Political science

This chapter outlines the basic theoretical approaches that are the foundations of international relations and are critical to understanding the field. As a start- ing point, we will begin with realist/power politics, as articulated by Hans J. Morgenthau. This has been one of the founding tenets of international relations since the end of World War II. (His seminal text, Politics Among Nations, was initially published in 1948.) Since then, the international political landscape has changed; new organizations tied to the notion of collective security assumed idealistically that security could best be assured not by having nations increase their power but by working cooperatively toward common goals and ends that would benefit all. Thus, a competing or (perhaps more appropriately) alterna- tive theory of international relations was born, which challenged the basic prin- ciples of realism. This new approach focused more on cooperation between and among nations rather than competition for power, and it embodied many of the ideals earlier espoused by Woodrow Wilson. Referred to as “liberal theory,” it incorporates economic ideas as well as political ones, and it has grown in prominence and importance since the end of the Cold War. Hence, the changes in the international system have contributed to a proliferation of other theories, all of which were designed to explain on a macro level, or more often on a micro level, some aspect of international relations.

General Information: This assignment requires students to evaluate a question that does not have a definitive answer. Specifically, students will write an argument as to how the Supreme Court would rule on the inclusion of the words “under God” in the Pledge of Allegiance if the issue were to be brought before it again.This is an area that people have strong opinions. Having said this, your personal opinion is NOT important for this assignment. Instead, it is your understanding of the Court’s approach to this area of constitutional interpretation to determine whether they would rule “under God” fails or passes the Lemon Test. Students should carefully study Patterson’s discussion of the Establishment Clause and the following court cases using Oyez prior to beginning the assignment:Engle v. Vitale, 370 U.S. 421 (1962)Abington School District v. Schempp, 374 U.S. 203 (1963)Wallace v. Jaffree, 472 U.S. 38 (1985)Locke v. Davey, No. 021315 (2004)Van Orden v. Perry, 545 U.S. 677 (2005)McCreary County v. American Civil Liberties Union of Ky., 545 U.S. 844 (2005)How to Write a Critical Evaluation of the Establishment Clause: Critical thinking is the “ability to interpret, analyze, synthesize, or evaluate information, issues, and ideas and apply creative thought to formulate a substantive opinion, solve a problem or reach a conclusion.” In order to evaluate this question from a more critical perspective, i.e. use information appropriately to investigate a point of view or conclusion, students should format their paper in the following manner:Introduction: this is a paragraph where students should introduce the topic and state their thesis (argument). The thesis should be confined to a single sentence at the end of the introduction. This paragraph should be no more than five sentences long.Analysis: The body of your essay focuses on the argument stated at the end of your Introduction. If you make the argument that the Supreme Court would find “under God” to be constitutional, then you must explain why this inclusion passes all THREE parts of the Lemon Test and support this argument using three distinct court cases, i.e. this section should have approximately three paragraphs (one per test). If you make the argument that the Supreme Court would find “under God” to be unconstitutional, on the other hand, then you must explain why this inclusion fails at least ONE part of the Lemon Test and support this argument using one court case, i.e. this section will have a minimum of one paragraph.Revolving your answer around the relevant course material represents the key to your analysis. Your argument must derive from your understanding of the relevant course material, i.e. the Lemon Test and court cases, and should be logical and centered on facts. In other words, students should not only summarize Patterson or court cases, but explain why this particular court case is relevant to the question at hand. This explanation is critical as it demonstrates to readers why this particular case supports your claim. In addition, students should refrain from using outside sources.Conclusion: The final paragraph is not a time to restate your thesis or the main ideas already discussed in the essay. Instead, a good conclusion emphasizes the significance of your analysis and nicely ‘wraps up’ the argument of your paper. Conclusions should be approximately four or five sentences in length.One final note, students are encouraged to reference the rubric attached to this assignment for a more detailed grading breakdown for the assignment.Turning in the Assignment: After completing the assignment, upload a DOC, DOCX, or PDF file to Brightspace no later than April 11 at 11:59 PM. Email or Google Doc submissions will not be accepted under any circumstances. If you have questions about how to upload a file please take a look at How to Submit a Written Assignment in Blackboard.

