indirectly.
Others believe that the concept of linguistic competence is based on a rather
unnatural activity (making linguistic judgments) and has very little to do with
language use.

Midline In The Epigastrium
Midline In The Epigastrium
Question 1
A 40-year-old female presents complaining of pain near the . Assuming the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:
a. Visceral
b. Somatic
c. Parietal
d. Referred
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Question 2
An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?
a. Insufficient bile production
b. Gastric atrophy
c. Hypersecretion of stomach acid
d. Nutrient malabsorption
Question 3
In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:
a. acetaldehyde accumulation.
b. bile toxicity.
c. acidosis.
d. fatty infiltrations.
Question 4
Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?
a. Sinusoids
b. Bile ducts
c. Hepatic portal vein
d. Hepatic artery
Question 5
Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:
a. fat-soluble vitamins.
b. carbohydrates.
c. protein.
d. calcium and magnesium.
Question 6
A 27-year-old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
Question 7
Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:
a. children have lower adipose reserves.
b. fluid reserves are lower in children.
c. children have a lower metabolic rate.
d. children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.
Question 8
A 40-year-old male develops an intestinal obstruction related to protrusion of the intestine through the inguinal ring. This condition is referred to as:
a. Intussusception
b. A volvulus
c. A hernia
d. Adhesions
Question 9
A 60-year-old male presents with GI bleeding and abdominal pain. He reports that he takes NSAIDs daily to prevent heart attack. Tests reveal that he has a peptic ulcer. The most likely cause of this disease is:
a. Increasing subepithelial bicarbonate production
b. Accelerating the H+ (proton) pump in parietal cells
c. Inhibiting mucosal prostaglandin synthesis
d. Stimulating a shunt of mucosal blood flow
Question 10
Acute pancreatitis often manifests with pain to which of the following regions?
a. Right lower quadrant
b. Right upper quadrant
c. Epigastric
d. Suprapubic

Discuss: Efferent Cerebellar Pathways
Discuss: Efferent Cerebellar Pathways
Question 14
The geriatrician providing care for a 74-year-old man with diagnosis of Parkinson disease has recently changed the client’s medication regimen. What is the most likely focus of the pharmacologic treatment of the man’s health problem?
Answers:
A. Preventing demyelination of the efferent cerebellar pathways
B. Preventing axonal degradation of motor neurons
C. Maximizing acetylcholine release from synaptic vesicles at neuromuscular junctions
D. Increasing the functional ability of the underactive dopaminergic system
Question 15
A student makes the statement to a colleague, “Blood plasma is essentially just a carrier for the formed elements like red blood cells and white blood cells.”What would be the most accurate response to this statement?
Answers:
A. “Not really. Plasma also contributes to the processes of protein synthesis and hematopoiesis.”
B. “Actually, plasma plays a significant role in nutrient and waste transport.”
C. “Actually, plasma is integral to the proper function of the liver and maintenance of acid–base balance.”
D. “That’s not really true. Plasma is crucial in the immune and inflammatory responses.”
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Question 16
Several months ago, a 20-year-old male suffered a spinal cord injury brought about by a snowboard trick gone wrong. The lasting effects of his injury include a flaccid bowel and bladder and the inability to obtain an erection. While sensation has been completely preserved in his legs and feet, his motor function is significantly impaired. What type of incomplete spinal cord injury has the man most likely experienced?
Answers:
A. Central cord syndrome
B. Conus medullaris syndrome
C. Brown-Séquard syndrome
D. Anterior cord syndrome
Question 17
A client with a gastrointestinal bleed secondary to alcohol abuse and a hemoglobin level of 5.8 g/dL has been ordered a transfusion of packed red blood cells. The client possesses type B antibodies but lacks type D antigens on his red cells. Transfusion of which of the following blood types would be least likely to produce a transfusion reaction?
