Psychology

· Do you think a high context, high power distance relationship or a low context, low power distance relationship is appropriate between a coach and athletes?  · Is your answer dependent on culture, sport, gender, or age group? For more information on Coach and Player Relationship read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Coaching

Explain how you could use the information contained in the Masters and Johnson Human Sexual Response Cycle and the Kaplan three Stages of Sexual Response in your work with clients. In your response, include a clinical scenario to illustrate your points. Just need 150 words For more information on the Human Sexual Response Cycle read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Human_sexual_response_cycle

Marijuana has now been legalized in numerous states. Some people believe this has resulted in an increase in impaired drivers on the road and that traffic fatalities have increased as a result. While some drug tests taken at the scene of accidents do indicate the presence of marijuana, such tests only reveal that the drug has been used—they do not indicate actual intoxication, as indicators of marijuana use can stay in the system for days or even weeks after actual use. What are some likely ethical issues arising from such testing? How do you think the status of “impaired” can be legally established to enforce safety if exact intoxication is not measured by current tests?  The second half of your Discussion Board assignment will be your responsibility to another PSY 1010 classmate in Unit III. Be sure to include the name of the person or question to which you are replying in the subject line. For example, “Tom’s response to Susan’s comment.”  ***Be sure to proof your responses before posting to eliminate misspellings and typos. Please also use punctuation and capitalize where necessary. Ex- “I” is always capitalized. Proofing your work will ensure that your message is clear and understood by your reader, a necessity in communication. Points will be deducted if these guidelines are not followed. ALSO PLEASE REPLY TO ANOTHER STUDENTS COMMENT BELOW  Christopher: Firstly, I believe impairments of any nature should be prohibited while operating vehicles or heavy equipment.  In this scenario, I feel that there needs to be more accurate testing with a means of quantifying the concentration currently in the body to attain whether there is or isn’t an actual impairment. Ethically speaking, it isn’t justified to charge someone as impaired if your test is triggering a positive result based on a previous impairment not attributing to the investigation on hand. Charging someone for impaired driving for previous consumption that has already metabolized is comparable to getting a DUI-Alcohol for the half bottle of vodka consumed with dinner 48hours prior. With a substance like marijuana, a more adequate way to test would be to find probably cause via the tests mentioned, followed by a cognitive function test after a positive test result. A cognitive function test could even be similar to the tests given by neurologists to concussion/TBI patients to guage the severity of injury to the normal brain functions. For more information on Marijuana read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cannabis_(drug)

The Assignment (3–5 pages) Explain the significance of confidentiality in ethical psychological practice, as it applies to the case above. Explain how your feelings, beliefs, attitudes, and cultural perspectives might influence how you conceptualize this case. Support your explanation with at least two peer-reviewed journal articles on confidentiality from the Learning Resources to support your points. Use correct APA-style format for your paper. For more information on Ethical Psychological Practice read this: 

reply to the next 2 discussions from your peers, make sure you include at least one question on each discussion  discussion 1 Motivating operation (MO) discriminative stimuli (SD) are similar in the sense that they both occur prior to a response and they both alter the frequency of behavior (Cooper, Heron & Heward, 2020). There are two different types of MO’s: establishing operations and abolishing operations, with establishing operations the value of stimuli as a reinforcer is increased and with abolishing operations the value of stimuli as a reinforcer is decreased (Miltenberger 2016). A SD indicates that reinforcement is available while MO’s alter the effectiveness as a reinforcer at a given time. Four-term contingency: MO: It is 5pm and Shannon has not eaten since 7:30 am, so has been. SD: She sees her mom has some food, Behavior: Shannon asks her mom for a bite of food Consequence: She receives food from her mother. MO: The deprivation from food made food as a reinforcer more valuable SD: Shannon knew from past experiences that if she sees her mother with food, that reinforcement for the behavior of asking for food is available. Behavior: Asking for food Consequence: Hunger is removed. From what I have learned about MO’s behavior analysts can contrive these to make responses occur more or less frequently. If you provide someone with noncontingent attention throughout the day, they are less likely to engage in attention seeking behaviors to gain that reinforcement. If you withhold a stimulus, a response that is reinforced by this stimulus may increase due to deprivation.   Jasmine Carter ABA References: Cooper, J. O., Heron, T. E., & Heward, W. L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson. Miltenberger, R. G. (2016). Behavior modification: Principles and procedures (6th ed.). Boston, MA: Cengage Learning. discussion 2   Motivating operations (MO) and Discriminative Stimuli (SD) have similarities and also differences. Some of the similarities that occur before a behavior and alter the frequency of a behavior (Cooper et al., 2020). They are also both known as operant variables. Some differences are that motivating operations alter the value of a stimulus as a reinforcer which makes it more or less likely to occur (Miltenberger, 2016). Motivating operations also evokes behavior when the reinforcer is more valuable and abates behavior when the reinforcer is less valuable (Miltenberger, 2016). Behavior that is evoked is known as establishing operation and behavior that is abated is known as abolishing operation (Miltenberger, 2016). An example of MO would be: I have a stomachache after being Mexican food. My mom reaches in the cabinet and gives me Pepto-Bismol. I asked for some Pepto-Bismol and drink it. The stomachache subsides. In this example, the MO is the stomachache. The value of Pepto-Bismol is altered because of the stomachache. Without a stomachache Pepto would not be valuable. The SD is my mom reaches in the cabinet for Pepto which causes me to ask for it and drink it. Behavior analysts can contrive MOs to change behavior by learning what motivates an individual or what they like in order to target behavior. For example, if you are swinging a child and they are laughing smiling and having fun, you can stop swinging and have them request “more” since they are motivated for this item. Michele Roberts References: Cooper, J.O., Heron, T.E., & Heward, W.L. (2020). Applied behavior analysis (3rd ed.). Hoboken, NJ: Pearson Miltenberger, R.G. (2016). Behavior Modification: Principles and Procedures. Cengage Learning. For more information on Frequency of Behavior read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Frequency_domain

