Psychology

One of the sources has to come from my textbook., Psychology and Your Life, by Robert S. Feldman. Will you be able the get some information from that textbook. Also on page 2 of the instruction for the topic, which everyone you prefer.

Follow professors guidelines! BELOW Due Monday by 11:59pm Points 70 Submitting a text entry box or a file upload Write a well-constructed two-page essay that summarizes the “Tuskegee Syphilis Experiment”. Evaluate how it adhered to or violated the American Psychological Association’s (APA) ethical principles for research with human participants; in particular, address each of the following points in relation to the Tuskegee Experiment: Freedom from coercion, Informed consent, Limited deception, Adequate debriefing, Confidentiality, and Diversity. Your essay requires two (2) references. One of the references is the publication file attached to this document. Obtain, read, and cite a second reference by going to the online HCCC Library resources. When writing your paper, follow the American Psychological Association, 6th ed. (APA, 2010) publication style for citing sources in the text as well as for the references list. The HCCC librarians (http://www.hccclibrary.net/services/) are available to help you locate relevant research articles. You can email them, call them, visit them. Find their contact info by clicking HCCC Library option on course menu. You can get what you need from these HCCC guides: HCCC Library’s LibGuide on Psychology Research (Links to an external site.) HCCC Library’s LibGuide on Writing (Links to an external site.) HCCC Library’s LibGuide on Citations (Links to an external site.) While format is an important aspect of any academic paper, it is only one aspect of a well-written paper. Utilize the available technologies – spell and grammar check – and be sure to proofread your work before submitting it for a grade; all papers must be type in a 12 point font (e.g. Times Roman) with one inch margins all around. All assignments must be submitted as a MS Word document. Your grade depends on both quality of your thoughts and your use of APA formatting. Optional resources: The American Psychological Association’s (AP)A ethical guidelines are outlined on their website http://www.apa.org/ethics/code2002.html (Links to an external site.) APA publication style 6th edition: Tutorial http://www.apastyle.org/learn/tutorials/basics-tutorial.aspx (Links to an external site.) APA style, electronic references http://www2.liu.edu/cwis/cwp/library/workshop/citapa.htm (Links to an external site.) PowerPoint slide show on APA style https://owl.english.purdue.edu/media/ppt/20081208070939_560.ppt (Links to an external site.) Note: Don’t be distracted or concerned by information in APA Style guides for writing “experimental reports;” in this course you will not be carrying out an experiment. Attachments Tuskegee Study for online.pdf Rubric COL Assignment Rubric 70 Points COL Assignment Rubric 70 Points Criteria Ratings Pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Quality of Assignment Content 70% 49.0 pts Submission demonstrates a full understanding of the associated learning objectives presented in the assignment 41.6 pts Submission demonstrates a general understanding of the asso ciated learning objectives presented in the assignment 34.3 pts Submission demonstrates some understanding of the associated learning objectives presented in the assignment 29.4 pts Submission demonstrates a minimal understanding of the associated learning objectives presented in the assignment 0.0 pts Submission does not display an understanding of the associated learning objectives presented in the assignment 49.0 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Mechanics and Readability of Assignment 15% 10.5 pts Writing demonstrates mastery of all criteria for high academic literacy standards Assignment is clearly un derstandable to the reader Free of punctuation, spelling, and capitalization errors 8.9 pts Writing demonstrates mastery of most criteria for high academic literacy standards Assignment is mostly clear and understandable to the reader Contains only occasional punctuation, spelling, and /or capitalization errors 7.3 pts Writing is unclear and/or disorganized in some areas of lite racy standards . Assignment is partially clear and understandable to the reader Contains several punctuation , spelling, and/or capitalization errors , but does not inhibit readability. 6.3 pts Writing is unclear and/or disorganized in most literacy sta ndards Assignment is unclear and not understandable to the reader Contains many and serious intrusive errors of punctuation, spelling, and/or capitalization which partially inhibit readability. 0.0 pts Writing is unclear and/or disorganized in all literacy standards Assignment is not understandable to the reader Frequent errors in spelling and capitalization: profound and/or inaccurate punctuation which render the submission unreadable 10.5 pts This criterion is linked to a Learning Outcome Structure and Organization/ Format / Presentation of Assignment 15% 10.5 pts Submission follows direction and includes all components indicated in the instructions. If requested, references are included and properly cited. A ppropriate format and presentation for assignment 8.9 pts Submission follows directions and includes most components indicated in the instructions. If requested, references are included and mostly cited properly . Few formatting errors 7.3 pts Submission does not follow all directions and is missing some components indicated in the instructions. If requested, some references are included and partially cited pro perly. Several errors in formatting, or format is inconsistent 6.3 pts Submission follow s minimal directions and is missing many components indicated in the instructions. If requested, references are not included and /or properly cited. E rrors in format several interfere with meaning, formatting weak 0.0 pts Submission is not appropriate for assignment Does not follow directions as indicated by instructor References and c itations are not included if requested Thoughts are not expressed in a logical manner. 10.5 pts Total Points: 70.0