Answers:
A. A–
B. A
C. B–
D. B
Question 18
Which of the following clients’ signs and symptoms would allow a clinician to be most justified in ruling out stroke as a cause? An adult
Answers:
A. has vomited and complained of a severe headache.
B. states that his left arm and leg are numb, and gait is consequently unsteady.
C. has experienced a sudden loss of balance and slurred speech.
D. has had a gradual onset of weakness, headache, and visual disturbances over the last 2 days.
Question 19
Amniocentesis has suggested that a couple’s first child will be born with sickle cell disease. The parents are unfamiliar with the health problem, and their caregiver is explaining the complexities. Which of the following statements by the parents would suggest a need for further teaching or clarification?
Answers:
A. “Our baby’s red cells are prone to early destruction because of his or her weak membranes.”
B. “Our son or daughter likely won’t show the effects of sickling until he or she is school-aged because of the different hemoglobin in babies.”
C. “Not all of his or her red cells will be sickled, but low oxygen levels can cause them to become so.”
D. “Sickled cells can block his or her blood vessels, especially in the abdomen, chest, and bones.”

Assignment: Biology and Technology
Assignment: Biology and Technology
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This assignment addresses course outcomes 1-4:
recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problems
make observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanations
weigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific method
use knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusions
1. Select one of the topics listed below (a-e).
2. Find at least three reliable information sources related to your chosen topic. You are encouraged to use the UMUC library in your search: http://libguides.umuc.edu/science.
3. Write a paper with title page, introduction, several paragraphs addressing the questions, conclusion and references. You must write in your own words and paraphrase information from the selected information sources, addressing each of the questions for your chosen topic. Your paper should consist of less than 10% direct quotes. Your paper should be 750-1500 words, excluding references and title page. Use APA style for references: https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfm
4. Submit your assignment to the Assignment folder by the due date listed in the course schedule.
Topics (select one)
a) Stem cells. Your friend has suffered a spinal cord injury after a bad car accident. The medical team has decided that he is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy. Your friend has not had a biology course since high school, so you decide to write him a letter sharing your knowledge of stem cells. Include in your letter a description of the biology of stem cells and how these cells are unique from other cells. Contrast the different types of stem cells, including pros and cons for each type. Explain how stems cells can be used to treat diseases and injury, with special focus on spinal cord injuries. Include information from at least one research study or clinical trial. Conclude with your own opinion.
b) Genetically modified organisms (GMOs). A friend tells you that she avoids foods containing GMOs because they are unhealthy. You decide to use the knowledge gained from your biology class and some additional research to form your own opinion on GMOs. Answer the following questions backed up by reliable information sources. What is the purpose of genetically engineering of crop plants? Include at least two specific examples of commonly grown GMO crops. How are GMOs created? Use the provided course materials and make a connection to the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation. Which foods in your supermarket contain GMOs? Are foods that contain GMOs safe for human consumption? What types of regulations exist for these foods? Clearly explain your reasoning for each answer in your paper and conclude whether or not you agree with your friend.
c) Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion:https://www.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8and you need to be prepared in case there are any questions. Please research and write an answer to each of the following questions: What is “CRISPR”? What role does Cas9 play in the CRISPR process? How does the CRISPR-Cas9 system snip and replace any DNA sequence? What are the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing? Include specific examples. Do you believe that the inherent risks of modifying animal DNA is worth the rewards? Explain. Do you believe that it is ethical to genetically engineer humans and/or animals? Explain.
d) Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. Start with an explanation of how vaccines work. Briefly contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques. Then list some of the diseases that babies and children in the US are routinely vaccinated against. How has vaccinations impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years? Why are some people worried about giving their children vaccines? Is there scientific evidence to support these concerns? Conclude with advice to your friend in regard to getting the recommended vaccines based on what you learned from reliable information sources.
e) Fracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil & gas industry is turning to hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands to extract natural gas and oil. A friend asks you “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?” Briefly explain to your friend how hydraulic fracturing and tar (oil) sands are used to obtain these fossil fuels. Then, in more detail, describe the environmental problems that may result from these processes and why they are controversial. Issues that should be addressed involves water, air and soil pollution with special focus on global climate change, effects on human health, and effects on other species and natural ecosystems. Finally, give your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental problems, with your reasoning backed by information from reliable information sources.

Weaknesses Of Implicit Association Test
Weaknesses Of Implicit Association Test
The topic the paper will be done is:
please follow the empirical Research checklist as you complete the assignment addressing each line within the empirical Research checklist.
