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Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level In our last discussion, we’re going to change it up a bit. There is no initial opinion question, but rather a library scavenger hunt for trending technology that impacts health care finance and budgeting. Below are the specific instructions. This last discussion needs to begin no later than Wednesday. Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level Instructions to Learners This final discussion is based on what you have learned in your research and readings during this course. Use the library to research two articles and make your initial post no later than Wednesday. In an initial post share two (2) articles from the Excelsior library discussing a new trend of interest to you (such as smartphone apps, iPads or other mobile technology, robotics, nanotechnology, automated care, telemedicine, etc.) that influences some aspect of health care finance (revenues, expenses, billing, coding, etc.). Be sure to provide the full citation and permanent link, so your classmates and instructor can also check it out. Where appropriate, please feel free to include related websites in addition to the article. Librarians can help you locate the article’s permanent link. Provide a brief synopsis in your own words, including why you chose this trend and what its implications are for health care finance at the organizational and patient level. You might even ask your classmates questions concerning the technology’s impacts on finance! As you respond to your classmates’ posts on their technologies, share other implications that you may see and/or experiences you may have had with that particular technology. Please be sure to justify your responses with your readings, as well as your experiences where appropriate. Remember, you are scheduling your professional staff and NOT patients. Remember that an active discussion is the key to an interesting and engaging online course, so start early. Please do not attach any files to the discussion threads. Consult the Discussion Posting Guide for information about writing your discussion posts. It is recommended that you write your post in a document first. Check your work and correct any spelling or grammatical errors. When you are ready to make your initial post, click on “Reply.” Then copy/paste the text into the message field, and click “Post Reply.” To respond to a peer, click “Reply” beneath her or his post and continue as with an initial post. Evaluation This discussion will be graded using a rubric. Please review this rubric prior to beginning the discussion. You can view the rubric on the Course Rubrics page within the Start Here module. All discussions combined are worth 25% of your final course grade. Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level please cite this!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!!! Title: Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level The dark side of consumer life in the age of virtual and mobile technology. Authors: Zolfagharian, Mohammadali1 (AUTHOR) [email protected] Yazdanparast, Atefeh2 (AUTHOR) Source: Journal of Marketing Management. Nov2017, Vol. 33 Issue 15/16, p1304-1335. 32p. Document Type: Article Subject Terms: *Consumer surveys *Attitudes toward technology *Mobile communication systems Consumer behavior research Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level Human-machine relationship Well-being Author-Supplied Keywords: Consumer misbehaviour dark side mobile technology virtual NAICS/Industry Codes: 517210 Wireless Telecommunications Carriers (except Satellite) Abstract: This study extends the nascent stream of research that investigates the contributions of mobile and virtual technology to consumer misbehaviour and dark side of consumer life. Using a qualitative approach, the present research explores the nature of consumer-technology relationship, specifically virtual andmobile technology, at the level of lived experience. The findings reflect eight important facets of technologyrelated dark-side consumer behaviour that, in one way or another, cause harm to the individual user, other consumers or society at large. These themes showcase human entrapment in mobile and virtual technology. The findings have significant implications for marketing managers as well as consumer well-being. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Marketing Management is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder’s express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) Author Affiliations: 1Department of Marketing, Robert C. Vackar College of Business & Entrepreneurship, University of Texas Rio Grande Valley, Edinburg, TX, USA 2Schroeder School of Business Administration, University of Evansville, Evansville, IN, USA Full Text Word Count: 16680 ISSN: 0267-257X DOI: 10.1080/0267257X.2017.1369143 Accession Number: 126264903 Persistent link to this record (Permalink): http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search.ebscohost.com/login.aspx?direct=true&db=bth&AN=126264903&site=eds-live&scope=site Cut and Paste: The” class=”redactor-linkify-object”>http://vlib.excelsior.edu/login?url=https://search… dark side of consumer life in the age of virtual and mobile technology. Database: Business Source Complete Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level This study extends the nascent stream of research that investigates the contributions of mobile and virtual technology to consumer misbehaviour and dark side of consumer life. Using a qualitative approach, the present research explores the nature of consumer–technology relationship, specifically virtual and mobile technology, at the level of lived experience. The findings reflect eight important facets of technology-related dark-side consumer behaviour that, in one way or another, cause harm to the individual user, other consumers or society at large. These themes showcase human entrapment in mobile and virtual technology. The findings have significant implications for marketing managers as well as consumer well-being. Keywords: Consumer misbehaviour; dark side; technology; virtual; mobile INTRODUCTION The digital era, a time in which information in its many forms is ready, available, accessible and immediately sharable as digital media, has presented a situation in which consumers are immersed in a vast and complex array of networks (Aron, [ 5 ]; Verhoef et al., [85]). The development and implementation of digital technologies (e.g. mobile, cloud and wearable technologies) have significantly influenced the structure of individuals’ personal, social and professional lives (Holland & Bardoel, [45]; Rennecker & Godwin, [68]). These technologies are incorporated into the everyday practices of individuals and could consequently bring profound social and behavioural changes and even result in new lifestyles (Garcia-Montes, Caballero-Munoz, & Perez-Alzarez, [35]). In fact, the widespread and comprehensive use of smartphones, tablets and more recently smart watches, among other digital devices, raises questions about the possible consequences for users (connected consumers) and society. Researchers and practitioners have started to notice that the use of such technologies can be a double-edged sword (Turel, Soror, & Steelman, [83]). On one hand, they provide benefits to individuals, organisations and societies. Much research has been devoted to the positive aspects of technologies such as the impact of mobile/virtual technology on improving consumers’ lives with the convenience of access to information, the ability to link people and places regardless of time and geographic limitations, increased productivity and performance, and flexibility and freedom of choice (Beard, [ 8 ]; Jarvenpaa & Lang, [46]; Turel et al., [83]). On the other hand, digital technologies can create adverse and even unexpected consequences for individuals, organisations and society. Only recently concerns over the impact of technology and its use on consumers and their lives have resulted in systematic research on possible negative aspects and consequences of technology use, a field of research referred to as the dark side of technology use (Rosen, Whaling, Rab, Carrier, & Cheever, [70]; Turel et al., [83]). This focus has presented a new and arguably unprecedented context to study consumer misbehaviour as related to digital technologies due to the fact that such technologies are no longer just tools for individuals, but have become an integral part of their everyday lives. As B.J. Fogg, director of Stanford Persuasive Technology Lab, argues, ‘the more influence that technology devices exert over our behaviour, the less control we have over ourselves’ (Leslie, [51], p. 70). This is in line with Hodder’s ([43]) assertions that once individuals are invested in products, they become trapped in maintaining those investments and the benefits that they produce. Smartphones, for instance, have become necessities (Braun, Zolfagharian, & Belk, [13]; Lee, Chang, Lin, & Cheng, [50]; Samaha & Hawi, [73]). Some may even argue that the use of smartphones is a primary aspect of maintaining their productive lifestyles, managing social interactions and achieving professional success (Lundquist, Lefebvre, & Garramone, [55]). The latest data from Pew Research Center shows that 46% of smartphone owners believe that they cannot live without their smartphone (Smith, [74]). Mobile apps account for a significant portion of smartphone usage as well. A 2015 study by Nielsen showed that mobile apps account for 89% of consumers’ media time including social network, email and news apps (Chaffey, [15]). Research in 2012 revealed that, on average, consumers checked their phones 34 times a day not necessarily because they nee ded to, but because it had become a habit (Oulasvirta, Rattenbury, Ma, & Raita, [63]). This number has now increased to an average of 150 times a day (Leslie, [51]), indicating an increasing dependency on mobile technologies. Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level Some researchers have emphasised the downsides of digital technology, especially those of excessive and addictive technology use. Extant research, for instance, has recognised psychological damages of compulsive internet and smartphone use and even smartphone addiction such as depression, sleep disorder, declined academic performance and stress (Chesley, [16]; Lee et al., [50]; Samaha & Hawi, [73]). Other researchers have raised concerns over the negative impacts of online/virtual communications on the development of meaningful and quality social and individual relationships and satisfaction with life (Blais, Craig, Pepler, & Connolly, [12]; Kerkhof, Finkenauer, & Muusses, [48]; Samaha & Hawi, [73]), considering the fact that inelasticity of time results in less time spent with family and friends if more time is spent online (Nie & Erbring, [60]). The present research builds on extant research on dark side of technology use but takes a slightly different approach by drawing from Hodder’s argument that humans and things are relationally produced and that these relationships present a dark side as humans get entrapped in their relations with, and or dependencies on, things ([43]). While the majority of consumer misbehaviour research has focused on how consumer misbehaviour could be damaging to marketers, technology-related consumer misbehaviour could focus on technology-related actions of consumers that have the potential to negatively impact them and/or other consumers. In fact, consumers fall victims to the availability of mobile/virtual, wearable and cloud technologies; their desire and use of these technologies; and the consequent entrapments (Hodder, 2004). In other words, technology users become victims of their own and/or possibly other consumers’ consumption habits and dependencies, giving rise to situations in which the offender and the victim of the misbehaviour are not easily separable from one another. Thus, it is the objective of the present research to explore how the constant interactions of consumers with their mobile devices impact their individual and group behaviours, as well as the sociocultural norms and values of the modern society to provide a better understanding of the overall impact of these interactions on our lives. More specifically, this research is an attempt to shed more light on the dark side of consumer behaviour as related to technology use by focusing on human entrapment in digital technology as a result of technology–human relationships. Such a focus is scarce in consumer misbehaviour research, as the research has traditionally had a micro-orientation focusing on specific types of misbehaviour (see Fullerton & Punj, [34] for similar discussions). The findings contribute to the extant research on consumer misbehaviour by providing insights into the under-researched area of technology-related consumer misbehaviour and identification of the various aspects of the harm caused to consumers who, arguably, are victims of their own misbehaviour. RESEARCH BACKGROUND CONSUMER MISBEHAVIOUR During the past decade, academics and practitioners have started to pay increasing attention to the concept of consumer misbehaviour (e.g. Akbari, Abdolvand, & Ghaffari, [ 1 ]; Daunt & Greer, [20]; Grove, Pickett, Jones, & Dorsch, [38]). This topic has attracted researchers from various disciplines (Fisk et al., [30]) including social psychology (e.g. focusing on unethical decision-making), organisational behaviour (e.g. focusing on employee fraud), services (e.g. focusing on failed service encounters) and criminology (e.g. taxation fraud). Consumer misbehaviour can result in material psychological damages to marketers and consumers and eventually impact the experience of all consumers (Fullerton & Punj, [34]). Due to its high economic impact, consumer misbehaviour has been an attractive topic for marketing researchers. In marketing, destructive consumer behaviours that violate consumption norms (Daunt & Greer, [20]) have been referred to using multiple labels including aberrant (Fullerton & Punj, [33]), Jay (Harris & Reynolds, [41]), deviant (Amine & Gicquel, [ 2 ]; Moschis & Cox, [58]) and dysfunctional behaviour (Harris, [39]; Harris & Reynolds, [40]). Consumer brand sabotage, consumer vigilantism and Pinocchio customer behaviour have also been identified as aspects of dysfunctional consumer behaviour (Aron, [ 5 ]). Specifically, dysfunctional consumer behaviour is defined as thoughtless or abusive actions that cause problems for the firm, employees and other consumers (Lovelock, [54]). Similarly, consumer misbehaviour signifies undesirable acts of consumers, and deviant/aberrant customer behaviour refers to the violation of social norms in consumption situations (Fullerton & Punj, [33]). The research on consumer misbehaviour could be grouped into three areas. First, the majority of extant research investigates why consumers engage in misbehaviours by examining motivating factors and traits associated with such wrongdoings to distinguish aberrant consumers from others (e.g. Akbari et al., [ 1 ]; Daunt & Harris, [21]; Dootson, Johnston, Beatson, & Lings, [24]; Egan & Taylor, [27]; Lee et al., [50]). These studies have focused on demographic, psychological and situational factors (such as age, gender and social class) impacting consumer misbehaviour. Extant research has identified several motives for consumer misbehaviour including absence of moral constraints, thrill-seeking, unfulfilled aspirations and negative attitudes towards exchange institution (Fullerton & Punj, [34]). For example, Dootson et al. ([24]) explored consumers’ perceptions of right and wrong behaviour and their deviance threshold to draw the line between rights and wrongs to better understand why consumers engage in deviant behaviours in the marketplace. Akbari et al. ([ 1 ]) proposed a model of antecedents of consumer misbehaviour in retail stores by focusing on individual variables (e.g. self-esteem), environmental variables (e.g. retail lay out and atmospherics) and situational variables (e.g. perceived risk). Situationally derived opportunity has been identified as a key driver of consumer misbehaviour in extant research (Fullerton & Punj, [33]). Situational opportunism is supported by Routine Activity Theory (Cohen & Felson, [18]), suggesting that consumers do not typically misbehave because they are inherently bad; rather, they arrive at a point in which an opportunity to misbehave presents itself (Daunt & Greer, [20]). Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level Second, research on consumer misbehaviour has focused on developing typologies of dysfunctional consumers or their behaviours. Such studies have focused on specific contexts such as retail (e.g. Akbari et al., [ 1 ]; Lovelock, [53], [54]) and hospitality (Harris & Reynolds, [41]) and offered typologies of misbehaviours. For example, Harris and Reynolds ([41]) identified eight types of deviant customers in the hospitality context including compensation letter writers, undesirable customers, property abusers, service workers, vindictive customers, oral abusers, physical abusers and sexual predators. Following a more general classification, Fowler ([31]) categorised consumer behaviour by whether it meets or violates cultural expectations and institutional norms. Similarly, Bitner, Booms, and Mohr ([11]) developed a typology of four deviant customer behaviours, namely drunkenness, verbal and physical abuse, breaking company policies and lack of cooperation. A recent categorisation developed by Greer ([37]) includes goods-related misbehaviour, interpersonal misbehaviour and relational misbehaviour as related to under-participation and over-participation of customers in service settings. Finally, the third approach to studying dysfunctional consumer behaviour has focused on the consequences of such behaviours. Harris and Reynolds ([40]), for instance, developed a model that identifies three major consequences of dysfunctional consumer behaviour, namely consequences for employees interacting with the consumer (e.g. psychological, emotional and physical effects), as well as consequences for customers (i.e. domino effects and spoils consumption) and organisations (i.e. financial costs). Following a different approach, Fullerton and Punj ([34]) studied the macro effects of consumer misbehaviour as related to the ideology of consumption and consumption experience and argued that consumer misbehaviour has the potential to do as much harm to consumers as do marketers’ misbehaviours. Overall, consumer misbehaviour exists in various formats including misbehaviours directed at marketer employees (e.g. verbal abuse of employees), marketer merchandise (e.g. shoplifting), marketer’s financial assets (e.g. warranty fraud), marketers’ physical or electronic premises (e.g. vandalism) and other consumers (e.g. jumping queues) (Fullerton & Punj, [34]). Another important but under-researched area of consumer misbehaviour is those directed at the consumer himself or herself. Extant research on drug and alcohol addiction, compulsive shopping and gambling tend to view such consumers as victims of their own misbehaviours (e.g. Faber, Christenson, de Zwaan, & Mitchell, [28]; Hirschman, [42]). Notwithstanding these insights, the victimisation effects of technology-related misbehaviour have yet to be understood by consumer researchers. TECHNOLOGY AND CONSUMER MISBEHAVIOUR Compared to the large body of research dedicated to the positive aspects of digital technology use, research on the complex and at times alarming ways in which digital technology affects individuals and organisations and the social life seems sparse (Tarafdar, Gupta, & Turel, [80]). The juxtaposition of these two literatures brings to mind extreme viewpoints or responses to the effects of technology, namely the utopian or optimistic (focusing on the positive aspects of digital technology) and the dystopian or pessimistic views (focusing on the negative aspect of digital technology; Fisher & Wright, [29]; Winner, [88]). The utopian view has received support from modernisation theory, arguing that all societies move through stages of growth and development associated with technological sophistication and its integration with social life of individuals, the outcome of which is material prosperity and advanced lifestyles (Winner, [88]). To the optimists, there are technological solutions to social problems such as the enabling effects of information technology whereby inexpensive and convenient telecommunication overcomes geographic and social limitations (Fisher & Wright, [29]). The dystopian view, however, draws on theories of technological society and focuses on human and environmental costs of rapid technological development (Winner, [88]). This view claims that technology fragments society and isolates people, resulting in loss of strong bonds among consumers (Fisher & Wright, [29]). To pessimists, benefits of access to information and online community are outbid by the decline in habits of sociability. For instance, individuals stay in touch in the virtual world while avoiding direct contact with each other in the public world. Winner ([88]) warns: ‘we can stay in our rooms, stare at flat screens, surf the Internet, and be satisfied with simulacra of human contact’ (p. 1010). Fisher and Wright ([29]) proposed a framework for understanding these extreme responses to technology. Drawing from the theory of cultural lag by William Ogburn ([62]), they argued that the effects of technology will be understood with a lag (i.e. the effects will not be apparent to social actors for some time after the technology is introduced to a society). As such, the optimistic or pessimistic views about the recent forms of digital technology are ideologically charged views that are filled with the hopes and fears of their advocates. Katz and Rice ([47]) also argued that both the utopian and dystopian views are too extreme and neither can accurately describe the individual–technology relationship phenomenon. In fact, the individual–technology relationships are much more complicated than the one-way focus of utopian and dystopian views. The study of consumer misbehaviour with respect to technology has been pursued in two major loci. Psychology, Information and Communication Technologies (ICT) and medical literatures have generally followed a micro approach and focused on the psychological and physiological impacts of technology use on users (e.g. Rosen, Cheever, & Carrier, [69]; Rosen et al., [70]). This is accompanied by a macro approach that aims at understanding the broader sociocultural impacts and the paradoxes of technology in modern life (e.g. Jarvenpaa & Lang, [46]; Mick & Fournier, [57]). Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level Extant research with the micro perspective has examined consequences of instant messaging in the workplace (Cameron & Webster, [14]), compulsive internet use (e.g. Kerkhof et al., [48]), internet addiction (e.g. Young, [89]), smartphone addiction and compulsive use of social media such as Facebook (Rosen et al., [70]). For instance, the use of social networking site (SNS) mobile applications is found to be a significant contributor to mobile phone addiction (Salehan & Negahban, [72]). According to the theory of optimal flow (Csikszentmihalyi, [19]), the enjoyable experience of using information and communication technologies (e.g. mobile devices) for some individuals could result in their interest in maintaining that state even at high costs, ultimately falling in addiction traps (Salehan & Negahban, [72]). Excessive smartphone usage leads to preoccupation with the device; increasing amount of phone use; failure to control or stop phone use; restlessness when the use is reduced; endangering relationships, educational and job opportunities due to the use of phone; and using the phone as a way to regulate mood and feelings of guilt, anxiety and depression (Lee et al., [50]). Such excessive and habitual checking on missed calls or messages has been linked to mobile phone addiction (Bianchi & Phillips, [ 9 ]; Oulasvirta et al., [63]), causing sleep disorder, depression and psychological distress (Chesley, [16]). More recent studies have found that compulsive behaviour under smartphone context shares similarities with other forms of compulsive behaviour such as drug and alcohol addiction and credit card abuse (Lee et al., [50]). Smartphone addiction has been found to have a direct and negative impact on academic performance and a negative and indirect impact on satisfaction with life via increased perceived stress (Samaha & Hawi, [73]). Moreover, invasive mobile use has been associated with health-related risky behaviours like smoking and alcohol consumption (Peretti-Watel, Legleye, & Beck, [66]). Modern diseases and syndromes such as technostress (i.e. stress due to information and communication overload; Ragu-Nathan, Tarafdar, Ragu-Nathan, & Tu, [67]) and vibration syndrome (i.e. false perception of vibration; Drouin, Kaiser, & Miller, [26]) are among other side effects of excessive mobile use. Technostress combines with technology user’s personality traits to engender negative consequences such as high job burnout and low job engagement (Srivastava, Chandra, & Shirish, [76]). Therefore, mobile phone addiction has consequences not only in the individual’s personal life, but also for institutions he or she is part of. The macro approach, on the other hand, recognises both the advantages (e.g. time and labour efficiency, freedom and convenience) and disadvantages of technology (e.g. damages to the environment, lowered human competence and human dependence). It argues that technological products are inescapable in the modern society (Mick & Fournier, [57]) and technology use creates paradoxes or situations that have contradictory qualities (Jarvenpaa & Lang, [46]). Mick and Fournier identified key paradoxes of technology consumption and reported that paradoxes such as control/chaos, freedom/enslavement and new/obsolete are widely experienced by users and are concrete concepts, while other paradoxes such as assimilation/isolation and engaging/disengaging are rather subtle, possessing more abstract qualities. Competence/incompetence, need fulfilment/need creation and efficiency/inefficiency reflect other paradoxical aspects of technology use (see Mick & Fournier, [57]). In line with this stream of research and following an international focus group of technology users in Asia, Europe and United States, Jarvenpaa and Lang ([46]) examined consumer experience with mobile technology and developed a technology interaction process model. The model recognises the role of situational factors in the emergence of eight mobile technology paradoxes, of which four are similar to those identified by Mick and Fournier while the rest (i.e. dependence/independence, engaging/disengaging, public/private and illusion/disillusion) highlight additional aspects of technology paradoxes. Similarly, Bawden and Robinson ([ 7 ]) identified and discussed some of the main paradoxes of information and communication in the contemporary world as related to digital technology. Too much information and paradox of choice refers to the quantity and diversity of information available and its resulting impact on information overload and information anxiety. This paradox maintains that there is too much information to handle, and also there are several formats and channels of communication to share the information resulting in information overload. Experiencing information overload could result in feeling overwhelmed due to loss of control (especially when multitasking) or even tendency for information avoidance due to information anxiety. Such consequences give rise to the paradox of choice in terms of access to information (Bawden & Robinson, [ 7 ]). Moreover, Web 2.0 and the end of civilisation is another paradoxical issue that is related to the changing information environment with the advent of Web 2.0 and its potential impact on the loss of identity and authority. According to Bawden and Robinson ([ 7 ]), the possibility of maintaining anonymity and pseudonomity when making comments or modifying contents has given rise to false claims and confusion regarding the genuineness of information available on the web (Bawden & Robinson, [ 7 ]). This has caused phenomena such as micro-chunking (de-contextualisation of information), shallow novelty (expectation of constant novelty yielding shallow and short-lived material) and information impermanence (constant updating of information undermining the notions of original or final formats; Bawden & Robinson, [ 7 ]). The paradoxes of information and communication also highlight issues related to privacy, trust and self-disclosure in the digital era. Self-disclosure refers to the amount and ease of information shared with others (Taddei & Contena, [79]). However, this openness of self and self-related information could be threatening to personal privacy. Privacy is defined as no interference in the individual’s life without permission and is strongly related with having control over information about self (Taddei & Contena, [79]). As such, perceived control over information can generate trust, lower privacy concerns, and result in more information sharing and self-disclosure. The birth of online social networks has increased the tendency and even the necessity for self-disclosure, encouraging users to share and exchange information about their personal lives on SNSs. It has, however, also given rise to risks associated with use of these environments including defamation, sexual misconduct and intellectual property theft (Taddei & Contena, [79]). Sociology, criminology and ethics literatures emphasise the role of norms and expectations in forming trust or having faith in other individuals to avoid misbehaviour. Consequently, concerns over the norms and expectations of behaviour related to privacy/trust in the digital era are accelerating and creating yet another aspect of dark side of technology use. Overall, research on paradoxes of technology provides insights into areas that deserve further exploration to shed light on the dark sides of technology use. Technology paradoxes are an inherent part of user experience. The identified paradoxes, in fact, highlight rather a grey area of technology use, but do not necessarily identify technology-related consumer misbehaviours. Such a task would require a deeper analysis of the consumer–technology interactions to pinpoint consumer victimisation instances. For instance, the empowerment/enslavement paradox highlights the permanent connectivity via mobile technology and the inability of users to distance themselves from other users (Jarvenpaa & Lang, [46]). This has resulted in a culture that expects constant availability. Another example is the independence/dependence paradox, which is related to the power to connect regardless of space and time limitations and the consequent dependence it creates (Jarvenpaa & Lang, [46]). This paradox may explain constant checking of smartphones discussed earlier. Discussion: health care finance at the organizational and patient level Dual-systems theories provide a fertile ground to better understand the use of mobile technologies (Soror, Hammer, Steelman, Davis, & Limayem, [75]). According to dual-systems theories, human behaviour is guided by two systems, namely reflexive (automatic) and reflective (controlling) systems. The reflexive system processes information using cognitive and affective associations to trigger rapid behavioural responses by directly activating pre-existing action tendencies or habits. In contrast, the reflective system processes information based on rules to exert control over and if needed override automatic responses. Smartphone use (and perhaps use of other digital te

Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision please take a look about the comments and fix them please. my prof comments : good start – we do nee dot disucss a couple of points. Usig this sample has some limitiations so lets talk and find one more tool to add to your methods. See comments please. ——- let me know please what i have to answer them because i have presentation with my facility after tomorrow. Also highlight the comments after corrections. Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision attachment_1 An Emergency Operations Plan for King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital January 22, 2020 Abstract Emergency Operations Plans are an important component of public health emergency preparedness. They are vital to mitigating the consequences of a disaster. The Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) in King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital, Al-Jubail needs to be revised and updated to better respond to and recover from emergencies. In this paper, is thus, a proposed EOP model which contains five mission areas: protection, prevention, response, mitigation, and recovery. These mission areas are defined and followed by an outline of planning principles that feature a consideration of all potential hazards and threats, leadership, provision for functional needs and access to resources, and the use of a collaborative procedure in EOP planning. The principles are followed by instruction in the six steps of the planning process: forming a collaborative planning team; identifying hazards and threats and risk assessment; determining objectives and goals; developing an action plan; preparing, reviewing, and approving the plan; and planning maintenance and implementation. Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision 1 An Emergency Operations Plan for King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital 1.1 Background of Study King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail takes a proactive role to mitigate, respond to, and recover from any possible technological and natural hazards or terrorist events. The Hospital is occasionally monitored to determine the occurrence or the potential occurrence of an event that could result in an emergency or a disaster. King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail hopes to prevent emergencies as soon as they occur and to facilitate an efficient and orderly response to and recovery from all emergencies and disasters. These emergencies can be prevented with the use of an Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), which is a tool that provides the processes and the structure that the organization uses to respond to and initially recover from an event. This EOP is the response and recovery component of the hospital’s Emergency Management Plan. While King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail already has an EOP, there is a need to revise and update it to better respond to and recover from emergencies, especially since the EOP was last updated five years ago. King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital’s EOP is meant to be an all-hazards plan and is designed to respond to all the emergencies that could affect hospital operations as identified in the Hazards Vulnerability Analysis. The Emergency Operations Plan is established to ensure that there are available personnel, equipment, supplies, facilities, and other resources required to continue with patient care during emergencies. Furthermore, the plan addresses victims’ medical needs during emergencies. King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital’s current Emergency Operations Plan is inclusive of the six critical elements of: Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision Staff responsibilities Utilities Resources and assets Communications Security and safety Clinical Supports services It has been five years since King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital’s EOP was last updated. Within this period, there have been several occurrences all over the world, including the COVID-19 pandemic, landslides, wildfires, and even influenza surge. Specific to Saudi Arabia, the COVID-19 pandemic, fires, the 2017 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak which was first reported in 2017 and floods, are some of the incidents that have occurred within the past five years. In the past, Saudi Arabia has seen disasters such as heavy rains, fire during hajj, Jizan floods, Jeddah floods and Rift Valley Fever outbreak. Among other disasters to look out for are technological hazards such as the breakdown of hospital equipment, disasters such as terrorist attacks and major MVCs, natural disasters like floods, rains, and epidemics. All these incidents have shown the need to constantly review and update the Emergency Operations Plan, thus the following proposal. 1.2 Purpose Statement The mission of King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail is to improve people’s health in the society by providing quality health, cost-effective, and hospital services consistent with this mission. The administration, medical staff, and the Governing Body of King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail have established and provided for ongoing support for an Emergency Management Program as conceived by the Hospital’s formal Emergency Management Committee. However, there is a need to review this Emergency Operations Plan and provide recommendations on how to improve it to meet the Hospital’s mission and vision better. The current EOP has not been updated for five years. There is thus, a need to assess, review, and update it since there have been various disasters, such as the ongoing novel coronavirus and the 2017 Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus outbreak, that have shown the need to update the Emergency Operations Plan constantly to support pandemic illness planning. are currently required to identify outbreaks and implement effective isolation and suspected cases quickly. This requirement calls upon the need to regularly update the Emergency Operations Plan to accommodate for such emergency disasters. The purpose of this proposal for the King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail Emergency Operations Plan is thus, to define the Emergency Operations Plan, to respond effectively to disasters that pose immediate threat and danger to the safety and health of the staff, patients, and visitors. Its goal is to assemble a strong team of department representatives whose early involvement in the plan will speed up the coordination of hospital assistance to impacted areas of King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail. The coordinated efforts of this team will supply and re-supply assets and resources that are necessary for meeting the urgent needs that arise from disasters. They will work to coordinate all the crisis management functions that are crucial to King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital’s restoration and recovery. This project aims to describe the response as well as the recovery process of the hospital facility from all hazards such as uncontrolled fires, earthquakes, floods as well as bombing and explosions. It entails the response to both internal emergencies, that is, situations that affect the hospital staff and patients and external disasters that disrupt the hospital environments increasing the demand for healthcare services. It will also give an outline of the need for the project, the personnel in charge of the whole emergency process, the resources and activities to be carried out as well as a description of the interaction between these activities to achieve maximum response to the emergency. Furthermore, the methodologies utilized in the project completion will also be documented. These methodologies include the conduction of interviews to look for views on the Emergency Operations Plan (EOP) used within the Hospital under study as well as the various recommendations on how it can be further improved for maximum disaster management. 1.3 Need for the Project An Emergency Operations Plan (EOP), is an essential requirement in the overall process of disaster management, as outlined by the Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA). This comprehensive approach to disaster management aids in the achievement of the maximum patient and healthcare personnel safety as well as a timely return of the healthcare facility into its pre-disaster level. Its main role is to give an outline of the responses as well as the recovery process of the various healthcare facilities to all hazardous events. These disasters could affect hospitals directly by damaging the ir buildings and disruption on the essential utilities such as power, or it could result in mass effects within its surroundings hence increasing the demand for healthcare services. Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision Saudi Arabia is prone to various disasters, whichnclude both natural and man-made events. These include floods, earthquakes, tsunamis, hurricanes, uncontrolled fires, bombings as well as dust and sandstorms (Pararas-Carayannis, 2013). The eastern province of the country, for instance, is mainly affected by shifting dunes as well as dust storms which have a direct effect on the people living within those environments especially those suffering from lung diseases as it serves as an exacerbating factor. Dust storms also cause blurring of the environment hence reducing visibility which results in increased cases of both traffic accidents and plane crashes. This will, in turn, increase the demand for healthcare services in the healthcare facilities in that region. Bioterrorists attacks such as explosions and bombing are also prevalent in some parts of the country with some being targeted on the healthcare facilities hence affecting the healthcare personnel, patients as well as an overall disruption in the healthcare provision process. The prevalence of the above disasters in the country necessitates a well-formulated EOP within King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital. The six elements within the Joint Commission’s Emergency Management Standards should be incorporated during the document formulation. These key elements include- “communication, resources and assets, security and safety, hospital staff responsibilities, utilities as well as various clinical support activities” to facilitate the coordination of the overall response to the emergency (Canton, 2019). They are necessary as they enhance accountability and the ease of the EOP. Moreover, the various phases of the Emergency Management Cycle, including mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery, should be considered during the EOP formulation. The reason for this is that these phases are vital to making plans, identifying, and providing resources to protect people from hazards. A systematic approach would be to treat each of the four actions as one phase of a comprehensive process, with each phase building on the accomplishments of the preceding one so as to achieve the overall goal of minimizing the impact caused by emergencies. The formation of the EOP should also be based on the national standards as well as a systematic analysis of the various disasters that show prevalence within the region. These two considerations, coupled with collaboration and the four phases of the emergency cycle are key for the effectiveness of an EOP. They are necessary for the achievement of the main goals and objectives of the hospital EOP, which are to ensure effective preparation and management of disasters and to restore hospital operational capacities to normalcy. The functions of the EOP include: The assignment of the various roles to the health organization, including the healthcare providers, should be carried out in the cases of emergencies exceeding their capacities. Description of how the various activities will be coordinated to achieve its goals and objectives. Description of how disaster victims will be provided with safety and security in cases of disasters. It also outlines the various property protection measures. Identification of the resources, the disaster management personnel, and the essential equipment and alternate sources for supplies to be utilized in the response and recovery process. The fulfillment of the above-outlined roles, goals, and objectives of the hospital Emergency Operations Plan substantiates the need for an effective scheme that ensures proper management and response to various health emergencies. The ultimate result of the EOP is attention to national standards, four phases of the emergency management cycle, systematic analysis of hazards, and collaboration. Together, these considerations will result in the formulation of an efficacious approach to any future emergencies thus, facilitating early prevention of their effects on disaster victims, the healthcare staff, and the overall health organization. Emergency preparedness is mandatory for numerous situations in day to day operations of King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail. Without it, it would be impossible for the hospital to lessen the threat posed by emergencies. As such, it should find ways of using the resources at its disposal to prepare for and handle possible threats to the hospital, its personnel, and other people within it. According to the National Academies of Sciences (2007), an analysis of various emergencies such as tsunamis and earthquakes shows that although proper planning may be done, it is still possible not to respond to and recover from emergencies. World Health Organization Director Dr. Michael Ryan provided much-needed insight into how planning in the Emergency Operations Centers affects the proper handling of a disaster (Ryan, 2013) . The most important thing is that the success of the disaster management operations is dependent on how well prepared the organizations involved are and the level of cooperation they have (Ryan, 2013). These centers usually bring various professionals with expertise in different sectors and from different organizations that have diverse ways of handling situations. These professionals are then divided into small groups. They have to find a way to understand the current situation and work out a way of allocating the scarce resources that they have. During an emergency, a hospital is most likely already operating at full capacity, and is forced to take in more patients (Ryan, 2013). The number of beds, pharmaceutical resources, and rooms available may be limited. It is also not uncommon for the Hospital to be lacking a particular specialist who can treat various injuries (Ryan, 2013). Notably, the commonly used method of communication is verbal communication, which presents another set of challenges. The presence of conflictingcould lead to confusion which makes the situation worse (Ryan, 2013). Richard Oloruntoba, in his analysis of the challenges to plans of the 2009 Victoria bushfires, describes how those handling the disaster were distracted from the main problem and instead focused on a smaller problem that they were able to define and handle more easily. The paper also points out how training tends to focus on making people get to know how to handle and respond to a presumed threat. The primary focus here is the response to the disaster, rather than making the process an investment into the future, for instance by using previous disasters as a foreshadow and thereby being able to prepare for a wider range of challenges (Oloruntoba, 2013). After conducting a study on Finland’s disaster management, Kimmo Laakso and Jari Palomaki pointed out how poor communication can make the situation go from bad to worse when handling a disaster. The main problems identified by this paper were poor awareness of the situation and poor flow of information among those involved in disaster management. The drills in which those involved were trained also failed to function as they should have. Lack of communication at the time disaster struck and after also had consequences (Palomaki, 2013). Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision This project seeks to ensure that in the operations of hospitals, the most important philosophy of disaster management is observed: ensuring that every emergency is handed efficiently especially when considering geographical and organizational demographics. This will require improved communication systems, better planning and response of emergencies and involvement and cooperation of all the stakeholders, especially those at the local level (The Nationa academics of Sciences, 2007). This project looks at what it means for a hospital to accommodate the changing situations, occurrences and threats by updating its EOP. The project will clarify what makes hospital Emergency Operations Plans fail, and go a step further to find new ways to handle emergencies. Coordination and planning between hospitals and other important stakeholders, such as air medics to facilitate the patient transfer, will be highlighted. Ways in which those in the same region can work together to find ways of dealing with sudden increases in capacity includes training, to familiarize personnel with their responsibilities and to acquire the skills needed to perform assigned tasks. Training, tailored towards personnel roles when effectively responding to emergencies, should give thought to the future and how mistakes made in previous emergencies can be avoided as well as the provision of important and scarce resources such as personal protective equipment and pharmaceuticals. When we look at the training of hospital personnel to deal with disasters, a lot of progress has been made over the years, but we need to look into new methods that can ensure the training is standardized and the environment in which it is undertaken is open to further education and expansion (The Nationa academics of Sciences, 2007). Looking into Emergency Operations Plans especially in hospitals, is very important because if a tragedy occurs, be it natural or human-made, this plan could be what determines the extent to which individual lives in the community will be affected. Although some research has been done in this area, very little focuses on the medical field. As highlighted above, there are numerous challenges faced when individuals who don’t normally work together have to do so and often; such situations are unplanned. Given the seriousness of the task they are assigned, it is important that the planning and the systems they use work extremely well and that is what this research paper is hoping to facilitate. 2 Literature Review 2.1 Introduction Emergency management has been attributed to being among the most critical departments in any organization that deals with and avoids risks, especially those that have catastrophic repercussions for regions, communities, and entire countries (National Research Council; Mapping Science Committee, 2007). Emergency management denotes the dynamic process of preparing for, mitigating, reacting to, and recovering from an emergency. The concept deals with the coordination and administration of the resources and activities for dealing with all humanitarian aspects of emergencies. The primary aim of emergency management is to minimize the harmful impact of all hazards, encompassing disasters. The section provides a comprehensive overview of the emergency operations plan, its phases, elements, and the process of creating an emergency response plan. 2.2 Components of Emergency Operations Plan An Emergency Operations Plan is an evolving process considering that it is regularly updated to accommodate the continuously changing situations, occurrences and threats. In particular, recovery efforts are important, and thus getting employees back into the building safely, communicating restrictions, and inviting qualified vendors to repair any physical damages must happen quickly. Adini and Goldberg (2006) reveal that there are various components of the emergency response plan comprising planning, training, drills, and coordination. Other elements include communication, education, and technology (Adini & Goldberg, 2006). Planning entails working through many possible scenarios as all unexpected events should be considered during the development of the Emergency Operations Plan. Training involves conducting both situational and classroom training to help the emergency response team to become confident, informed, and prepared. Moreover, integrators responsible for installing emergency systems should actively engage in educating security and management on the need for efficient and accurate use of the installed systems. Moreover, coordination is a critical component that minimizes conflicts between individual plans and systems, especially in buildings where there are multi-tenant organizations. The approach is crucial in minimizing confusion during an emergency (Adini & Goldberg, 2006). 2.3 The Mission Area of Emergency Operations Planning In their research, Huss et al., state that organization and emergency management provide a comprehensive analysis of ways in which information and trust attribute to the level of organizational preparedness for disasters. In their study, the investigators interviewed and examined data on 227 organizations in Memphis. They analyzed data to assess the extent to which these organizations used hazard-related insights to make relevant decisions. The overwhelming majority of the organizations agreed that the information from these hazard-related insights were both relevant and adequate (Huss, Sadiq, & Weible, 2012). Moreover, organizations under investigation were also asked to identify their sources of information which they trusted for assisting them in the preparation of disaster. The results reveal that more than half of organizations in the region depended on the data for disaster management and that it was sufficient and effective. The researchers further identified the various phases of emergency response planning which comprised mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Mitigation is considered the most inexpensive technique for minimizing the impacts of disasters. It involves the identification of risks and the evaluation of hazards. Therefore, the higher the risk, the more crucial the need to recognize disaster-specific threats through elimination attempts. Preparedness is the second phase and encompass intermittent cycle of planning, organizing, equipping, exercising, evaluation, training and improvement activities that allow an organization or Hospital to ensure effective management and the improvement of efforts to deter, and safeguard, react to, and hence recover from disaster events (Huss, Sadiq, & Weible, 2012). 2.4 The Process of Hazard Emergency Preparedness Ncube and Chimenya (2016), on the other hand, studied hazard emergency preparedness at Onandjokwe Lutheran Healthcare in Namibia, Africa. The investigators used both qualitative and quantitative research techniques and about 120 people participated in the study with a response rate of 75%. The study focused on analyzing the features of the hospital’s disaster system against the current procedure in the healthcare organization. In particular, the results affirmed a moderate insight into the actions and efforts to react to crises comprising disease outbreaks. Furthermore, it was ascertained that positive attempts in threat preparedness were being integrated. Nevertheless, the process needed readjustment, particularly in the lanes of training, infrastructure alignment, and revisions to ensure the process is effective and relevant. The researchers provided a detailed process involved in the Hosp ital’s disaster emergency preparedness encompassing developing policy, examining vulnerability, planning for emergencies, training, and educating in addition to monitoring and evaluation (Ncube & Chimenya, 2016). Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision Specifically, policy development is the first step and focuses on establishing long-term goals by assigning tasks, recommending work practices, and determining criteria for decision-making. Vulnerability examination follows the policy development step and involves the identification and prioritization of possible hazards impacting communities and offers a foundation for the recovery approaches. Organizations or hospitals can then make informed decisions on which risks to prioritize based on the limited available resources. The next step is planning for disasters. Upon the development of policies and assessment of vulnerabilities, having a response plan is critical in ensuring an effective and efficient response during an emergency. The preparedness plan consists of the identification of potential emergency shelters, evacuation frameworks and routes, training of personal for responding to the hazard as well as command and communication procedures. In their research, Ncube and Chimenya, (2016) clarified that an Emergency Operations Plan should comprise an agreed-upon set of activities that can be used to prepare for, react to, and recover from emergencies. Training and education are also a crucial step in the emergency management process. The phase encompasses equipping the emergency team, empowering communities, and allowing them to engage in developing the emergency management strategies and creating awareness on various types of hazards and where to seek help (Ncube & Chimenya, 2016). 2.5 Challenges Associated with Emergency Operations Plans Karagiannis and Synolakis (2017) substantiate the claims that disasters result in overwhelming and unprecedented demands to affected societies and thus pose inherent challenges that seem to complicate efforts reinforcing the response. The investigators delved into the observation of 50 disaster activities whereby they recognized 20 crucial points in Emergency Operation Planning which require improvements. As evidenced in numerous works of literature, it is in such an environment of complexities, uncertainty, and time-constraints that EOP managers are expected to create incident plans that address the various demands that are challenging for emergency managers thereby poorly implementing the plans (Karagiannis & Synolakis, 2017). The researchers sampled the most complex components of Emergency Operations Planning, which constitute collecting of information from the field, response-generated demands, running approximates of the incident, and mobilization time and resource capabilities. Other issues comprise decision-making under tension and uncertainty and course of action development and examination. The study further identified several good practices of incident planning which included the fact that the process was iterative, and the planners revisited various steps in a back and forth approach. Other good practices comprised intuitive and rational decision-making process being used during the occurrence of the incidence and the production of better plans when flexibility is integrated into the course of action to solve the expected developments of the issues or in the decision-making scenarios (Karagiannis & Synolakis, 2017). 2.6 Recommendation: Best Practices of EOPs As evidenced in the literature, planning for hazards, events, and threats have a substantial impact on access to, and provision of healthcare services to the society. Hospitals have been subjected to various requirements to ensure that they are adequately planning for emergencies. Therefore, the emergency management program (EMP) should outline the process of implementing emergency management guidelines of mitigation, preparedness, response, and recovery. Moreover, the program should state the relevant authorities and initiative management and administration. Hospital system planners should ensure the EMP is modified to integrate the current and changing framework of requirements, threats, regulations, and hazards. In particular, adhering to standards will assist the Hospital and other organizations to adequately and effectively react to and recover from hazards in addition to cohesively working with emergency management stakeholders. Therefore, the plan created should be inclusive and must be in line with the local EOPs for information sharing and resource requests (World Health Organization (WHO), 2017). To develop all-hazard plans, the planning process should include all engagement by all involved hospital parties considering that effective planning ensures that the entire community is involved and represented in the planning procedure. The approach can be attributed to the fact that the most complete and logical plans are developed by a diverse planning group encompassing representatives from all hospital departments. Involving the community through representatives and community leaders empowers the society by reinforcing the expectations that the community has a shared responsibility and strengthens the public morale to plan for themselves and their organizations. It is also critical for the planning team to consider the flexibility element associated with the plan which should be able to address both conventional and catastrophic events. This can be done through scalable planning solutions that are likely to be executed and understood correctly by the planning personnel. Consequently, planners should test if the crucial components are adequately flexible by exercising them against possible events of varying magnitude and type (World Health Organization (WHO), 2017). Emergency Operations Plan King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital Revision 3 Method 3.1 Participants The target population in this study were within the hospital setting of King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital in Al-Jubail. This setting was ideal since the goal of the study was to revise and update the EOP of King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital to better respond to and recover from emergencies. Purposeful recruiting was used to identify and confirm the participation of emergency management coordinators have realistic insight, knowledge, and familiarity of the emergency management activities of the hospital, which also extends to strategy implementation and hazard mitigation planning. The resulting 37 participants, comprised of the hospital management including the Hospital Director, the Disaster Coordinator, the medical and the nursing director. The contact information of the participants were obtained from the emergency management office. A chain-referral technique was then used to identify additional practitioners initially not identified using the purposeful recruiting method. These participants were however, not compensated since the budget was not available for true compensation. However, token of appreciations in the form of gift cards and gift certificates were given to the participants. 3.2 Materials One of the materials that was used in the study was questionnaires that were constructed by the researcher. The questionnaires consisted of two parts. The first part of this phase focused on the demographic characteristics of the people who answered the survey questions. These characteristics include age, gender, their exact role, and the duration they have worked in the hospital. The second part of the questionnaire was made up of questions regarding the risk issues within the hospital, such as the availability of disaster managers, the types of resources devoted for disaster management, the hospital’s overall level of disaster preparedness, and the challenges faced in the implementation of the disaster management plans. The second section culminated in a question that asked the respondents to provide a recommendation for improving the current EOP of King King Abdulaziz Naval Base Armed Forces Hospital. Audit reports and surveys were also used to help in the construction of interview questions for the participants. 3.3 Procedure As shown in Figure 3.1, this study’s research process is divided into four distinctive procedures: instructions to participants, ethical considerations, data collection and data analysis. This

Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing CriteriaDoes Not Meet Expectations Approaches Expectations Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Theory 1 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5%. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 1 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 2 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 2 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 3 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 3 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 4 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 4 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing / 25 Theory 5 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 5 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 6 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 6 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 7 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 7 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 8 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 8 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Presentation Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Unattractive; difficult to interpret; poor color choice and slide contrast; slide presentation unorganized; slide effects detract from the content; missing slide headings or sub-headings (if required for organization purposes); missing title/reference slides. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Attractive but somewhat difficult to interpret; somewhat pleasing contrast between text and background, slide presentation may be somewhat disorganized; transitions and slide effects detract from the content; may be missing title or reference slides; included slide headings/sub-headings may detract from presentation. 7.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Attractive; easy to interpret, pleasing colors with strong contrast between text and background, slide presentation organized, good use of transitions and slide effects which enhance the presentation; both title and reference slides are present. Slide headings/sub-headings are used appropriately to organize the presentation. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Excellent use of transitions and effects that enhance the presentation. Presentation is organized and designed for maximum impact of content. / 25 Use of Multimedia, Graphics, Diagrams, and/or Illustrations Weight: 10% 0 points (0 – 29 pts) Does not include required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations or they are irrelevant to topic or detract from slide content or presentation as a whole. 30 points (30 – 34 pts) Required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations are generally relevant but some may not appropriately support the slide content. 35 points (35 – 44 pts) Required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations are highly relevant and acceptably support the slide content; sized and positioned appropriately. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing 50 points (45 – 50 pts) Required multimedia, graphics, diagrams, and/or illustrations add clarity and sophistication to the presentation content; they improve the effectiveness of the presentation. / 50 Writing, Mechanics, and APA Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Style is inappropriate or does not address given audience, purpose, etc. Inconsistent grammar, spelling, and punctuation; APA format and style are not evident throughout the presentation. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Style is somewhat appropriate to given audience and purpose. Repetitive mechanical errors distract the reader. Inconsistencies in language, sentence structure, and/or word choice are present. There are missing APA elements or some are incorrectly formatted throughout the presentation. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Style is appropriate to the given audience and purpose. Word choice is specific and purposeful, and somewhat varied throughout. Minimal mechanical or typographical errors are present, but are not overly distracting. Reference slide and in-text citations have few formatting errors. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Style shows originality and creativity. Word choice is dynamic and varied. Free of mechanical and typographical errors. Reference slide and other in-text citations are formatted correctly using APA elements. / 25 Signature Assignment Title: Theory Overview Signature Assignment Description/Directions: This week, you will develop a PowerPoint presentation reviewing the theories from each module. Please select one theory from each module (1-8) and answer the following questions. You should have two slides per theory: Describe the theory Provide 3 examples of how the theory applies to current practice Provide 3 positive patient outcomes resulting from utilizing the theory Explain 3 benefits to nursing satisfaction when utilizing the theory Describe two barriers to using the theory in practice and at least one method for overcoming each barrier (support methods with sources) Support from literature clearly noted throughout The PowerPoint presentation should include at least two outside references and the textbook. The presentation should contain 2 to 4 slides per theory, for a total of 16 to 32 slides. Module 1: Florence Nightingale theory Module 2: Peplau, Henderson theory, orem Module 3: Johnson, Orlando and 1950s and 190s theory . Module 4: King and Rogers theory module 5: Roy, Neuman and 1970s theory Module 6: Leininger, Newman, and Watson theory Module 7: Parse, Erickson, and Tomlin & Swain Module 8: Theories of the 1980’s and 1990’s When you are ready to submit your work, do the following: 1. If you don’t see “Submissions” below, find the Dropbox submission for this Module. 2. When you submit your assignment it goes through Turnitin, a plagiarism software, to be sure that your work is less than 20% duplicated from other sources unless otherwise noted. Take the time to correct it so the report verifying your work is less than 20% or as required by your instructor. You may edit your paper and resubmit it up to three times or per your instructor’s directions. 3. Submit your assignment by dragging the file into the Dropbox on top of the “Drop files here” or click on the Upload button, navigate to the file, and upload it. 4. Be sure to use the appropriate naming convention on your paper. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing FIRSTINITIAL.LASTNAME-COURSENUMBER-MODULENUMBER Example: J.Smith-540-1.docx Originality Check® Originality Check® enabled Criteria Does Not Meet Expectations Approaches Expectations Meets Expectations Exceeds Expectations Theory 1 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 1 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 2 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing / 25 Theory 2 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 3 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 3 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 4 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 4 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points Assignment: Concepts and Theory in Nursing (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 5 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 5 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 6 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 6 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 7 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 7 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific barrier to implementation described. Methods for overcoming barrier discussed. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Three nursing satisfactions thoroughly discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Two or more specific barriers to implementation described with a method for overcoming each fully discussed. Extensive support from the literature noted within theory discussion. / 25 Theory 8 – Application to Current Practice and Patient Outcomes Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Theory not explained and not related to current practice. No discussion of patient outcomes. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Theory not fully explained and/or unclear application to current practice. Specific patient outcomes not described. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Theory explained and applied to current practice. One or two specific patient outcomes described. 25 points (22.5 – 25 pts) Theory thoroughly explained with three clear applications to current practice. Three or more specific patient outcomes described. / 25 Theory 8 – Nursing Satisfaction, Barriers, and Methods of Overcoming Barriers Weight: 5% 0 points (0 – 14 pts) Missing discussion of nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice. Barriers to implementation and methods for overcoming those barriers not presented. 15 points (15 – 17 pts) Nursing satisfaction in relationship to application of the theory in practice not clear. Barriers to implementation described, but no clear method for overcoming the barriers presented. 17.5 points (17.5 – 22 pts) Nursing satisfaction discussed in relationship to application of the theory in practice. At least one specific b

Nursing

Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 SLP4 – Review the paper you submitted in SLP3, and make a final edit using Track Changes. Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 Also submit a short paper with one or two paragraphs regarding your changes you made to Ch. 2 – summarize the changes and how you think it made this chapter better. I have a chapter 2 done, however according to the Professor I need to revise it and make adjustments. I have 4 modules I need to do. I have uploaded the paper that he wants me to work on. SLP2 – review Ch. 2, paragraph by paragraph, and make notes that indicate: 1) what kind of information is in the paragraph (source, reference, etc.), 2)what is the main point of the paragraph, and 3) how does it support your Project, how does this paragraph relate to your Project and in what way does it help you. SLP4 – Review the paper you submitted in SLP3, and make a final edit using Track Changes SLP5 – Submit your final Ch. 2. monica_slp_3.1_doc_660.docx monica_slp_3_updated.docx Social Media Marketing Strategies in Small BusinessDoctoral Study Project (DSP)Presented to the the Glenn R. Jones College of Businessof Trident University Internationalin Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements for the Degree ofDoctor of Business Administration byMonica PatrickCypress, California2019(Defended mm dd, year) Approved by:Office of Academic AffairsMm dd, yearDean:Debra Louis, Ph. D.Director: Indira Guzman, Ph. D.Committee Chair: name of chairCommittee Member: name the member1Committee Member: name of the member2 © 2020 Monica Patrick CHAPTER II: LITERATURE REVIEW1 IntroductionSince the 1990s, social networks have become widespread globally (Campbell, Anitsal, and Anitsal, 2013). The development of Internet technology has changed the form of communication that affects billions of people. Social networks are online communities based on Internet technologies that enable the functions needed for greater interaction between companies and customers. Due to the expansion of Internet users, broadband connectivity, ease of use, and rapid distribution of social networks; more and more companies have developed appropriate marketing strategies (Goi, 2014; Zhou and Wang, 2014). The higher growth rate of registered Internet and social media users is why marketers are joining social media platforms (Carim and Warwick, 2013). Social networks are important for understanding all aspects of customers and the company. When customers utilize “social media,” they can access product information, online reviews, eligibility for goods and services, and pre-purchase decisions through social media (Wang and Chang, 2013). As a result, companies have more options to define marketing strategies, such as building customer relationships, public communications, digital content channels, flexible advertising, and cheap operations (Best, Manktelow and Taylor, 2014).Social media marketing has been studied through quantitative and qualitative research. For example, in quantitative research conducted by Schniederjans, Cao, and Schniederjans (2013), the use of social network sensitive management strategies in behaviors between praise, intimidation, organizational promotion, and begging is largely related to business outcomes. It can cover financial aspects and marketing results. In this study, the marketing results include SMEs results, which can be both financial and non-financial indicators. Therefore, marketing results can be evaluated based on the results of the previous year, such as increased sales growth, net profit, reduced cost of sales, and leader or manager satisfaction (Eid and El-Gohary, 2013; O’Sullivan and Abela, 2007).Furthermore, most social network research has focused on consumer perspectives such as consumer behavior, electronic verbal communication, and online shopping (Eagleman, 2013; Wang and Chang, 2013; Wolny and Mueller, 2013).These topics highlight research gaps in the literature. Interestingly, in the context of e-commerce, there are two main points, namely the rapid growth of registered users of any social media platform; however, the percentage of using social media strategies in B2C transactions is still the lowest. This is a warning and challenge in e-commerce operations; we also need to understand how to build a competitive advantage and successful marketing results. Marketing is the biggest battle that marketing teams have to face, and it’s also the senior management of small businesses. Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 Whenever a customer thinks about a product or service, the seller wants to link that product or service to its brand compared to its competitors. Whether through traditional or digital marketing techniques, small business owners are busy promoting their business. One of the best ways to win the marketing war is to use social media marketing methods (Haigh, Brubaker and Whiteside, 2012).Social media marketing is a form of internet marketing that involves creating and exchanging content on social media platforms to achieve marketing and brand goals. This is one of the most powerful forms of marketing for companies of all sizes. The number of global social media users increased from 970 million in 2010 to 2.62 billion in 2018. The most commonly used social platforms are Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, YouTube, Pinterest, etc. Social media marketing helps companies achieve their marketing goals by taking advantage of Increased website traffic, increased brand awareness, communication and interaction with the public, and the establishment of brand identity (Hassan, Nadzim and Shiratuddin, 2015).Therefore, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between the SMEs dimension and marketing results in e-commerce companies.2 Literature ReviewIn this study, a conceptual framework of social media marketing strategy and marketing outcome is explicitly discussed and elaborately examined. SMMS is a big problem for Internet marketers and can help companies improve their marketing results in the digital age. One aspect of social media marketing is meeting traditional marketing needs, which is a new type of information management practice (Dahnil et al., 2014). That’s why social media is a new type of media that companies should engage with their customers in social media design and planning. In addition, previous research found that social networks are new marketing tools to interact with customers. Therefore, Parveen, Jaafar, and Ainin (2015) point out that social network are used for various purposes, such as advertising, promotion, brand development, information retrieval, and strengthening customer relationships. In addition, it impacts business results by reducing marketing activities and customer service costs. Similarly, the study looked at the impact of social networks on the Malaysian banking industry, such as dialogue, communication, publishing and participation. Therefore, communication between banks and their customers requires the use of social networks, especially to support the development of new products or product innovations, improve customer satisfaction, and establish an image of “organizing and promoting strategic development” (Goi, 2014).This shows that social media marketing can be not only a new communication tool, but also a new way to showcase the products and services that companies are working to promote and achieve better competition in the digital age. In addition, Dateling and Bick (2013) revealed three main points of the commercial utility of social networks in South Africa, including: digital product promotion, customer service / reputation management in online delivery, and potential content in the marketing process. Social networks can not only communicate with existing customers, but also acquire new customers. Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 Based on the literature review, this study defines SMMS as a marketing action plan that covers all sales, public relations, and customer service through social networks, online communities, or any collaborative media. For better performance (Barker et al., 2013; Evans, 2010). The implementation of the conceptual framework can provide dimensions for social media marketing strategies integrated into previous research (Badea, 2014; Frambach, Prabhu and Verhallen, 2003; Ma, Pant and Sheng, 2011; Bodlaj et al., 2012). These include customer communication channel methods, product diversity introduction knowledge, proactive ability to understand competition, and the direction of market response capabilities, as explained.Social networks play a very important role in most small businesses. But when they use social media to grow their business, they don’t have the strategy they want. The study identified the strategies that small businesses must use to interact with their customers. The document results show how to build relationships, increase sales, increase brand awareness, focus on relationships and start interacting. The advantage of this article is that it is easy to identify the main parts of this article, such as the introduction, data collection and upcoming data analysis. The document clearly raises two research questions: How do small businesses known for social media build their own businesses to attract customers’ attention? How can small businesses increase sales through social networks instead of other social networks? Analysis shows how to collect quantitative data and get results. The only drawback is the introduction of the entire history, as well as the structure of the data collection for discussions and outcome participants (Gholston, Kuofie and Hakim, 2016).Social media has led to fundamental changes in the availability of information and the way in which products are delivered to end consumers. Small business leaders use social media extensively to increase awareness and sustainability. Taneja and Toombs (2014) pointed out that the purpose of this article is to check whether social networks have effectively promoted the company and which social network is leading, the differences in the use of social networks compared to competitors, and the advantages and limitations of traditional social networks the way. The most important information in this article is the most important information that has been introduced, such as the comparison between social networks and traditional media, and the advantages of social networks in identifying visibility, sustainability, and profitability. The pros and cons of using social media for marketing and the challenges encountered during implementation. Successful strategies that small businesses can apply; the weakness of this article is the lack of quantitative analysis. However, the goal is to simplify but ignore one of the important aspects that should be classified as a research article.Taneja and Toombs (2014) report that social media has changed the way information is provided, structured and usable to reach current and future customers and other customers. Small business leaders use social media marketing to increase their business visibility, feasibility, and sustainability to survive in today’s highly competitive era. This document is very important for my research because it reveals my theme by increasing the value of literature by reducing the emphasis on the role and importance of social networks in small businesses. The goals are: (1) to analyze the most effective social networks in marketing and promoting small organizations; (2) to study the advantages and limitations of social media in small business marketing strategies compared to traditional promotional tools; (3) to identify social networks How to help companies differentiate from competitors; (4) Analyze the importance of small businesses that include social media in their marketing activities.The main purpose of advertising is to increase awareness. In recent years, companies have shifted from traditional marketing strategies to digital marketing and social media marketing. Small business owners are skeptical of social and digital marketing. This document focuses on analysis of results based on statistical analysis such as ANOVA. Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 This document presents the results based on quantitative and qualitative analysis. The strength of the article is an analysis based on quantitative data obtained from respondents classified by gender, age, education and company size. The results are easy to explain because Facebook is a widely used social network and email is the digital marketing medium for advertising products. The weakness of this article is that it did not provide detailed information as a participant in research and data analysis (Cole, DeNardin and Clow, 2017).The entrepreneur is so involved in day-to-day business activities that he doesn’t realize how much time should be spent advertising the company. In recent years, many social media options (e.g. Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, etc.) have been developed and used to promote the company. The strength of this article is the simple design used by the author. The challenge is the lack of appropriate forms of writing research, for example, a lack of literature review, data analysis, conclusions, conclusions, and acceptance. The results are not supported by other research documents or quantitative data (Dettman-Bielefeldt, 2016).According to Tettman-Bielefeldt, T., social media is constantly evolving and presenting new challenges in the marketing of small businesses. Companies recognize that online presence alone is not enough. It must be appropriate and have an online strategy for a specific goal. The study is relevant to this study because it explains how companies make strategic sales in a competitive business environment. The document indicates that companies should consider their online strategies more carefully.Ninety six percent of small businesses report that social media activities used for business promotion are managed at home, but 19% of companies tend to outsource them. About 33 hours per week are used for marketing activities, which is equivalent to $ 273. The advantage of this article is that the results are presented in a quantitative form, because 40% of companies prefer to advertise on TV and radio, 23% of companies prefer online banner ads, and 20% of companies prefer local media with advertising, 22% of companies prefer websites. The challenge is the lack of appropriate forms of writing research, for example, a lack of literature reviews, data analysis, results, conclusions, and recognition (continuing contact: small business owners willing to outsource social media and other marketing activities, 2013).With the popularity of social networks, many companies have stabilized their presence in social networks. Social networks are used to exchange virus information (Schulze, Schöler and Skiera, 2015). The purpose of this article is to introduce different approaches to developing a strategy that meets your advertising needs. This document focuses on social media marketing for different types of products. The purpose of this work is to perform quantitative analysis. For example, social marketing strategies for strangers account for 7%, while social marketing strategies for friends account for 7%. Also, unlike other strategies, reducing activity in social networks by 11% is consistent with incentive strategies. Follow incentive strategies. The challenge strategy is the lack of properly documented research formats, such as data, results, conclusions, and performance analysis. Social media marketing has been very useful for companies in the 21st century. This article aims to identify the research gap between two research questions: How to define and conceptualize strategic marketing in social media? What factors should be considered when developing an organization’s marketing strategy in social media? This article provides a theoretical framework related to effective marketing strategies in social media (Felix, Rauschnabel, and Hinsch, 2017). The advantage of this article is that it is easy to identify the main parts of the article, such as introduction, data collection, data analysis, etc. The document clearly points out two research questions. Analysis shows how to collect quantitative data and get results. There are no weaknesses in this article, as each weakness is described in detail.Social networks target functional brands, not target brands. This article introduces the relationship between marketing strategies in social media, functional brands and target brands. The information comes from 133 participants in the Jordanian market sector. The analysis is based on the SPSS statistical tool. Analysis shows that the concept of the target brand should be explored and used to monitor the brand among customers. The advantage of this article is that it is easy to identify the main parts of the article, such as input, data collection, data analysis, etc. The document clearly defines research questions and assumptions.Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 The question is: which strategy encourages customers to switch from browsers to paying customers? What is the direction of social media marketing between functional and targeted strategies? The analysis shows how to collect quantitative data and how to obtain results through descriptive analysis and hypothesis testing. The only challenge in this article is the interpretation of the results, as the document focuses on hypothesis testing that is not easily understood by ordinary people (Al-Zyoud and Al-Ahliyya, 2018).Arrigo (2018) provides a comprehensive and important systematic approach to the academic literature on social media marketing. The focus of this article is to use relevant headings to distinguish aspects such as introduction, theoretical basis, research methods, data extraction, results and discussion. The challenge for this article is the lack of quantitative data analysis, the use of literature reviews to draw conclusions, and the difficulty of finding the results of this article with numbers.Over the past decade, social marketing has proven to be a major area of ??research. The study involved 371 students from a large university in India. Social media marketing activities have five dimensions. Social media marketing has a positive impact on customers, and customer equality factors have a positive impact on customer loyalty. The advantage of the article is the use of statistical analysis to obtain results. The challenge of this article is that it is difficult to understand the results of hypothesis testing, the structure of the research documents that are missing from the documents (such as introductions, literature reviews, research methods, etc.) and the results of difficult to identify documents due to too much information. He provides content that prevents readers from reading the entire document (Yadav and Rahman, 2018).It turns out that social media is a powerful tool to promote the company’s development, which can not only increase revenue, but also increase brand awareness and provide a competitive advantage. Small businesses must determine what they want to achieve and plan their marketing strategies accordingly. Some important factors to consider are controlled social media channels and target market analysis. The advantage of sources is that applications can be easily interpreted based on marketing strategies. Weaknesses include the lack of a format suitable for writing research. For example, research does not include abstracts, data analysis, literature reviews, conclusions, etc. The study did not propose an analysis based on any theory, but merely a peer-reviewed article. This theory has not been empirically verified (Choudhary, 2018).According to Choudhara, social networks have become a great medium for all businesses today. Because these platforms can generate more revenue, attract more companies, and increase brand awareness, today’s companies must have sound social media marketing strategies. These channels can be used to connect with recipients to generate high-quality content, multimedia and personalization. The document complements my research background and emphasizes the importance of social networking.Small businesses must consider the current environment in order to be able to use social media effectively. However, most companies do not specify a pre-sales strategy. It is necessary to determine the pros and cons of social networks, their applications and customer engagement. Some advantages are flexibility and cost effectiveness, while disadvantages are confidentiality and hacking.Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 The strengths of this research are discussions related to important achievements that have been achieved, such as strategies, customer engagement, applications, strengths and weaknesses, applications and methods in small companies. This article doesn’t have any weaknesses because everything has been covered in detail. Sources of terms used in this article are scientific journals and books. These concepts were empirically validated based on conclusions about small business assistance (Gholston, Kuofie, and Hakim, 2016).Social media marketing is important because companies want global visibility of their products and services. To expand the market, marketing teams must define social media marketing strategies so that everything goes according to plan. This article discusses an analysis based on a research project and research question. Some important variables identified in the study are the role in business, education, certain tourism sectors, etc. The analysis is based on quantitative data collected from 234 sampling units. The study was designed based on a 95% confidence interval. The strength of the source is that every aspect of the survey has been properly described and accurate conclusions have been reached using statistical techniques. The only weakness related to this article is the lack of understanding of the results by ordinary people. The source of this theory is based on statistical techniques such as relevance, which indicates a positive correlation between brand and marketing. The concept has been validated through experience with the above results, that is, a close relationship between tourism competitiveness and social media marketing (Patient Rambe, 2017)The study was conducted by Rambe, who said that the increasing importance of social media marketing to increase global reach and visibility of products and services is ideal for tourism industry, which the tourism industry depends on visitors; Local and international for Profit from business activities and competitiveness.However, in the tourism literature, the integration of marketing on social networks with the tourism SME’s competitive strategy is still scarce. To address this grey area, the study investigated the extent to which small and medium-sized tourism companies are using social networking (SMT) technology to increase their market share and its impact on the competitiveness of business activities. Based on a quantitative approach, a survey of 234 tourism SME owners / managers in the Free State of South Africa was conducted to determine the impact of social media marketing on their business competitiveness. Evidence suggests that small and medium-sized tourism companies primarily use social media marketing for the online marketing of their products / services, the promotion of products / services, attract existing customers, and sometimes combine them with their marketing strategies. The results of related analysis show that social media marketing has a positive and significant relationship with the competitiveness of small and medium-sized tourism companies. Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 Proposals have been made to combine social media marketing with competitive strategies for small businesses.As the number of people using social media increases, companies use social media marketing to promote products and build brand awareness. We found that users spend about 4 to 5 hours per week on social networks. Some important forms of social networks are blogs, forums, Weibo, social networks, etc. The results show that you need to build an online reputation with the public in order to gain brand reputation. The benefits of sources are detailed descriptions of multiple aspects, such as the benefits of social media marketing, marketing challenges, and an overview of research articles such as problem descriptions, goals, literature reviews, and more. The only disadvantage of this document is that the article content is not rendered correctly according to their location. The source of this theory is statistical techniques, which represent information in the form of various diagrams. There is no difference from other applicable theories, and the theory has been empirically verified (Karimi and Naghibi, 2015).It turns out that social networks are an interesting opportunity for companies to promote their products and brands among the recipients. Social networking has become a strategic element of business promotion and marketing. The platform proved to be very useful for small businesses. The study suggests strategies that small businesses should use to achieve instant market and industry growth. The strengths of this document are a detailed description of all social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Pinterest, discussions related to business improvement strategies, and recommendations for small businesses. The job-related challenge is that no statistical techniques have been used to draw conclusions. The source of the theory is based on a literature review and quantified based on discussion. The theory has been empirically verified based on the recommendations and applications made (Basri and Siam, 2017).Companies focused on social media marketing should also explore the challenges they face. Efforts should be made to increase relationships, engage, and build online communities to provide immediate assistance. Social media is one of the cheap marketing strategies that can cover almost all industries. The only factor to consider is the rational use of resources. The advantages of this document include a detailed analysis of various factors, such as the benefits of social networks, the challenges associated with using social networks, the use of quantitative data for analysis, and strategies to improve business opportunities. Work-related challenges include a lack of organization of work content and a lack of visual representation of statistics. This application is not supported for quantitative deadlines. Sources of terms used in this article are scientific journals and books. These concepts have been empirically validated based on findings that helped small businesses (White, 2017).It turns out that social media is a powerful tool to promote the company’s development, which can not only increase revenue, but also increase brand awareness and provide a competitive advantage. Small businesses must determine what they want to achieve and plan their marketing strategies accordingly. Some important factors to consider are social channel control and target market analysis. The advantage of sources is that applications can be easily interpreted based on marketing strategies. Weaknesses include the lack of a format suitable for writing research. For example, research does not include abstracts, data analysis, literature reviews, conclusions, etc. The study did not propose an analysis based on any theory, but merely a peer-reviewed article. This theory has not been empirically verified (Choudhary, 2018).Small businesses need to think about the environment so they can use social media effectively. However, most companies do not specify a pre-sales strategy. It is necessary to determine the pros and cons of social networks, their applications and customer engagement. Some advantages are flexibility and cost effectiveness, while disadvantages are confidentiality and hacking.Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 The strengths of this research are discussions related to important achievements that have been achieved, such as strategies, customer engagement, applications, strengths and weaknesses, applications and methods in small companies. This article doesn’t have any weaknesses because everything has been covered in detail. Sources of terms used in this article are scientific journals and books. These concepts have been empirically tested based on conclusions about small business assistance (Gholston, Kuofie, and Hakim, 2016).Social media marketing is important because companies want global visibility of their products and services. To expand the market, marketing teams must define social media marketing strategies so that everything goes according to plan. This article discusses an analysis based on a research project and research question. Some important variables identified in the study are the role in business, education, certain tourism sectors, etc. The analysis is based on quantitative data collected from 234 sampling units. The study was designed based on a 95% confidence interval. The strength of the source is that every aspect of the survey has been properly described and accurate conclusions have been reached using statistical techniques. The only weakness related to this article is the lack of understanding of the results by ordinary people. The source of this theory is based on statistical techniques such as relevance, which indicates a positive correlation between brand and marketing. The concept has been empirically validated in the form of results, showing that there is a strong link between tourism competitiveness and social media marketing (Patient Rambe, 2017).As the number of people using social media increases, companies use social media marketing to promote products and build brand awareness, Provides valuable information on the average time of global online activities. We found that users spend about 4 to 5 hours per week on social networks. Some important forms of social networks are blogs, forums, Weibo, social networks, etc. The results show that you need to build an online reputation with the public in order to gain brand reputation. The benefits of sources are detailed descriptions of multiple aspects, such as the benefits of social media marketing, marketing challenges, and an overview of research articles such as problem descriptions, goals, literature reviews, and more. The only disadvantage of this document is that the article content is not rendered correctly according to their location. The source of this theory is statistical techniques, which represent information in the form of various diagrams. There is no difference from other applicable theories, and the theory has been empirically verified (Karimi and Naghibi, 2015).It turns out that social networks are an interesting opportunity for companies to promote their products and brands among recipients. Social networking has become a strategic element of business promotion and marketing. The platform proved to be very useful for small businesses. The study suggests strategies that small businesses should use to achieve instant market and industry growth. The strengths of this document are a detailed description of all social media platforms such as Facebook, Twitter, YouTube, LinkedIn, and Pinterest, discussions related to business improvement strategies, and recommendations for small businesses. The job-related challenge is that no statistical techniques have been used to draw conclusions. The source of this theory is based on a literature review and discussed in a quantitative manner. The theory has been empirically verified based on the recommendations and applications made (Basri and Siam, 2017).White (2017) said that companies focused on social media marketing should also explore the challenges they face. Efforts should be made to increase relationships, engage, and build online communities to provide immediate assistance. Social media is one of the cheap marketing strategies that can cover almost all industries. Literature Review Social Media SLP 4 The only factor to consider is the rational use of resources. The advantages of this document include a detailed analysis of various factors, such as the benefits of social networks, the challenges associated with using social networks, the use of quantitative data for analysis, and strategies to improve business opportunities. Work-related challenges includ

Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Pandemic readiness in the acute health care setting Mariann England Aspen University Nursing Capstone Dr. Julie Kolde July 26, 2020 Chapter One Background to the study A pandemic is a global spread of a new ailment, one which traverses transnational borders and eventually affects a large proportion of the population. A pandemic is an unforeseen and unavoidable event, characterized by its indeterminate scope, length, and consequence. Besides posing a high morbidity and mortality rate threat, pandemics can overwhelm medical care structures and substantial societal and monetary disturbance (Bali et al., 2017). Pandemics result from the surfacing of an antigenically new microbe for which there is no erstwhile body resistance, usually with a reassortment of previously humanoid or animal microbial genomes. Readiness to pandemics comprises planning and organization, monitoring and evaluating circumstances, communication, continuity of medical care delivery, and curbing the disease’s spread. Pandemics, and their resultant effects, may persist for months to years. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary approach is imperative in the disease response strategies, particularly at the state and sub-state levels. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone The threat of a pandemic or contagious illness vastly spreading skulks inaudibly beneath the surface of routine hospital operations and at the population in general. Instants of alarm instigate waves of preparedness as novel microbes and transmutations pose evanescent threats. Pandemic-preparedness needs to be founded on generic alacrity programs, resources, mechanisms, and approaches for crisis and disaster management (Shearer et al., 2020). Pandemic-preparedness is fundamental in ensuring that health and other indispensable structures continue to function during a pandemic, thereby decreasing the pandemic’s economic and social effects. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone The effects of a pandemic, whether mild or severe, may affect a large population hence may require a response from multisector over several weeks, months, or years. Therefore, the health care sector needs to have strategies to assist in dealing with such incidences. Also, it is essential to have a clear plan for responding to a pandemic at the national and sub-national levels. A clear pandemic plan should be put in place to aid the health professions in developing response strategies in case it occurs. The pandemic plan, which is a written document, should be subjected to continuous reviews and revision based on the changes with the global changes on pandemic response guidelines. In the occurrence of an epidemic or pandemic, the healthcare professions have a moral obligation to take care of the community and the society against the adverse effects of the pandemic. In this regard, they ought to be adequately prepared to protect their lives while taking care of others. The nursing professions are particularly exposed to the pandemic effects as they take care of the affected population. As such, they need to have a well-documented plan and strategies that would be used to control the pandemic while safeguarding their health. This study is significant in the assessment of the preparedness of the healthcare professions in dealing with pandemics. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Purpose of the study Pandemic preparedness in the healthcare sector is an essential area of study, especially for the health care professions. This study plays a significant role in addressing the challenges encountered in the case of inadequate pandemic preparedness. The study is designed to investigate the pandemic preparedness in the acute care setting, focusing on personal protective equipment conservation, availability, and efficiency of the testing sites. The purpose of the study also aims at determining the levels of pandemic preparedness in acute care settings, with an emphasis on policy, planning and management efforts, and the ensuing modifications put in place to counteract future pandemics (Goniewicz & Goniewicz, 2020). This is important to the nursing profession as they will be able to identify the gaps that exist in the disaster response measures. Analytical data collected are essential in developing a pandemic response plan that will assist healthcare professionals in dealing with the gaps identified. This study will help policymakers and ground-level clinicians point out the gaps and insufficiency in the pandemic or crisis management protocols already in place. This study will outline the need for nurses’ integral involvement in collaboration with other professional teams towards pandemic preparedness. Project significance and rationale Pandemics are a significant challenge to policymakers, medical care professionals, legislators, and public health leaders. Any form of readiness plan should incorporate local and transnational harmonization to operate more proficiently with the limited means accessible. Whenever a significant fraction of the population is disease-ridden, the overall figure of the acute incidents can undoubtedly overwhelm the medical care systems available (Tsamakis et al., 2020). Consequently, critical care delivery is faced with numerous challenges in terms of preparedness and readiness, surge capacity, management systems, contagion control, and clinical guidance. This study will help policymakers and ground-level clinicians point out the gaps and insufficiency in the pandemic or crisis management protocols already in place. This study will outline the need for the integral involvement of nurses, in collaboration with other professional teams towards pandemic preparedness. This study will also shed more light on nurses’ expanding role in the response and management of pandemics, which will significantly help advance nursing science. With all this information, it will be possible for the healthcare profession to provide adequate healthcare to the patients without putting their health at risk, given their role and professional obligation (Goniewicz & Goniewicz, 2020). Pandemic preparedness is vital for the nursing profession as it helps develop strategies that are important in dealing with the pandemic. Health care providers have a professional obligation to take care of the community at large. Nurses are required to provide direct care to the patients and sometimes expose themselves to the pandemic, which may be life-threatening to their personal life. It is crucial to be prepared more adequately when dealing with the effects of a pandemic. This study is of great importance to the professions as they assess their preparedness in dealing with any pandemic and how they can protect their health (Stephen, 2019). Taking the current pandemic of Covid-19 as an example, the pandemic has affected a significant number of the world’s population, including the healthcare profession. This is particularly the case since the healthcare profession is in direct contact with their patients and, therefore, more likely to contract the virus. With adequate measures to deal with this kind of a pandemic, the healthcare professions will be protected against its effects as they take care of the other patients. Studies indicate that any pandemic has significant implications in the healthcare system and the most affected being the caregivers. This is because they must take care of the community and place their health at risk. This study has a great significance to the health profession in addressing the gaps in the healthcare profession and the mechanism used to bridge the gaps that may be encountered. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Analysis of literature In the event of a pandemic, most of the population is exposed to the pandemic’s high rate, which remains at 40-60 % of the affected population. However, the lack of the necessary guidelines and standards in the fight against the pandemic can be the most critical failure in the acute healthcare setting. Therefore, it is essential for the healthcare setting to be ready and well prepared with measures and strategies to counter the effects of a pandemic. The world has witnessed different incidences of pandemics that remain a significant health burden to many different countries. One kind of pandemic is Influenza, which affects a large population of different countries. Due to the growth of urbanization and global transportation, it is evident that it is likely to spread rapidly across the world in the case of a pandemic. Therefore, Pandemic readiness in the acute health care setting remains an essential factor in the successful containment of these pandemics through proper planning. Preparedness is essential in minimizing the pandemic’s growth and spread, reducing the cases and incidences of a pandemic, preserving essential services, reducing hospitalization and deaths, and preventing the incidences of economic crisis. The management has a significant role to play when it comes to the fight against a pandemic. Research indicates that with poor planning, the effects of an infectious pandemic can be vital. Currently, most acute health care settings have inadequate accounting and interaction procedures, poor training on health care providers, poor programs on disaster preparedness, and inadequate essential preventive equipment such as ventilators and other essential health care equipment, including ventilators and hospital beds. Some of the plans in place have not yet been tested for their effectiveness, limiting the fight against a pandemic. Description of a pandemic Preparedness A pandemic is a global spread of a new ailment, one which traverses transnational borders and eventually affects a large proportion of the population. A is an unforeseen and unavoidable event, characterized by its indeterminate scope, length, and consequence. Besides posing a high morbidity and mortality rate threat, pandemics can overwhelm medical care structures and substantial societal and monetary disturbance (Bali et al., 2017). Pandemics result from an antigenically new microbe’s surfacing for which there is no erstwhile body resistance, usually with a reassortment of previously humanoid or animal microbial genomes. Readiness to pandemics comprises planning and organization, monitoring and evaluating circumstances, communication, continuity of medical care delivery, and curbing the disease’s spread. Pandemics, and their resultant effects, may persist for months to years. Therefore, a multi-disciplinary approach is imperative in the disease response strategies, particularly at the state and sub-state levels. The threat of a pandemic or contagious illness vastly spreading skulks inaudibly beneath the surface of routine hospital operations and at the population in general. Instants of alarm instigate waves of preparedness as novel microbes and transmutations pose evanescent threats. Pandemic-preparedness should be founded on generic alacrity programs, resources, mechanisms, and approaches for crisis and disaster management (Shearer et al., 2020). Pandemic-preparedness is fundamental in ensuring that health and other indispensable structures continue to function during a pandemic, thereby decreasing the economic and social effects of the pandemic The objective of planning and organization efforts is to offer direction and harmonization across all sectors involved in pandemics management. A collapse in disaster-response lags national and local efforts towards the control of a pandemic. As yet, exertions to boost testing has been directed on operational matters: adequacy of the testing capacity, the pervasive scarcities and supply-chain failures, and strategies to scale-up testing to the vast figures necessitated to ease the pandemic (Madhav et al., 2017). Availing additional tests is not an approach in and of itself. If sufficient tests were achieved, this question would still linger in our minds: What resolves are the outcomes intended to inform? Testing has numerous rationales other than diagnosis and ensuring safety for health care staff. Testing data is necessary for the management of all the features of a pandemic. For example, this data is the keystone of pandemic extrapolative models. That makes known the future demand for attention, the timing of surges, and the scale of the necessary emergency amenities. Devoid of reliable testing data, analysts depend on presumption and assumptions. The protocols of education in a pandemic aim at shrinking the contact and transmission rates of the infectious disease (Schneider, 2020). Educational strategies include encouraging respiratory propriety, basic hygiene, suitable aeration, social distancing, and disseminating appropriate and accurate health messages. Personal protective equipment, such as masks, gloves, and isolation gowns, help reduce the risk of exposure to an infectious pathogen for health care providers. The hastily flagging supply of such equipment, paired with the supply chain’s challenges, has triggered a high alarm and could significantly encumber the capability to ensure the safety to the care providers (WHO, 2020). This calls conservative approaches such as reducing access into the isolation settings, reducing the demand for personal protective equipment by temporarily doing away with elective surgical procedures and other unnecessary encounters, and reusing the material, which encompasses prolonging their use, decontamination with ultraviolet light and reusing some of the equipment up to several times. Importance of pandemic preparedness The impact of a pandemic in a nation or across the globe is severe and, therefore, needs to be well prepared in case it occurs. Currently, most healthcare facilities are not well equipped, so the acute pandemic’s impact is likely to strike hard. For instance, the current Covid-19 pandemic and the infrastructures used in the containment of the disease are the same infrastructures used in addressing pandemic and seasonal Influenza over the decades. This is an indication of the underfunding of the healthcare facilities that limit the ability to address pandemics. Research indicates that acute healthcare settings are not prepared to address the outbreak of pandemic or infectious diseases. There are outbreaks of acute pandemic almost every year that claims thousands of life almost every year. Some of the acute pandemics have similar symptoms and therefore making the containment and management process a challenge. However, with proper management, the healthcare setting may have the required infrastructure and machines to handle the pandemic. It is essential for all the health sector stakeholders to combine efforts in the fight against the pandemic that continues to affect the world every year. According to Goodman (2020), there is the need to have combined efforts in both the public and private sectors as a global partnership to succeed in fighting against the pandemic. Having preventive measures and being prepared will ensure that the global GDP is not severely affected by the pandemic as it has been the case every year. For instance, the current pandemic has severely affected the world’s economy, with the effect standing at 2% as of April in the United States alone (Goodman, 2020). The private sector can strengthen the health sector infrastructures as a vital part of fighting the pandemic. Also, the fight against the pandemic requires the collaboration of all the sectors, communities, families, and individual efforts to develop essential policies essential in fighting the pandemic. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Development of pandemic preparedness policies and strategies is vital in the acute health setting because it will help the health professionals have the required resources to fight the pandemic. Therefore, the fight against the pandemic becomes active, and the country can save as many lives as possible. Nurses are mostly exposed to the dangers as they take care of the patients. Therefore, with effective preparedness in the fight against a pandemic, there are less exposed to the dangers as they handle the patients. Therefore, it is crucial to have continuous pandemic preparedness training for the health care providers and especially the nursing profession, to successfully counter the pandemic’s effects. This ensures that the providers of essential services are not affected. Provision of necessary equipment such as personal protective equipment and other training on how to provide essential services in the acute healthcare setting is essential as the professionals are better equipped with the needed knowledge and skills in the fight against infectious pandemics (Carbell & Christian, 2011). Studies recommend that preparedness acute healthcare settings against a pandemic is an integral part of a successful fight against pandemic (Goodman, 2020). There is the need to have well-documented policies in disaster preparedness at all levels of acute health care, which provides room for effective containment of the pandemic. Combined efforts of all the stakeholders in the acute health care setting play a vital role in the success of pandemic containment, which includes measures to have all the essential procedures being up to date in pandemic preparedness. Essential pandemic preparedness measures Health care providers in the acute healthcare setting should be well prepared in the containment of acute pandemics that strike the world every year. Most acute pandemics are infectious diseases that spread from one person to another, and the rate of spreading is high. Given that it requires much time to understand the epidemiology of any infectious disease, it is equally essential to have adequate procedures and strategies to contain it. This involves international and national level planning to take care of the high number of patients expected to flood in the hospital in case of a pandemic (Stephen, 2019). Most healthcare facilities have the inadequate infrastructure required to contain a pandemic with hospitals operating at near or in full capacity (Stephen, 2019). The infrastructures currently used are the same used in decades, limiting the effectiveness in the fight against a pandemic. There is a shortage of health care providers, while emergency preparedness is always crowded. Many healthcare facilities lack enough hospital beds, while the emergency room is not well equipped with required materials such as the ventilators, which are vital in pandemic management. The healthcare workers are also at risk of being exposed to the pandemic as they care for the patients due to the lack of enough personal protective equipment. Therefore, there is the need to have all these issues being addressed to successfully contain the pandemic (Carbell & Christian, 2011). The following are essential emergency preparedness requirements in a successful fight against the pandemic. Airborne isolation capabilities in acute health care There is the need to have enough airborne isolation capabilities with all the required materials and equipment to address the pandemic. This may include acute inpatient beds in national and regional hospitals. The preparedness ensures that the hospitals are in a position to handle the high cases of infected people effectively. With proper measures in isolation capacity, acute health care can have an interim emergency plan that will address the needs in the event of an outbreak. Therefore, the health care facilities will be able to house the patients safely in their isolation rooms. Necessary equipment required in the isolation room should be availed, such as ventilators required for success in the fight against a pandemic. Staffing The successful control of a pandemic requires adequate staffing of health care providers to take care of the infected persons. Therefore, hospitals need to have adequate staff required to take care of the patients. There should also be measures to ensure that health care providers are well prepared and adequately trained to address the needs of the patients while protecting themselves against infectious disease. Vaccine Most important is the preparedness in protecting the healthcare providers against a pandemic, which is possible through vaccination. There is a need to have a well-structured strategy to quickly research the disease’s epidemiology and develop a vaccine. Most important is to front the healthcare professionals in receiving the vaccine in the event of a pandemic. This will motivate the workers in providing patients with the care they need effectively. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Preparedness in the event of a pandemic is essential in the acute healthcare setting as it ensures that health care facilities can handle the infections successfully. This requires combined efforts of all the stakeholders for the successful containment of the pandemic. METHOD Procedure This study uses a cohort study design to establish the cause of the ailment and identify links between risk factors. Local hospitals with an operational intensive care unit and emergency department will be recognized and contacted via telephone to help identify the emergency management coordinators in charge of emergency management, planning, and operations. A structured questionnaire was prepared based on an existing pandemic management plan. The survey has its main sections as facility planning data, workforce glitches and structure, and surge capacity. The questionnaire was piloted using a representative number of individuals. Data was collected and computed for univariate and bivariate analysis. A qualitative approach is then used for text responses (Edwards & Brannelly, 2017). The cohort study method applies to this research as a non-experimental study. The participants included in the study are selected based on the interests in the research outcome. The study uses the study design to assess preparedness in a pandemic in the acute healthcare setting. The cohort study involves local hospitals designed to handle intensive care to patients affected by a pandemic. Subjects and participants The research focused on local hospitals with intensive healthcare facilities and emergency departments contacted on the research via telephone. The selected hospitals were subjected to the research. The management in the emergency department and the management in intensive care will be required to fill a pre-prepared questionnaire. These are the most important sources of information on how their health facilities are prepared to fight against a pandemic. The research design requires that the participants be subjected to training on how the response should be made (MacKay et al., 2020). Collection of Data Primary and secondary data were collected in the research in which the participants provided the primary source of data. In contrast, the qualitative approach to a review of past research works on pandemic preparedness was used. The primary data involved the use of a prepared questionnaire based on past research work on pandemic preparedness. Besides, interviews were also good sources of information on how acute healthcare facilities are prepared for the pandemic’s management. The interviews involved 20 healthcare professionals in the emergency and intensive care unit based on their roles in healthcare facilities. A qualitative case study was used to collect secondary data on the preparedness of healthcare facilities in the fight and management of the pandemic in the acute health care setting. There was a need to prevent biases. Therefore, the information was sourced from two independent sources: the information provided by the ministry of health and the internet, which provided reviewed articles on the readiness of the acute health care setting in containing a pandemic. The internet database provided such materials from Google Scholar. Did it include search terms such as pandemic readiness in the acute healthcare setting, and how are health care prepared in the fight against the next pandemic? Information provided by healthcare facilities included their procedures in handling the infected patients at the emergency department and the intensive care unit (Edwards & Brannelly, 2017). In the qualitative research methods, the case study approach was more effective in collecting data through a literature review of previous studies on the same topic. This provided valuable information required in the research on the preparedness in the event of a pandemic. Advantage of the data collection strategy The strategy used in collecting data has its advantages over the other methods in the study and therefore considered the most appropriate research method for the study. This is because the cohort study method provides an opportunity to have clarity of the temporal sequence, which determines whether the exposure preceded the expected outcomes. The cohort study method indicates the temporal sequence in the outcome and the exposure. The study also provides an opportunity to calculate incidences of the likelihood of a disease, which can be grouped as absolute risk, relative risk, attributable proportion, and risk difference. The multiple outcomes of the study can also be determined simultaneously. Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone Qualitative data collection is also crucial in research given that the researcher can be more speculative on the interest areas of research and how the investigation is to be done. The research is also more targeted in the whole process, which improves the data collection process while minimizing the cost of the data collection process. Limitations Despite the advantages of the cohort study strategy, some limitations may make the research process a challenge. For instance, a researcher is expected to conduct a follow up of a vast subject over a long period, the study method may be expensive and also consumes much time, may introduce bias as a result of differential loss of participants follow up, data may be of poor quality if the data used was not designed for this type of study (Sedgwick, 2013). In qualitative analysis, the limitation of the study method is that the strategy may be time-consuming, which remains a significant drawback in a research method. The interpretation of the data may also be limited. This is because; qualitative methods may take between weeks and months and given that the data collection may deviate from the main study question. The process is also labor-intensive due to the analysis process, such as recording and categorization, and requires a very experienced researcher to obtain the required information. Finally, the research strategy is not representative statistically. This is because the strategy is based on perspectives, and the responses given are not measured. Also, the research may result in comparison, which may lead to duplication. Therefore, there is a need to cross-examine the data collected to avoid duplication (Sedgwick, 2013). Ethical Issues on Collection Upon the participants Ethical consideration that was considered in the research study includes informed consent, voluntary participation, confidentiality, and anonymity. Information consent ensures that the participants in the research are fully aware of the project. In this regard, the participants were briefed on the study’s expectations to make an informed decision on their participation. Participation in the research was voluntary, and they were allowed to withdraw from the research without discriminations. Finally, the participants’ confidentiality was maintained, and their information was to be confidential only to the program coordinator, and therefore no use of names was done. This ensures that participants remain anonymous (Velip, 2018). Data Analysis The collected data were subjected to statistical analysis, which included collecting the data, analysis, interpretation, and modeling. The analysis involved a descriptive analysis of a set of collected samples and data. The analysis involved statistical tools in computing the data collected from the participants. Chapter 4: Results and Recommendations Health care Workforce Response Twenty-three hospitals were involved in the research project and gave their responses to the questionnaire provided with a response rate of 55%. This involved private and public hospitals, and the hospital size ranged from 40 to 800 hospital beds for inpatient. The hospital beds’ median for the public hospitals being 352 and private hospitals at 101 (median= 260). An equivalent of 180 to 5000 health care professionals and a median of 2370 were identified in both public and private hospitals, while the hospital beds stand at a median of 44 beds in both emergency department and intensive care units. The percentage of the emergency department participants was 41%, respondents from infection control were 23 %, and finally, the percentage of Acute Services and nursing was 14%. Group Frequency Count Control of infections Occupational Health & safety Medical and medical staff Emergency management committee Nursing Director and Staff Emergency Department Quality and Risk ICU 80% 42% 37% 30% 25% 25% 15% 6% 18 8 8 7 6 6 4 2 Table 1: frequency of individual hospital departments in preparing pandemic preparedness and emergency plans Medical staff and hospital executives were cited as the staff members commonly involved in planning the occupational health and safety departments, emergency department, and intensive care units in the infectious departments. The hospitals had a higher planning and preparedness rate in some private hospitals and public hospitals, while some required additional improvement. Therefore, in the case of a pandemic, the respondents indicated that the hospitals would handle the pandemic at a good point, with the variable being the workforce’s availability and how severe the pandemic is likely to be. The respondents reported that the hospital needs in the acute health care setting would not be met adequately due to the high rate of healthcare professional absenteeism. The survey also indicated that some hospitals had achieved the overall guidelines on hygiene standards and precautions training on managing the pandemic. However, the hospitals needed to have an additional provision of personal protective equipment to protect themselves from the infections. When it comes to the health care workers on the preparedness to report to in the wake of a pandemic, many workers were willing to report. Anxiety was evident in the interview, but they were willing to report to the health care facilities. This is based on the hospitals’ preparedness in the reduction of the chances of infections to occur in the hospitals as they attend to the patients. The health care workers reported that appropriate measures were put in place to identify health workers infected and isolation procedures to handle the case, hence preventing other staff infection chances. However, the health care professionals were unwilling to attend to the patients in the next pandemic due to fear of personal and family safety. This is because the workers are expected to be infected first as they are in direct contact with their patients, which would then be transmitted to their family members. Therefore, when healthcare professionals consider themselves at a higher risk of a pandemic in the middle of a pandemic, their chances of reporting to their work station are low. However, according to the respondents, the hospital management was putting measures to ensure that the health care professionals were well taken care of. This includes educational training on how to protect them adequately against the pandemic. The move would prepare the healthcare workers on the protocol update on pandemic preparedness, which would reduce uncertainties.Discussion: Chapter 1 Pandemic Readiness Capstone The respondents viewed the preparedness of the hospital’s capacity to meet the infrastructure required in the fight against a pandemic as a mixed one. The preparedness in the infrastructure was weak, with little pandemic infrastructure presentation hence a potential challenge in addressing the pandemic in case of an increase in the number of cases. As an essential part of the fight against a pandemic, the emergency department was identified as lacking essential facilities to care for the patients. Based on

Nursing

Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric This assignment provides the opportunity for the student to complete an analysis of a concept supported by a nursing theory using an identified process. The assignment fosters analytical thinking related to the selected concept as well as application within the profession. Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric week_3.docx NR501 Concept Analysis Guidelines and RubricPurposeThis assignment provides the opportunity for the student to complete an analysis of a concept supported by a nursing theory using an identified process. The assignment fosters analytical thinking related to the selected concept as well as application within the profession.Course OutcomesThrough this assignment, the student will demonstrate the ability to: (CO#1) Analyze theories from nursing and relevant fields with respect to their components, relationships among the components, logic of the propositions, comprehensiveness, and utility to advanced nursing. (PO1) (CO#3) Communicate the analysis of and proposed strategies for the use of a theory in nursing practice. (PO3, 7, 10) (CO#4) Demonstrate logical and creative thinking in the analysis and application of a theory to nursing practice. (PO4. 7) Due Date Sunday 11:59 PM MT at the end of Week 3 Total Points Possible : 250 PointsRequirements Description of the Assignment This assignment presents a modified method for conducting a concept analysis of ONE concept that is important and useful to nursing. The concept for this assignment must be supported by a published nursing theory. The selected concept is identified and then the elements of the analysis process are applied in order to synthesize knowledge for application as demonstrated through the creation of model, borderline, and contrary cases. Theoretical applications of the concept are also discussed. Non-nursing theories may NOT be used. The paper concludes with a synthesis of the student’s new knowledge about the concept. The scholarly literature is incorporated throughout the analysis. Only the elements identified in this assignment should be used for this concept analysis. Criteria for Content Introduction The introduction substantively presents all the following elements: Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing Identifies the nursing theory that addresses the selected concept. Names the sections of the paper. Scholarly support is required. Definition/Explanation of the selected nursing concept This section includes: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). A substantive discussion of this section with support from nursing literature is required. Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric Literature review This section requires: A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) scholarly nursing literature sources on the selected concept. Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in an organized fashion. Support from nursing literature is required. Please Note: Primary research articles about the selected nursing concept are the most useful resource for the literature review. Defining attributes For this section: A minimum of THREE (3) attributes are required. A substantive discussion of this section with support from nursing literature is required Explanation : An attribute identifies characteristics of a concept. For this situation, the characteristics of the selected nursing concept are identified and discussed. Antecedent and Consequence This section requires the identification of: 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept. 1 consequence of the selected nursing concept. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Explanation: An antecedent is an identifiable occurrence that precedes an event. In this situation, an antecedent precedes a selected nursing concept. A consequence follows or is the result of an event. In this situation a consequence follows or is the result of the selected nursing concept. Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and RubricEmpirical Referents This section requires the identification of: 2 (two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Explanation: An empirical referent is an objective ways to measure or determine the presence of the selected nursing concept. Construct Cases Explanation: hypothetical or real-life situations demonstrating the use or absence of the concept.This section requires the creation of a model case, borderline case, and contrary case. 