In the first week of this course we are addressing the question of heredity versus the environment as it relates to biological bases of behavior. Before beginning this course, did you believe that the majority of psychological disorders are a function of heredity or environment? Has the reading this week changed your opinion on this subject? Using concepts from the assigned chapters, what is your informed position on the nature vs. nurture debate? Make sure you use specific examples from the reading, and provide an example from a research study supporting the opinion you are presenting. Respond to at least two of your classmates’ posts no later than Monday, Day 7.

n the field of Early Childhood, there are many topics that have more than one side to an issue. The purpose of this assignment is to investigate a debatable issue in child development that is of interest to you and report its impact on the development of children. The issue chosen must have two different perspectives; for instance, all of the reasons to (pros) breastfeed an infant and all the reasons not to (cons) breastfeed an infant. A minimum of 3 references is required for this assignment. It is important to choose an issue that has been researched sufficiently in order to support both perspectives of the issue. After reviewing the research on your topic, you will use this research to complete a 5 to 7 full page written report in APA format. In the body of the paper, objectively describe the benefits (pros) of the issue and the disadvantages (cons) of the issue. NO QUOTATIONS, ONLY PARAPHRASING (with in-text citation) NO ABSTRACT MUST HAVE CITATIONS IN EVERY BODY PARAGRAPH

Imagine that you have been asked by the head of your company to participate as a member of a panel. You will discuss ways to interact more effectively with coworkers of differing personalities. The panel will be presenting their ideas and leading a discussion on this topic at an upcoming conference. As a panel participant, you are asked to identify the ways that environment, culture, biology, and temperament may influence individuals and their interactions with others in the workplace. For this week’s project, you will be required to complete the following steps: Write a paper of 2–3 pages on the following topics: What is personality? Is personality stable over time? What are the determinants of personality? Describe your personality, how it developed, and your personality traits. What are the challenges to studying personality? Use this list of prompting questions to help you establish your position to the panel. These questions can be used to reflect upon what you have learned about personality this week, and create your paper. Read the articles presented in the reading, and consider the challenges these researchers faced when investigating personality. Address the following: How do the researchers define personality? Do they believe personality is a result of nature, nurture, or both? How do they believe the past, present, and future impact personality? Your paper should have a title page, be APA-formatted (with a minimum of 2 scholarly references and citations), and it should include personal examples. Be sure to include the key points that you want to present as a panel member into the paper.

Please See Rubric. Week 4 Assignment: Observation A common source for research ideas is simply observing your environment and questioning why things work the way they do or how situations came to be. In this way, we can all be researchers. As humans, we spend considerable effort trying to understand our environment, what causes people to behave or think a certain way. Using research methods, we seek to quantify events, attitudes, or behavior to systematically understand relationships among variables. enlightenedIn this assignment, you will start at the beginning of the scientific process: observation. You will make 5 research-oriented observations about anything you see in your normal environment (home, work, grocery store, gym, etc.). For each observation, include the following: 1) a description of the observation of interest 2) a research question generated from that observation 3) the independent variable in your research question 4) the dependent variable in your research question 5) ethical and/or methodological concerns that might arise in trying to answer your research question (450-500 words) Example: Observation: A child playing on a Tablet Research Question: Do children who spend more than 3 hours a day on electronic devices sleep better or worse than children who spend less than 3 hours a day on electronic devices. Independent Variable: Amount of time spent on electronic device Dependent Variable: Average number of hours slept per night Concerns: It may not be in the best interest of children to encourage them to spend time on electronic devices. This may cause behavioral issues for children and there would need to be ways to help children if this adversely impacts their behavior. Consent from parents will be required. It may be difficult to find parents who are willing to let their children be studied. How we measure the amount of time spent could impact our results. Also, depending on the participants used in the study, the results may not apply to other groups or populations.