Compare attitudes, stereotypes, prejudice, and discrimination.
Explore prejudice attitudes in gender, age, race, sexuality, disability, or weight.
Discuss institutional bias.
Assess the strengths and weaknesses of the Implicit Association Test (IAT) as a research tool.
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For this assignment you will create your research question and at least five scholarly, peer reviewed, empirical studies, all from the past 5 to 7 years. Your articles must support the need for your research.
The following information will assist in the formation of your research question and the beginning collection of literature:
1. Use the empirical checklist (located in course materials) to assure your article is an empirical article.
2. Explore the Center for Innovation in Research and Teaching (cirt.gcu.edu) for information on research topics and literature reviews. From the main page, under Research Development – click on Research Ready. Each section has several bits of information to help formulate your research. Additionally on the right hand side under Development Resources, explore Research Tutorials. This section will assist you in creating your research questions and further information on literature reviews.
Prepare a document that includes your research question(s), including how your research will add to the current research in your chosen field. Your document will include five scholarly, peer reviewed, empirical studies from the past 5 to 7 years. This section should include APA formatted citations for each article, including permalink; additionally a short annotation for each article stating how the literature shows your research is needed.
While APA style is required for the body of this assignment, solid academic writing is expected, and documentation of sources should be presented using APA formatting guidelines, which can be found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center.

SMART Goals and Project Objectives
SMART Goals and Project Objectives
N4685 Capstone Seminar
Module 2: Capstone Project – SMART Goals and Project Objectives
Name: Date:
Overview: Capstone Project – Smart Goals and Project Objectives
In this assignment, you will locate and summarize content of 2 articles on the use of SMART goals/objectives: what they are, how they are used, and why they are effective. Assignment must contain citations and references in correct APA format.
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You will also select 3 peer reviewed articles that address your chosen focus area for your Capstone Project and create 3-5 goals/objectives for your Capstone Project using the SMART Goals/Objective format.
Objectives
· Summarize 2 articles discussing what SMART goals are, how they are used, and/or why they can be an effective tool.
· Select 3 peer reviewed articles addressing chosen focus area to include in the provided grid.
· Create 3-5 objectives for Capstone Project using SMART format.
Rubric
Use this rubric to guide your work on the Module 2 assignment.
NOTE: All assignments and discussion posts are expected to be completed on time.
Tasks Target Acceptable Unacceptable
1. SMART Goals Article Summary
(40 pts)
Clear and strong summary of 2 articles on use of and purpose of SMART goals. Writes 2 summaries – one summary for each article. Each summary is 1 paragraph of 3-4 well-written, original sentences. (40 pts) General statements reflecting article summary and/or missing one article summary, missing SMART goal format.
(20 pts)
No synthesis of articles on use of and formulating SMART goals.
(0 pts)
2. Creates 3-5 SMART goals/objectives.
(20 points)
Creates 3-5 goals/objectives using SMART format including Bloom Taxonomy terms.
(20 points)
2 or less goals/objectives utilizing SMART goal format using Bloom Taxonomy terms.
(10 points)
Goals/Objectives not written in SMART goal format and/or no use of Bloom Taxonomy terms.
(0 points)
3. Cites 3 peer reviewed articles related to the chosen focus area of Capstone project (management, education, or clinical specialty)
(30 pts)
Correctly cites 3 peer reviewed articles for chosen focus area of Capstone project
(30 pts)
Cites 2 or less peer reviewed articles.
(15 pts)
No peer reviewed articles cited to support SMART goals/objectives.
(0 points)
APA format
(10 pts)
Articles and lists the APA references correctly – no errors. (10 pts) Articles and lists the APA references correctly. 1-3 errors. (6 pt.) Articles and lists the APA references correctly. 4 or more errors. (0 pts)
1. Summarize Articles on SMART Objectives Format (Type in the box below)
Summarize content of 2 articles found on SMART goals/objectives. Write your summary in proper APA format. Must include in-text citations and references for both articles. Write one paragraph for each article summary. Should have paragraphs.
