Discussion: Advanced Practice Nurse

Discussion: Advanced Practice Nurse
Discussion: Advanced Practice Nurse
I need a substantive post regarding Role Development of the Advanced Practice Nurse. I attached part of chapter 4 for the writing with references. Please follow instructions carefully. Include references. thank you.
Professor instructions to follow:
Is it at least 150 words in length?
Is it directly related to this week’s topics?
Are your observations supported by the ideas of outside experts (like the lectures, text, supplemental readings, or other published resources) ?
Are the ideas of outside experts properly cited in APA format?
Does it include a question to the class?
When you use the ideas of others, you must give credit through an in-text citation and a reference. Finally, any references must conform to the APA version 6 standard as described in the APA Sample Paper in CWE.
Education, accreditation, and certification
APNs demonstrate effective integration of theory, practice and experiences along with increasing degrees of autonomy in judgments and interventions. Intensive post-graduate education is designed to teach an APN to use multiple approaches to , manage the care of individuals and groups, engage in collaborative practices with the patient or client to achieve best outcomes; provide a supportive environment for colleagues; manage the utilization of staff and physical resources; engage in ethically justifiable nursing practice; protect the rights of individuals and groups; engage in activities to improve nursing practice; develop therapeutic and caring relationships; fulfill the conduct requirements of the profession; act to enhance the professional development of self; and function in accordance with legislation and common law affecting nursing practice.
APN education forms the basis of four recognized general areas of specialization:
(CNS)
(NP)
Each nurse specialty can have concentrations in a specific field or patient population.
While education, accreditation, and certification are necessary components of an overall approach to preparing an APN for practice, these roles are regulated by legislation and specific professional regulation. This allows for prescribing and referral, insurance reimbursement, and admitting privileges to health care facilities. In the US, the licensing boards are governed by state regulations and statutes and are the final arbiters of who is recognized to practice within a given state. While APNs are educated differently depending on their specific specialty, all APNs are now trained at the graduate level and are required to attain at least a master’s degree, generally a in their field of concentration.
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In 2004, The (AACN) in conjunction with the (NCSBN) recommended that advanced practice registered nurses move the entry level degree to the doctorate level by 2015. Accordingly, all APN training programs are recommended (but not required as of yet) to convert their master’s degree to a degree by the year 2015. Although the approved this recommendation, it is not requiring program compliance until the year 2025.
The majority of programs will grant a DNP. Because 45% of the nurse anesthesia programs are located in schools of allied health, these programs will award a (DNAP). The DNP will be the direct-entry, minimum academic requirement for advanced practice registered nurses; it is a clinical/practice-based doctorate but because it is not the entry degree for the profession of nursing (which includes advanced practice registered nursing), it is a .
Grandfather exception
Every state has different laws, rules, regulations, licensing and certification requirements for advanced practice registered nurses, thus some states may not have a in their state board of nursing laws, in particular as it may relate to transferring a license from one State to another. The US (NCSBN) continues to work on a collaborative multi-state compact licensure agreement for advanced practice nurses to be able to work in multiple US states with a singular active home state license. There are on-going discussions on expanding that type of licensure nationally similar to the existing for recognition of RN and LPN licenses.
Patient outcomes
Numerous studies have been conducted comparing the patient outcomes of care provided by APNs and physicians. The conclusions reached indicate that outcomes of care by APNs in collaboration with physicians is comparable, and in some instances better, than care by a physician alone. A recent concluded that APN care is safe, cost-effective, and results in similar clinical outcomes and patient satisfaction as compared to care by physicians alone for the populations and in the settings included in the studies. This review did not include data on CRNAs as “no outcomes met the criteria for aggregation.” The review was supported by a grant from the Tri-Council for Nursing and the Advanced Practice Registered Nurse Alliance; no independent reviews have duplicated such findings.
Terminal degrees
An APN may earn a terminal degree in several ways. A terminal degree is generally a doctorate. In some fields, especially those linked to a profession (e.g., medicine, nursing, dentistry, law, optometry, architecture, pharmacy, social work, religious ministry, engineering, accounting, education, etc.), a distinction is to be drawn between a first professional degree, an advanced professional degree, and a terminal academic degree. A first professional degree is generally required by law or custom to practice the profession without limitation. An advanced professional degree provides further training in a specialized area of the profession. A first professional degree is an academic degree designed to prepare the holder for a particular career or profession, fields where scholarly research and academic activity are not the work, but rather the practice of a profession. In many cases, the first professional degree is also the terminal degree because usually no further advanced degree is required for practice in that field even though more advanced professional degrees may exist.
Examples of terminal degrees in research are:
(Ph.D.)
(Ed.D.)
(D.Sc.)
(D.N.Sc., DNS)
Examples of terminal professional degrees in nursing are:
Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP)
Doctor of Nurse Anesthesia Practice (DNAP)
Post-nominal initials
The specific titles, credentials and post-nominal initials used by advanced practice nurses will vary greatly by country, state and educational level.
A list of post-nominal initials include, but are not limited to:
ACNP: Acute Care Nurse Practitioner
AGACNP: Adult-Gerontology Acute Care Nurse Practitioner
ANP: Adult Nurse Practitioner
APHN: Advanced Public Health Nurse
APRN: Advanced Practice Registered Nurse (Same as Advanced Practice Nurse)
APN: Advanced Practice Nurse (Refers to the four recognized general areas of advanced professional specialization: CRNA, NP, CNM, and CNS)
ARNP: Advanced Registered Nurse Practitioner (Refers to Nurse Practitioners in some US States)
C or BC following a title: Certified or Board Certified (i.e., APRN-BC, WHNP-BC, PNP-BC, FNP-C, GNP-C, ANP-BC)
CMCN: Certified Managed Care Nurse
CNM: Certified Nurse Midwife
CNS: Clinical Nurse Specialist
CRNP: Certified Registered Nurse Practitioner
CS: Clinical Specialist
CRNA: Certified Registered Nurse Anesthetist
DNP: Doctor of Nursing Practice (the terminal professional degree for APNs)
FNP: Family Nurse Practitioner
GNP: Gerontological Nurse Practitioner
NNP: Neonatal Nurse Practitioner
NP: Nurse Practitioner
ONP: Oncology Nurse Practitioner
PMHCNS: Psychiatric & Mental Health Clinical Nurse Specialist
PMHNP: Psychiatric & Mental Health Nurse Practitioner
PNP: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner
PNP-AC: Pediatric Nurse Practitioner- Acute Care
PsyNP:
WHNP: Women’s Health Nurse Practitioner