https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=8jc8URRxPIg&feature=youtu.be Some people find this technology frightening and others find it exciting. How do you feel about the potential for reading people’s minds? (paste these questions into your post, then type an answer under each question) You must post an original message

Reply to these 2 posts 125 words each Kayla Forum 1 Reinforcement is something that could be positive or negative, it could teach good habits or contribute to cultivating bad habits. Miltenberger describes reinforcement as when the behavior happens, immediate consequence happens that either strengthen the behav ior or it is an increase in the behavior in the future (2012, 4.1). Reinforcement can either be positive or negative, positive reinforcement is adding to the stimuli or increasing the intensity of the stimuli and negative reinforcement is the process of the removal of the stimuli or decrease of the intensity of the stimuli (Miltenberger, 2012, 4.2). Reinforcement is inevitable and can be found all throughout history and one can identify when it is influences human behavior. Anxiety effects 18.1% of adults in America (ADAA, 2020), being worrisome or anxious effect a variety of people and can play a role in human behavior. Positive reinforcement could assist when trying to understand how to operate with an anxiety disorder. When experiencing anxiety, positive reinforcement could assist by changing the behavior one may have when feeling anxious. For example, if one is anxious to go to work and their initial reaction is to not go, the positive reinforcement would mean they would go to work. This is removing the behavior of not going to work due to anxiety and choosing to go to work regardless of the anxiousness they feel. If one submits to the anxiety and continues to avoid it, they are at risk of missing out on future endeavors. “Avoidance can be adaptive: if an individual perceives a situation as stressful then it makes sense to avoid that stressor in the future” (Mkrtchian,Aylward, Dayan, Roiser, & Robinson, 2017) The Holy Bible also applies positive reinforcement, Philippians 4:6 (NIV) says, “Do not be anxious about anything, but in every situation, by prayer and petition, with thanksgiving, present your requests to God.” This is a prime example of replacing a negative reinforcement with a positive reinforcement, in the response to being anxious choose to pray and petition. Jenna Our reading goes into detail about the different types of reinforcement, good and bad, and what outcomes can come from them. It discusses in our reading how reinforcement is defined by the occurrences of a particular behavior followed by an immediate consequence that is the result in strengthening the behavior. Some examples of behaviors discussed in our reading is of animals learning that by hitting a button provides them good. Every time they hit a button, they are getting a pleasurable result, there for their behavior is to push the button. The positive reinforcement is receiving after an action, while a negative reinforcement is loosing something. Negative behaviors can cause the consequence of loosing something important to you due to the negative actions. If a child acts out, and a toy is taken away, that an example of a negative reinforcement. If a child is good and is given a toy, that is an example of positive. One example of how reinforcement was used in the Bible is from Mark 6:37-44. This is the story in how the Disciples questioned Jesus’ ability to feed the people. The disciples had forgotten how magnificent Jesus is and the ability Jesus had, they worried about the cost and questioning Jesus how they would be able to feed all those people. He fed the five thousand people with five loafs of bread and two fish. This is a form of reinforcement of how Jesus is not going to let us go with out. That faith is needed. I believe that all through out the Gospel is situations with reinforcement. Just as when Jesus walked on water, telling Peter to take his hand. That was a form of reinforcing the faith in Jesus and trust in Jesus to protect him in the water and the storm. Miltenberger, R. G. (2016). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (6th ed.). Cengage Learning.

Development of PTSD Assume that as a forensic psychologist, you have been asked to evaluate and submit a narrative report. You have now submitted your sentencing report to the Judge. Let’s evaluate how as experts, you need to understand certain guidelines and resources in your communities to assist you in making clinical recommendations. Treatment Programs for Violent Offenders Society is significantly concerned about the likelihood of violent offenders repeating their crimes. Although a great number of offenders in the United States are sentenced to prison, prison overcrowding has created a need and demand for alternative sentencing programs. To prepare for this assignment, conduct Internet research to find out what types of treatment programs are available in your state for violent offenders. In addition, review the US Sentencing Guidelines (Ruback&Wroblewski, 2001). Based on your research, address the following: Describe some of the treatment programs available in your area. Identify the types of services they offer and how these programs relate to psychology. Identify several interventions used in the treatment of sex offenders from psychological, medical, and physical perspectives. Assume you are working in the criminal justice field as a forensic medical health specialist. Describe some of the key aspects of your job responsibilities. Support your responses through Internet research and your textbook readings.