TYPE IN THE BOX BELOW (Box will expand as you type in it)
2. Create 3-5 Project Objectives (Type in the grid provided below).
3. Cite 3 Peer Reviewed Articles on Chosen Focus Area for Capstone Project
Create a minimum of 3 and maximum of 5 objectives based upon Bloom’s Taxonomy (See and/or and you can always “google” Bloom Taxonomy for more information). These objectives reflect the changes you want to see in the behavior of the participants/audience as a result of acquiring the information that you present. Remember: Objectives must be specific, measurable, attainable, realistic, and timed (S.M.A.R.T.) and each must include a Bloom term. At a minimum, at least one objective should be “immediate” and one “long term.” Use the table below to record the Objectives and Content for your Capstone Project. (You must create at least three objectives. If you have more, insert rows in the table). Remember that your final project will need at least three references (less than five years old). See the example for how to format this grid.
Example Objectives
(3-5 Objectives)
Example Content and Citing of Peer Reviewed Articles
(Total of 3)
1. By the end of the presentation, 98% of the audience will be able to identify three ways to prevent falls in the LTC until.
(Note: this is an immediate outcome, there is a time frame, there is a % of the audience, identify is the Bloom term. This goal is measurable).
· Fall prevention
Doe, J. (2014). How to prevent falls in a long term care unit. Journal of Fall Prevention, 8(26), 23-32. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
2. Within three months of the presentation, 95% of the audience will be able to recite three reasons to use a fall assessment form with any change in condition for residents.
(Note: this is a long-term goal, there is a time frame, there is a % of the audience, and “recite” is the Bloom term. This goal is measurable).
· Fall assessment forms
Smith, J. (2013). Why are fall assessment forms important? Journal of Fall Assessments, 7(4), 12-15. Retrieved from EBSCOhost.
3. (Write your third outcome here – it can be either immediate or long-term. Remember it must be SMART and include a Bloom term). · Content Topic
Must have at least one reference here as three are required for this assignment – one for each outcome. Please note that for your final project, you will need three references for each outcome that you have for a minimum of nine references. If you have four outcomes, you will need a minimum of twelve references.
Grid provided below for assignment completion.
Complete this grid with your information. Must have a minimum of 3 and maximum of 5.
Project Objectives
(3-5 Objectives)
Content and Citing of Peer Reviewed Articles
(Cite 3 Articles)
1.
2. ·
3. ·
4. ·
5. ·
Uploading Completed Assignment Template:
· Save this completed assignment template with your individual assignment content to your computer in a file you can easily retrieve.
· Upload the completed assignment template into Module 2: Assignment 2 of 2 area in Module 2 of the course.

Assignment: Hypotonic And Isotonic.
Assignment: Hypotonic And Isotonic.
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11. Which term does not belong in this list?
Acid
Vinegar
Hydrogen ion donor
pH 8
Lactic acid
12. The process in which molecules spread randomly from areas of higher concentration to areas of lower concentration is:
Filtration
Diffusion
Exocytosis
Osmosis
13. Organize the following solutions from most concentrated to least concentrated: hypertonic, hypotonic, and isotonic.
Hypotonic>Hypertonic>Isotonic
Hypertonic>Hypotonic>Isotonic
Hypertonic>Isotonic>Hypotonic
Isotonic>Hypotonic>Hypertonic
14. The rate of diffusion depends on which of the following?
The medium
The size of the molecule
The polarity
All of the above
A. and C. only
15.All of the following are examples of elements except
Oxygen
Water
Hydrogen
Carbon
16. What would happen to a eukaryotic cell, if too much osmotic pressure develops within a cell?
The cell would remain the same size, but the internal organelles would become dehydrated
The cell would decrease in size, and could collapse.
The cell would increase in size, and could lyse.
Nothing, osmotic pressure does not impact the cell.