At least half of the paper should discuss the theory and then you will apply it in arguing for or against some position on the contemporary topic. For more information on Natural Law Theory read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Natural_law

Individual Project 1 – Research Trends in Biopsychology The final project is designed to help you connect the information you learned in this course to real-life problems. I would like to see you integrate the information you have learned throughout the term to conduct a literature review related to one of the topics discussed below Consider the discussion question (you may choose more than one, up to 3) and how it applies to daily life. See what you can find in current peer-reviewed research articles to support the ideas you decide to discuss.  Some examples of the discussion questions found in the Lindberg textbook include: What challenges do you see that daily-life researchers may face in their studies? How can they be overcome? How do you think smartphones and other mobile electronic devices will change psychological research? What are their promises for the field? And what are their pitfalls? Pick a psychological phenomenon that you would like to know more about. What specific hypothesis would you like to test? What psychophysiological methods might be appropriate for testing this hypothesis and why? What is behind the expression “use your gray matter,” and why is it not entirely accurate? If you were interested in the precise time in which a particular brain process occurred, which neuroscience methods could you use? Discuss the role of evolution in understanding what humans call “love” or other forms of prosociality. What are common features of the biochemistry of “love” and “safety,” and why are these important to human health? Name 3–4 environmental factors that influence the epigenome and describe their effects. Do you think omnivores, herbivores, or carnivores have a better chance at survival? The extensive network of multisensory areas and neurons in the cortex implies that much perceptual processing occurs in the context of multiple inputs. Could the processing of unimodal information ever be useful? Why or why not? Would you rather have a really good memory or really good metacognition? How might you train someone to develop better metacognition if he or she doesn’t have a very good memory, and what would be the consequences of that training? Describe the physical state of the genome when genes are active and inactive. Often, the physical characteristics of genetically identical twins become increasingly different as they age, even at the molecular level. Explain why this is so (use the terms “environment” and “epigenome”). Name 3–4 environmental factors that influence the epigenome and describe their effects. Explain how the food we eat affects gene expression. Can the diets of parents affect their offspring’s epigenome? Why is converging evidence the best kind of evidence in the study of brain function? If you were interested in whether a particular brain area was involved in a specific behavior, what neuroscience methods could you use? If you were interested in the precise time in which a particular brain process occurred, which neuroscience methods could you use? Use these discussion questions from the textbook to help you explore ideas for your paper. They discuss current trends in biopsychological research and are relevant to our course. Pick one – three (1-3) of these discussion questions from the text and discuss how you feel this research has added to the area of biopsychology. What answers do you propose to the discussion questions? Discuss: What implications does the research have for your personal or professional life? What are some ethical, cultural (i.e. gender, sexual orientation, socio-economic status, religious), global, or legal issues related to the research you are discussing? Use at least two (2) peer-reviewed journal articles for your project from the last 5 years. You will find these articles in the library. If you need assistance finding articles, please consult with the libraries. There are chat options available. Your paper should be at least 2-3 pages in length. Be sure to use APA formatting in your writing. You can become more familiar with these guidelines by reviewing the following resources: For more information on Biopsychology read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Behavioral_neuroscience

Write 1 to 2 Pages APA Style  What do you think is the most important factor in preventing youth violence? Be sure to include the responses to the questions below in your paper. 1. Becoming A Delinquent: General and Neurological Factors 2. Becoming A Delinquent: How Family, Peer, and Community Influences interact 3. Long Term Prospects 4. PReventing and Treating Delinquency For more information on Youth Violence read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Violence

Write a 6-8-page term paper (double-spaced) using APA format. In this paper choose any DSM disorder, whether it has been covered in class or the text, and discuss what treatment may look like within a particular population. Claims should be supported by existing literature on psychopathology, with sources being properly cited.  For more information on DSM Disorder read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Diagnostic_and_Statistical_Manual_of_Mental_Disorders

 John Gottman is one of the foremost scientific researchers on marital relationships, particularly relational satisfaction, and marriage dissolution. He is affiliated with the University of Washington and has authored numerous books, including The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work. Watch the following brief video featuring a summary of Gottman’s seven principles for a happy relationship: https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=t68x6uc5T6c&index=2&list=PLPvkh05Mtn3Tg7_20nKh-KGS5M8NovtrO Relate the principles to at least three specific concepts covered in Chapter 9. Which of the principles do you think is most important? Why? Based on Gottman’s message, what would you tell your adult children or a good friend about what you learned from viewing Gottman’s advice? Please, comment on the answers of two classmates. Why are you agree or disagree with their answers? For more information on The Seven Principles for Making Marriage Work read this: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/The_Seven_Principles_for_Making_Marriage_Work