In Step 1, you collected five peer-reviewed, scholarly articles describing original research conducted within the field of psychology. For Step 2, you will develop your ability to assess claims based on the Three Claims, Four Validities framework in your text. You will begin by analyzing one article following the instructions below. In the next phase, Step 3, you will add two more articles to the paper following the same guidelines, creating one cohesive Literature Review of three somewhat related articles. By now you should have read through each of your five articles. Choose the one that you feel you understand the best. I know these articles can be full of technical information that may be a bit confusing, but since we only work on one paper in this class, you have plenty of time to read them carefully, research confusing terms, and ask me for help if you need it. It is very important that the articles you select for the literature review be original research studies. You can review Step 1 instructions and resources for clarification on this, but one major hint is that the article will likely have some form of the following sections: an abstract, a literature review/ introduction, Participants, Methods/ Measures, Results/ Analysis, and Discussion. It will also have a long References list at the end. It’s important that you feel comfortable in your understanding of the Three Claims, Four Validities framework (at least somewhat, at this point) before starting. Chapter 3 introduces these concepts and the rest of the textbook covers them in much more detail. So at this point I expect you to be familiar, but not an expert, with these concepts. Step 2 Content 1. Briefly summarize the research study. Article summaries flow best if they first discuss the reason the researchers sought to conduct their study (goals), briefly describe how they carried it out (methods/design), and then wrap up with what was discovered (findings/ conclusions). Scientific writing should be straightforward and concise. It isn’t easy to summarize a lot of information into few words, but that is your goal here. Summaries should be about a half-page. Summary Checklist: state researcher’s hypotheses/study’s purpose concise description of the methodologies used summary of findings/conclusions discuss whether the main conclusion is a frequency, association, or causal claim (consider both the methods used and the conclusions made when trying to determine the type of claim); this will help guide you in discussing the four validities. 2. Address each validity for the study as it relates to the claim made. Remember that you are being asked to scrutinize, not criticize, the research based on each of the four main validities described in Chapter 3. Demonstrate to me that you understand what aspects of participant recruitment and selection, research design and methodology, and analysis of statistical findings are contributing to and strengthening the study’s validities. You should also demonstrate your ability to PRIORITIZE these validities based on the type of claim being made. I highly recommend referencing Chapter 3 of the textbook, including the “Working It Through” section on page 81, to help you with this part of the assignment. Discussion of the validities is the “meat” of your literature review. That is, you should spend more time on this section (and it should eventually be longer) than the article summary section. Three goals in discussing each validity: Demonstrate to me that you understand what that particular type of validity measures; Discuss the methods/ aspects of the study’s design that address that particular type of validity; Be straightforward in explaining why an aspect of the study addresses that particular validity AND why that particular validity is or isn’t a priority based on the claims being made. Remember that you can say something, anything!, about each of the validities even if they are not a priority or addressed in the design. Here are a few things that might be relevant to your study that you should include in each subsection: Construct Validity remind readers of each of the variables analyzed in the study and identify each variable as either independent and dependent, or predictor and criterion variable describe how each variable is manipulated/ measured/ operationally defined explain why the method of measurement used contributes to the study’s construct validity state why construct validity is/is not a priority for this type of claim External Validity describe participant recruitment and the demographics of the sample explain the population that the researcher(s) hope to generalize their findings to share why you think the sampling method contributes to the external validity state why external validity is/is not a priority for this type of claim Statistical Validity remind your reader of the research questions being tested and state the type of statistical analyses used to address each question were the findings significant and well-supported by data? describe effect sizes and other stats here (frequencies, correlation coefficients, means, p-values/significance, etc) and discuss why you think they strengthen or weaken the statistical validity of the study state why statistical validity is/is not a priority for this type of claim (even if statistical validity is not a priority you should still describe the statistics used) Did You Know? Pages 457 through 504 of your textbook provide you with a very comprehensive review of statistics? Check It Out! Internal Validity describe the design used – correlational, quasi-experimental, experimental, repeated measures, pre-test/ post-test, etc. state whether the three criteria for causality are established – 1. covariance, 2. temporal precedence, and 3. ruling out confounds (see Table 3.6 in text) share why aspects of the