17. Inthe following chemical reaction, what is carbon dioxide (CO2)?
12 H20 + 6 CO2= 1 glucose molecule + 6 O2
A. substrate
B. product
C. enzyme
D. activation factor
E. independent variable
18. The bond in which two atoms share one or more pairs of electrons is a_________ bond.
Polar
Hydrogen
Ionic
Covalent
19. Which of the following terms includes all of the chemical reactions that occur within a cell?
Cellular respiration
Catabolism
Redox reactions
Metabolism
Phosphorylation
20. Within a cell, energy released by electrons is often used to phosphorylate which of the following molecules?
ADP
ATP
Pyruvate ions
Oxygen
NAD
21. All of the following apply to glycolysis except
Occurs without oxygen
Degrades glucose to H2O and CO2
Ends with formation of pyruvic acid
Occurs during fermentation
22. In which of the phases of cellular respiration is the majority of ATP formed?
Processing of pyruvic acid for the Krebs cycle
Electron transport chain
Glycolysis
The Krebs cycle
All phases produce the same number of ATP molecules
23. The energy of the sun is converted into usable energy for the cell in the form of _________.
ATP
ATP
Glucose
CO2
24. The starting materials of photosynthesis are _____________
Oxygen and glucose
Carbon dioxide and oxygen
Carbon dioxide and water
Oxygen and water

Discuss: Patient Experiencing Esophageal Reflux
Discuss: Patient Experiencing Esophageal Reflux
Question 23
For the patient experiencing esophageal reflux, the nurse would expect which sphincter to be malfunctioning?
a. Pyloric
b. Lower esophageal
c. Upper esophageal
d. Gastric
Question 24
Cholecystitis is inflammation of the gallbladder wall usually caused by:
a. accumulation of bile in the hepatic duct.
b. obstruction of the cystic duct by a gall-stone.
c. accumulation of fat in the wall of the gallbladder.
d. viral infection of the gallbladder.
Question 25
A 6-month-old male infant is brought to the ER after the sudden development of abdominal pain, irritability, and vomiting followed by passing of “currant jelly” stool. Ultrasound reveals intestinal obstruction in which the ileum collapsed through the ileocecal valve and invaginated into the large intestine. This type of obstruction is referred to as:
a. Prolapse
b. Pyloric stenosis
c. Intussusception
d. Imperforation
Question 26
A 22-year-old male underwent brain surgery to remove a tumor. Following surgery, he experienced a peptic ulcer. His ulcer is referred to as a(n) _____ ulcer.
a. Infectious
b. Cushing
c. Ischemic
d. Curling
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Question 27
Chronic gastritis is classified according to the:
a. severity.
b. location of lesions.
c. patient’s age.
d. signs and symptoms.
Question 28
Reflux esophagitis is defined as a(n):
a. Immune response to gastroesophageal reflux
b. Inflammatory response to gastroesophageal reflux
c. Congenital anomaly
d. Secretory response to hiatal hernia
Question 29
The cardinal signs of small bowel obstruction are:
a. Vomiting and distention
b. Diarrhea and excessive thirst
c. Dehydration and epigastric pain
d. Abdominal pain and rectal bleeding
Question 30
The nurse assessing the patient with biliary atresia would expect to find which primary clinical manifestation?
a. Anemia
b. Jaundice
c. Hypobilirubinemia
d. Ascites
Question 31
A 20-year-old male was recently diagnosed with lactose intolerance. He eats an ice cream cone and develops diarrhea. His diarrhea can be classified as _____ diarrhea.
a. Motility
b. Hypotonic
c. Secretory
d. Osmotic
Question 32
Which of the following symptoms would help a health care provider distinguish between ulcerative colitis and Crohn disease?
a. Pattern of remission/exacerbations
b. Abdominal pain
c. Malabsorption
d. Diarrhea
Question 33
A 45-year-old male complains of heartburn after eating and difficulty swallowing. He probably has:
a. Pyloric stenosis
b. Hiatal hernia
c. Gastric cancer
d. Achalasia
Question 34
The exocrine portion of the pancreas contains:
a. alpha cells.
b. beta cells.
c. acinar cells.
d. islets of Langerhans.
Question 35
Outbreaks of hepatitis _____ often occur in young children attending day care centers and can be attributed to poor hand washing.