Complete the Learn: Self-Assessment: What is Your Level of Emotional Intelligence? exercise located in this week’s Learning Activities folder.Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:As you reflect on the results of your self-assessment, do you believe you have the emotional intelligence to be a successful leader? Why or why not?Which Big Five OCEAN personality traits, intelligence components, or emotional-intelligence (EQ) components do you think will assist you in being a more inclusive leader?As you think of all the ineffective leaders you have ever worked for or played on sports teams for, did they possess a common attribute that caused them to be ineffective?How portable or non-portable are skills associated with being an inclusive leader?

Respond to the following in a minimum of 175 words:Why is it important to move beyond presenting issue(s) to identify the underlying issue(s)? What are some strategies for accomplishing this? Explain and provide specific examples to support your response.

Write a paper on a current event article that discusses restrictions on freedoms by a totalitarian state or an article on ethnic conflict within a nation. Summarize the article and explain why this issue is important to the global community. What outside influences might help change this issue? How? Is the article neutral? Why or why not?Be sure to include a scanned copy of the article in your submission in addition to citations. Articles may not be more than one month old. the article has to be from a news paper

Reviewing the concepts of ethnic conflict and totalitarianism:Often students are confused on what constitutes an ethnic conflict. Before you select a topic for this assignment, be sure to review the information below to gain a better understanding of what constitutes Totalitarianism and ethnic conflict.Totalitarianism and ethnic conflict are not the same as violent act committed by a police officer that was officially deemed as being racially motivated. Ethnic conflict is when government has discriminatory policies in place. Slavery and segregation were examples of ethnic conflict. Many students confuse recent events of violence or shooting by police officers on individuals as examples of ethnic conflict. However, not all of those actions were acts of racially motivated violence. In addition, they were committed by individuals in the execution of their job, which are subject to review and oversight (administrative and legal), and if deemed excessive and/or racially motivated, will be sanctioned and prosecuted because they would go against standing policies and laws that do not allow excessive force in the execution of police duties or racially motivated violence against others (by police or any other person). In the 1960s and earlier, we had state governments requiring African Americans to be segregated. This was an example of ethnic conflict. We do not have government policy in this country today promoting the harassment or killing of people because of their race.If a person kills another person, it is a legal issue. If the killing took place because of the race of the person, it is also a hate crime. It is not designated as ethnic conflict. Topics centered on racial inequity such as Black Lives Matter, while important and viable topics in the context of race relations and social justice, are not the same as ethnic conflict in Totalitarian regimes and so are not appropriate topics for this assignment.Instructions Write a paper on a current event article that discusses restrictions on freedoms by a totalitarian state or an article on ethnic conflict within a nation.· Summarize the article and explain why this issue is important to the global community.· What outside influences might help change this issue? How?· Is the article neutral? Why or why not?

In module 3, we have learned the process of how policy decisions are made. After the decisions are made, we need to implement them. Who is going to implement the policy decisions? Public Organizations. This module deals with efforts to improve public organization management, addressing related subjects of organization theory and the evolution of U.S. civil service administration.This overview page provides a step-by-step guide on how to successfully finish this module.1. Review the following module objectives. Use it as a tool to guide your learning experience. 2. Read the Lecture note. Preview the document 3. Read all the required materials and watch the videos indicated in the lecture note.ObjectivesUpon completion of this module, you will be able to:1. Define Weberian bureaucracy2. Discuss the challenges to bureaucracy3. Define public organizations with examples4. Describe the major themes of U.S. civil service reforms5. Understand the content of Public Service Values

Please answer the following essay questions in writing (typed, double spaced). The answers may be as long as you like, although about 500 words for each answer would be appropriate. Your answers should be in your own words, No quotes from any source is allowed1. What are the essential ideas put forth in Pericles’ Funeral Oration? Are they applicable to modern politics? Why or why not?2. Briefly describe the main parts of Plato’s Apology, namely Socrates’ refutation of the charges leveled against him, his suggestion of an alternative punishment, and his farewell. What did Socrates value most, and do you think he got what he wanted out of his life?3. Describe and analyze the main ideas in Aristotle’s Politics. According to Aristotle, how do people organize themselves and what kind of polity allows them to live the good life?4. St. Augustine’s “City of God” is a classic text of Christian thought in the Middle Ages. Explain why he argues that the human race was condemned by original sin, why government must be obeyed, and why true justice and peace are not of this world.

3. Describe and analyze the main ideas in Aristotle’s Politics. According to Aristotle, how do people organize themselves and what kind of polity allows them to live the good life?

1. What are the essential ideas put forth in Pericles’ Funeral Oration? Are they applicable to modern politics? Why or why not?