design contribute (or don’t) to the study’s internal validity state why internal validity is/is not a priority for this type of claim Formatting Details & Writing Tips A well-written paper is ORGANIZED! Since this may be the first APA-style research report you’ve worked on, I have uploaded a Step 2 template to assist you with required formatting. You will need Microsoft Word to use this document, which is available for free to SWC students (please see Course Orientation module if you have not yet accessed this software). Remember to separate different ideas using paragraphs to help your reader follow along. You may have multiple paragraphs per section – this is fine! Read your paper out loud to yourself to catch typos or awkward phrases. If you are confused by what you’ve written or what the point is that you are trying to make, then chances are, the reader is too. Scientific writing should be simple and straightforward. I recommend visiting the Writing Center to have someone look over your paper to help you (plus, extra credit!). Please review the OWL at Purdue for APA formatting guidelines. A title page is not necessary at this stage in the game, but a References Page is required! Did You Know? Pages 516-524 of your textbook describe formatting in APA-Style and provides five suggestions for becoming a stronger writer! Check it out! You Must Include Citations! Don’t forget: Any time you mention, describe, paraphrase, or quote someone else’s work (including the textbook), you need to provide an in-text citation in the body of your work and a full-text citation on the References Page. Here’s a quick example of both types of citations: Example paragraph (with in-text citation) A few researchers in the linguistics field have developed training programs designed to improve native speakers’ ability to understand accented speech (Derwing, Rossiter, & Munro, 2002; Thomas, 2004). Their training techniques are based on the research described above indicating that comprehension improves with exposure to non-native speech. Derwing et al. (2002) conducted their training with students preparing to be social workers, but note that other professionals who work with non-native speakers could benefit from a similar program. References (full-text citations) Derwing, T. M., Rossiter, M. J., & Munro, M. J. (2002). Teaching native speakers to listen to foreign-accented speech. Journal of Multilingual and Multicultural Development, 23(4), 245-259. Thomas, H. K. (2004). Training strategies for improving listeners’ comprehension of foreign-accented speech (Doctoral dissertation). University of Colorado, Boulder. Indenting the second line of each reference (called a hanging indent) and italics placement matters! Please review APA rules (Links to an external site.) for in-text citations and a correctly formatted References page. Better to go overboard with in-text citations than risk plagiarizing. When first introducing an article, I’d like you to include the entire article title, all authors (Last Name, First Initial), and the publication year in parentheses. Then, all subsequent mentions of the article will follow APA Style in-text citations. For example, your summary paragraph would start… In the article, “It’s Raining Cats and Dogs” by Warner, C., Inzunza, A., and Suess, D. (2020), blah blah blah… A repeated measures design is used to reveal that blah blah blah (Warner et al., 2020). Every subsequent in-text citation would then utilize either of the following formats: To end a sentence: …blah blah blah (Warner et al., 2020). No “et al.” needed if there is only one author as “et al.” can be translated to “and others.” To use the author’s name in a sentence: Warner et al. (2020) suggest blah blah blah…. Plagiarism, the act of using another person’s words or ideas without giving credit to the author, carries serious consequences in college: the work receives a failing grade, and the plagiarizer may also receive a failing grade for the course and/or face misconduct charges (see Southwestern College Catalog). When in doubt, ask me! I am happy to talk through any use of sources with you to ensure you are citing correctly. Avoid using direct quotes – You should only be quoting the author’s exact words if it is something so technical or specific that you couldn’t come up with any other way to put it into your own words. Because I am asking you to summarize information, most of what you will write about should be paraphrased (and not directly quoted). All essays will be run through VeriCite plagiarism detection software upon submission. You will need to check the box acknowledging this and SWC’s academic honesty policy before submitting your paper, and I encourage you to check the results of this scan. If you see any issues, you can fix them and resubmit as long as the due date has not passed. References- References: Persichetti, E. (n.d.). Unplugging: An Evidence-Based Project to Reduce Screen Time and Improve Healthy Media Use in the Adolescent Population. doi:10.22371/07.2020.024 Mattu, A., & Luna, K. (n.d.). Speaking of Psychology: Giving Away Psychology in the Digital Age [transcript]. PsycEXTRA Dataset. doi:10.1037/e502782019-001 O’Reilly, M. (2020). Social media and adolescent mental health: The good, the bad and the ugly. Journal of Mental Health, 29(2), 200-206. doi:10.1080/09638237.2020.1714007 Yayan, E. H., Da?, Y. S., & Düken, M. E. (2018). The effects of technology use on working young loneliness and social relationships. Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 55(2), 194-200. doi:10.1111/ppc.12318 Domoff, S. E., Radesky, J. S., Harrison, K., Riley, H., Lumeng, J. C., & Miller, A. L. (2018). A Naturalistic Study of Child and Family Screen Media and Mobile Device Use. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 28(2), 401-410. doi:10.1007/s10826-018-1275-1