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

Hypersecretion of stomach acid
Hypersecretion of stomach acid
Walden NURS6501 Week 8 Quiz latest 2017
Question 1
A 40-year-old female presents complaining of pain near the midline in the epigastrium. Assuming the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:
a. Visceral
b. Somatic
c. Parietal
d. Referred
Question 2
An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?
a. Insufficient bile production
b. Gastric atrophy
c. Hypersecretion of stomach acid
d. Nutrient malabsorption
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Question 3
In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:
a. acetaldehyde accumulation.
b. bile toxicity.
c. acidosis.
d. fatty infiltrations.
Question 4
Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?
a. Sinusoids
b. Bile ducts
c. Hepatic portal vein
d. Hepatic artery
Question 5
Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:
a. fat-soluble vitamins.
b. carbohydrates.
c. protein.
d. calcium and magnesium.
Question 6
A 27-year-old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D
Question 7
Prolonged diarrhea is more serious in children than adults because:
a. children have lower adipose reserves.
b. fluid reserves are lower in children.
c. children have a lower metabolic rate.
d. children are more resistant to antimicrobial therapy.
A 40-year-old female presents complaining of pain near the midline in the epigastrium. Assuming the pain is caused by a stimulus acting on an abdominal organ, the pain felt is classified as:
a. Visceral
b. Somatic
c. Parietal
d. Referred
Question 2
An 8-week-old male was recently diagnosed with cystic fibrosis. Which of the following digestive alterations would be expected?
a. Insufficient bile production
b. Gastric atrophy
c. Hypersecretion of stomach acid
d. Nutrient malabsorption
Question 3
In alcoholic cirrhosis, hepatocellular damage is caused by:
a. acetaldehyde accumulation.
b. bile toxicity.
c. acidosis.
d. fatty infiltrations.
Question 4
Where does the nurse expect the obstruction to be in a patient with extrahepatic portal hypertension?
a. Sinusoids
b. Bile ducts
c. Hepatic portal vein
d. Hepatic artery
Question 5
Kwashiorkor is a severe dietary deficiency of:
a. fat-soluble vitamins.
b. carbohydrates.
c. protein.
d. calcium and magnesium.
Question 6
A 27-year-old male presents with fever, GI bleeding, hepatomegaly, and transient joint pain. He reports that as a child he received blood transfusions following a motor vehicle accident. He also indicates he was vaccinated against hepatitis B. Which of the following types of hepatitis does the clinician think he most likely has?
a. A
b. B
c. C
d. D

Decision-making process for technology
Decision-making process for technology
Directions:
1. To complete this assignment:
· Read the case study above.
· Assume the role as the Public Relations Director for Purple Cross of North Carolina.
o The CEO directs you to interview the Telehealth Director regarding the use of Telehealth with Mrs. Smith. The CEO directs you to create one thought-provoking question for each of the following topics:
· Meeting the health needs of Mrs. Smith
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· Decision-making process for technology selected for Mrs. Smith
· Benefits and risks in using Telehealth technology for Mrs. Smith
· Cost and staff involved in using Telehealth technology for Mrs. Smith
o Note: Your questions must be original; not copied or modified from any source, including your textbook. Your questions cannot simply rephrase the topic.
o For each question, the CEO requires that you provide your rationale. Describe how the question will yield a thorough response, and not simply a “yes” or “no” answer.
· Any cited sources to support your rationale statements must be identified, using APA formatting.
· Prior to submission, review your responses to ensure that they contain no spelling or grammatical errors.
2. Submit the Week 4 Assignment via Blackboard by clicking on the “Week 4 Assignment” link.
3. Include the proper file naming convention:
· CMP105_wk4_assn_jsmith_mmddyyyy.
For each topic, write your question and rationale.
Topic: Meeting the health needs for Mrs. Smith
Your question:
[Write your response here.]
Rationale:
[Write your response here.]
Topic: Decision-making process for technology selected for Mrs. Smith
Your question:
[Write your response here.]
Rationale:
[Write your response here.]
Topic: Benefits and risks in using Telehealth technology for Mrs. Smith
Your question:
[Write your response here.]
Rationale:
[Write your response here.]
Topic: Cost and staff involved in using Telehealth technology for Mrs. Smith
Your question:
[Write your response here.]
Rationale:
[Write your response here.]