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas: Definition All identified attributes Explanation: A model case is an example of a hypothetical or real-life situation that demonstrates all of the attributes noted previously in this assignment. 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Explanation: Borderline case is a created case where one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. Contrary case is a created case that demonstrate the complete opposite of the selected nursing concept – all identified attributes are missing. Theoretical Applications of the Concept Discuss the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory. Explain how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Conclusion This section requires: Summarization of key information regarding: Selected nursing concept. Selected nursing theory. Application of concept analysis findings to advanced practice nursing (specific to selected specialty track professional role and/or area of practice). The concluding statements include self-reflection on the new knowledge gained from conducting a concept analysis. (Self-reflection may be written in first-person.) Preparing the Assignment Criteria for Format and Special Instructions The paper (excluding the title page and reference page) should be at least 6, but no more than 8 pages . Points will be lost for not meeting these length requirements. Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the 6 th edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used. The source of the concept for this assignment must be a published nursing Non-nursing theories may NOT be used. A minimum of 6 (six) scholarly references must be used. Required textbooks for this course, and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information may NOT be used as scholarly references for this assignment. A dictionary maybe used as a reference for the section titled “Definition/Explanation of the selected nursing concept”, but it is NOT counted as one of the 6 required scholarly nursing references. Be aware that information from .com websites may be incorrect and should be avoided. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale is provided and the instructor has approved them. Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric Ideas and information from scholarly, peer reviewed, nursing sources must be cited and referenced correctly. Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal, scientific writing. PLEASE note: Do not rely on .com sites to identify the nursing theory as they do not provide accurate information in all cases. Possible Concepts: The following concepts are not required; students may select one of these concepts or find another concept. Each selected concept must be associated with a nursing theory; the use of non-nursing theories is NOT allowed. If you have any questions regarding your concept or the nursing theory, please consult with your faculty member for assistance. Please note: the concepts of incivility and civility are not allowed for this assignment. · Adaptation· Burnout· Caring· Comfort· Compassion· Compassion fatigue· Competence· Cultural humility· Empowerment· Engagement· Health · Leadership· Meaningfulness· Modeling· Noise· Pain· Palliative care· Quality of life· Resilience· Self-care· Sensory overload· Situational awareness Directions and Assignment Criteria Assignment Criteria Points % Description Introduction 10 4 The introduction substantively presents all the following elements: · Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development.· Identifies the selected nursing concept.· Identifies the nursing theory that addresses the selected concept.· Names the sections of the paper.· Scholarly support is required. Definition/Explanation of Selected Concept 25 10 This section includes:· Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required).· A substantive discussion of this section with support from nursing literature is required. Literature Review 35 14 This section requires:· A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) scholarly nursing literature sources on the selected concept.· Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in an organized fashion.· Support from nursing literature is required. Defining Attributes 25 10 For this section:· A minimum of THREE (3) attributes are required.· A substantive discussion of this section with support from nursing literature is required Antecedent & Consequence 25 10 This section requires the identification of:· 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept.· 1 consequence of the selected nursing concept.· A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Empirical Referents 20 8 This section requires the identification of:· 2 (two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept.· A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Construct Cases 30 12 This section requires:· 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas:o Definitiono All identified attributes· 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing.· 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Theoretical Applications of the Concept 30 12 This section requires:· Discussion of the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory.· Explanation on how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory.· A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Conclusion 10 4 This section requires:· Summarization of key information regarding:· Selected nursing concept.· Selected nursing theory.· Application of concept analysis findings to advanced practice nursing (specific to selected specialty track professional role and/or area of practice).· The concluding statements include self-reflection on the new knowledge gained from conducting a concept analysis. (Self-reflection may be written in first-person.) Paper Specifications 20 8 A nursing theory was used. The source of the concept for this assignment was a published nursing theory. Non-nursing theories may NOT be used. Paper meets length requirements of 6 to 8 pages Minimum of 6 scholarly nursing referencesA dictionary (except for Definition section), required textbooks for this course and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information, may NOT be used as scholarly references for this assignment. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale is provided and the instructor has approved them. APA Format (6 th edition) 10 4 Title page, running head, body of paper, and reference page must follow APA guidelines as found in the 6 th edition of the manual. This includes the use of headings for each section of the paper except for the introduction where no heading is used.One deduction for each type of APA style error Citations in Text 5 2 Ideas and information that come from readings must be cited and referenced correctly. Writing Mechanics 5 2 Rules of grammar, spelling, word usage, and punctuation are followed and consistent with formal written work as found in the 6 th edition of the APA manual. Total 250 100 % A quality assignment will meet or exceed all of the above requirements. Grading Rubric Assignment Criteria Exceptional(100%)Outstanding or highest level of performance Exceeds(88%)Very good or high level of performance Meets(80%)Competent or satisfactory level of performance Needs Improvement(38%)Poor or failing level of performance Developing(0)Unsatisfactory level of performance Content Possible Points = 230 Points Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric Introduction 10 Points 9 Points 8 Points 4 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Scholarly support from nursing literature was provided. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Scholarly support from nursing literature was provided. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Limited scholarly support from nursing literature was provided. Presentation ofinformation in one or two of the following elements fails to meet expectations: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Limited or no scholarly support from nursing literature was provided. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements: Identifies the role of concept analysis within theory development. Identifies the selected nursing concept. Identifies the nursing theory from which the selected concept was obtained. A nursing theory was used. Identifies the sections of the paper. Limited or no scholarly support from nursing literature was provided. Definition/ Explanation of Selected Concept 25 Points 22 Points 20 Points 10 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides support from scholarly sources. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides support from scholarly sources. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides limited support from scholarly sources. Presentation ofinformation in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides limited or no scholarly support. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in each of the following elements: Defines/explains the concept using scholarly literature (a dictionary maybe used for this section ONLY, and additional scholarly nursing references are required). Provides limited or no scholarly support. Literature Review 35 Points 31 Points 28 Points 13 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) nursing literature sources on the selected concept. Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in an organized fashion. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) nursing literature sources on the selected concept. Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in an organized fashion. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) nursing literature sources on the selected concept. Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in an organized fashion. Presentation ofinformation in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) nursing literature sources on the selected concept. Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in an organized fashion. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in each of the following elements: A substantive discussion of at least 6 (six) nursing literature sources on the selected concept. Themes, ideas, and/or facts about the concept found in the reviewed sources are presented in a disorganized fashion. Defining Attributes 25 Points 22 Points 20 Points 10 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: A minimum of 3 (three) attributes Support from scholarly sources provided. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: A minimum of 3 (three) attributes are required. Support from scholarly sources provided. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: A minimum of 3 (three) attributes are required. Limited support from scholarly sources provided. Presentation ofinformation in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: One or two attributes of the selected nursing concepts were presented. Limited or no support from scholarly sources provided. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in each of the following elements: No attributes of the selected nursing concept were presented. Limited or no support from scholarly sources provided. Antecedent & Consequence 25 Points 22 Points 20 Points 10 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept. 1 consequence of the selected nursing concept. Support from scholarly nursing literature provided. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept. 1 consequence of the selected nursing concept. Support from scholarly nursing literature provided. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept. 1 consequence of the selected nursing concept. Limited support from scholarly nursing literature provided. Presentation ofinformation in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept. 1 consequence of the selected nursing concept. Limited or no support from scholarly nursing literature was provided. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two or more of the following elements: 1 antecedent of the selected nursing concept. 1 consequence of selected nursing concept. Limited or no support from scholarly literature was provided. Empirical Referents 20 Points 18 Points 16 Points 8 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: 2 (two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept. Support from scholarly nursing literature provided. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: 2 (two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept. Support from scholarly nursing literature provided. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: 2 (two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept. Limited support from scholarly nursing literature provided. Presentation ofinformation in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: 2(two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept. Limited or no support from scholarly nursing literature was provided. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in each of the following elements: 2(two) empirical referents of the selected nursing concept. Limited or no support from scholarly nursing literature was provided. Construct Cases 30 Points 26 Points 24 Points 11 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas:· Definition· All identified attributes 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas:· Definition· All identified attributes 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas:· Definition· All identified attributes 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Presentation ofinformation in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas:· Definition· All identified attributes 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two or more of the following elements: 1 Model Case is created by the student and discussed substantively by demonstrating within the case each of the following areas:· Definition· All identified attributes 1 Borderline Case is created by the student in which one or two of the previously identified attributes are missing. 1 Contrary Case is created by the student that demonstrates the opposite of the selected nursing concepts. All identified attributes of the concept are absent in this case. Theoretical Applications of the Concept 30 Points 26 Points 24 Points 11 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Discusses the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory. Explains how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Discusses the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory. Explains how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Discusses the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory. Explains how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Presentation of information in one of the following elements fails to meet expectations: Discusses the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory. Explains how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in two or more of the following elements: Discusses the purpose of a concept analysis in relationship to theory. Explains how the concept applies to the selected nursing theory. A substantive discussion of the element with support from nursing literature is required. Conclusion 10 Points 9 Points 8 Points 4 Points 0 Points Presentation of information was exceptional and included all of the following elements: Summarizes information on selected nursing concept. Summarizes information on selected nursing theory. Summarizes the application of concept analysis findings to advanced nursing practice. Self-reflection on the new knowledge gained regarding concept analysis. Presentation of information was good, but was superficial in places and included all of the following elements: Summarizes information on selected nursing concept. Summarizes information on selected nursing theory. Summarizes the application of concept analysis findings to advanced nursing practice. Self-reflection on the new knowledge gained regarding concept analysis. Presentation of information was minimally demonstrated in the all of the following elements: Summarizes information on selected nursing concept. Summarizes information on selected nursing theory. Summarizes the application of concept analysis findings to advanced nursing practice. Self-reflection on the new knowledge gained regarding concept analysis. Presentation ofinformation in one or two of the following elements fails to meet expectations: Summarizes information on selected nursing concept. Summarizes information on selected nursing theory. Summarizes the application of concept analysis findings to advanced nursing practice. Self-reflection on the new knowledge gained regarding concept analysis. Assignment: Concept Analysis Guidelines and Rubric Presentation of information is unsatisfactory in three or more of the following elements: Summarizes information on selected nursing concept. Summarizes information on selected nursing theory. Summarizes the application of concept analysis findings to advanced nursing practice. Self-reflection on the new knowledge gained regarding concept analysis. Paper Specifications 20 Points 18 Points 16 Points 8 Points 0 Points This section included all of the following: A nursing theory was used. The source of the concept for this assignment was a published nursing theory. Paper meet length requirements of 6 to 8 page. Minimum of 6 scholarly nursing references A dictionary (except for Definition section), required textbooks for this course and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information, were NOT used as scholarly references. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale was provided and the instructor approved them. This section included three of the following: A nursing theory was used. The source of the concept for this assignment was a published nursing theory. Paper meet length requirements of 6 to 8 pages Minimum of 6 scholarly nursing referencesA dictionary (except for Definition section), required textbooks for this course and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information, were NOT used as scholarly references. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale was provided and the instructor approved them. This section included only two of the following: A nursing theory was used. The source of the concept for this assignment was a published nursing theory. Paper meet length requirements of 6 to 8 pages Minimum of 6 scholarly nursing referencesA dictionary (except for Definition section), required textbooks for this course and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information, were NOT used as scholarly references. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale was provided and the instructor approved them. This section included only one of the following: A nursing theory was used. The source of the concept for this assignment was a published nursing theory. Paper meet length requirements of 6 to 8 pages Minimum of 6 scholarly nursing referencesA dictionary (except for Definition section), required textbooks for this course and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information, were NOT used as scholarly references. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale was provided and the instructor approved them. This section included none of the following: A nursing theory was used. The source of the concept for this assignment was a published nursing theory. Paper meet length requirements of 6 to 8 pages Minimum of 6 scholarly nursing referencesA dictionary (except for Definition section), required textbooks for this course and Chamberlain College of Nursing lesson information, were NOT used as scholarly references. References are current – within a 5-year time frame unless a valid rationale was provided and the instructor approved them. Content Subtotal _____of 230 points Format Possible Points = 20 Points APA Style 10 Points 9 Points 8 Points 4 Points 0 Points APA guidelines, as per the 6 th edition of the manual, are demonstrated for the· title page,· running head,· body of paper (including citations and headings), and· reference pageOne deduction for each type of APA format error 0 to 1 APA error was present APA guidelines, as per the 6 th edition of the manual, are demon

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