philosophy

What is “error” according to the reasoning in Meditation 4? Why is it significant that Descartes places human beings between God and total non-being or nothingness? Does this add to our understanding of error here in any way? Explain.

Please write a short reflection paper of at least 1300 words (12pt, double space, 1” margin, conformed to Turabian or to the style guide native to your major field of study) reflecting on one of the texts we have discussed in the class. Please avoid generic paper topics (i.e. “Plato’s Politics”) and strive to write a paper that explores the issue with significant narrowness, creativity and depth (i.e. “Responsibility and Plato’s Use of the Myth of Gyges”). Rather than attempt to reflect on an entire reading, pick one narrow theme within the text. Your paper should take an exegetical approach to the readings, utilizing quotations and explanation to demonstrate both an engagement of the text and a thoughtful opinion on the thesis. External research is acceptable but not required. The best papers have a thesis that is abundantly clear, a progression of thought that is obvious and forecasted in the introduction, and a strong conclusion that gathers together the observations and arguments of the paper. Significant grading deductions will be incurred for spelling/grammar errors, improper documentation, etc. Papers will be graded according to the following rubric: Grammar, spelling, sentence structure, readability, consistency of notations/spacing (20%) Careful engagement of the text(s) under consideration (20%) Logical connectedness of the paragraphs/points, visibility of a structure/outline, transitions between points/paragraphs (20%) Thesis development, quality of argument, appropriate length/word count (20%) Strength of conclusions, scope of argument (20%)

1. What do fallacies of false cause and accident have in common? Are the really the same fallacy or they entirely distinct Explain your answer by giving an example of each.2. At first glance composition and division may seem to be the same as accident and converse accident. However, they are entirely different. Explain what the real difference is between these pairs of fallacies.3. What distinguishes the Method of Residues from other methods? Explain it.4. What is Induction by Simple enumeration? What are its limitations?

( the topic can be either fictional and non-fictional) Required Textbook: ? The Philosopher’s Way: Thinking Critically About Profound Ideas, (5th Edition) John Chaffee, Pearson, 2016 ? Recommended Textbooks: ? Robert Nozick: Anarchy, State, and Utopia ? John Rawls: A Theory of Justice ? Karl R. Popper: The Open Society and Its Enemies ? Henri Bergson: Time and Free Will ? Martin Heidegger: The Question Concerning Technology

Analyze and discuss one and only one of the following two classical arguments for the existence of God: 2. Clarke’s Cosmological Argument You may argue either for or against the soundness of the argument, but you must take up and defend a specific position. Click Critical Writing Assignment Guidelines for assignment details and grading rub

Chapter 5, ethical egoism, discussion questions:

1. Respond to the following questions (if you choose to answer this question, you have to answer ALL of the questions listed in the bullet points; this is a multiple part question). This counts as ONE question, so you still have to respond to either 2 or 3 below as well: What do you most value in life? Why? What moral beliefs influence your choices and your behavior toward others? How do you determine the “right” thing to do? 2. Do you believe that people should evaluate their beliefs, values, and/or goals to make sure they are good ones? Do you believe that learning how to understand and evaluate arguments will be useful in your day to day life? Why or why not? 3. Respond to the following questions (if you choose to answer this question, you have to answer all of the questions listed in the bullet points; this is a multiple part question).This counts as ONE question, so you still have to respond to either 1 or 2 above as well: What role do religious beliefs play in your life? Do you believe in God? Why or why not? Do you believe there is an afterlife? If so, what is the path to it? What gives your life meaning? What is the purpose of life? What do you hope to achieve in your life? You have two options for submission of this assignment. You can type in the assignment directly into the textbox or you can submit a Microsoft Word file. Only files with .doc, .docx, .txt, .pdf, and .rtf extensions will be accepted. Minimum 1/2 page for each prompt (i.e. close to 1 full page total), double spaced , 10-12 point font.

Reason and Emotion: After viewing the lesson – What is Philosophy? – talk about the difference between reason and emotion. You can answer questions like these: Which is better for someone to use, reason or emotion? Are they both good in different contexts? Which ones? When is it only appropriate to use reason, and when is it best to use emotion? Are reason and emotion at odds with one another? Do they somehow work together? If so, how? If not, why? I look forward to reading your thoughts! God’s Existence – After watching the lessons – Arguments for God’s Existence, Arguments Against God’s Existence – answer the following: Is there a God? How do we know? If so, what is God like? If there’s a God, why is there so much suffering/evil in the world? If there’s no God, why do so many people believe in one? If there is no God, then how can we explain where beauty comes from? Use the text and your own experience! To summarize: as you craft your Discussion Posts, remember to: Use 300 words or more in your opening post. Have a strong thesis/argument statement that clearly indicates where you stand. Use specific details (names, dates, events, places, etc…) from the text or lesson/lecture to serve as evidence for your thesis. Be free of all typographical and grammatical errors. Be logically organized and answer all aspects of the question thoroughly. Remember to cite sources in *every* post, including page numbers.

Reading Assignment for Anselm Anselm pgs. 8-10 1. Who is “the fool” Anselm speaks of? 2. How does the example of a painting illustrate the difference between existing in the understanding and existing in actuality? 3. Why does Anselm say that someone who really understands God cannot even think of God as not existing? 4. Why does Gaunilo raise the issue of a most perfect island? What point is he trying to make?

In Christian Theism, God is the omnipotent, personal Creator of the universe and sustainer of all things. In Deism, God is reduced to a Creator who does not interact with his creation. In Naturalism, God is further reduced – he loses his very existence. Consider the main tenants of Naturalism. Read Chapter 4 of The Universe Next Doorby Sire Write a 2-3 page paper onThe Nature of Man comparing and contrasting the Christian Theist’s view of human beings as “created in God’s image” and the Naturalist’s view of human beings as “complex machines.” Ensure the following points are addressed. Brief explanation of the biblical phrase “created in God’s image.” Brief explanation of how Naturalists would define “complex machines.” At least two points of comparison/contrast of the two views of human beings. Support your writing with the textbook and at least one other scholarly resource.