Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research

Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research 1- Build for your chosen research proposal your Data Analysis Plan. This should include how you will obtain your primary data (data or information collected by you personally, directly from humans), how you will organize it, and what methods or statistical processes you will use to extract meaning from that data. Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research 2- Create a tool, or instrument, to collect data from human behavior by observation. Essentially, a check sheet or prompts of what activities or signals (non-verbal behavior) you wish to collect for your research problem or question. See the attachment to find the Literature Review. triage_at_mci_final_draft_.docx Running head: EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM Triage System at MCI 1 EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 2 Literature Review Facilitating an effective triage system for emergency medical services or the first triage response staff in cities around the country (or the world) in a coordinated effort that is potentially able to respond to any situation. Whether in the immediate vicinity or assisting in other states, have made progress in the ten years following 2001’s terror attacks. Although this integration is not yet complete in communities across the United States, it is becoming more and more a reality day after day. Emergency responders across this country entrusted with improving their reaction to events such that they could work with various other agencies to guarantee that those affected by any event had a positive result. Emergency responders must speak the same language in every emergency for an appropriate response to occur. It is particularly true because disasters are lowfrequency high-risk incidents that may threaten the effectiveness of the whole operation by errors of individual responders. Although there has been significant improvement in ensuring that the management of the accident is decentralized, the definition of mass patient Triage throughout the USA remains rigid. Therefore, this paper is going to review the ways of applying an operational triage system in emergency medical facilities. While triage systems developed in the 1980s, they were not examined much until after 11 September 2001 Hurricane Katrina (2005), where the EMS emergency response became an interesting topic. Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research Two articles on emergency triage published in August 2005 in the Journal of Clinical Emergency Medicine. The first is a review in which the authors sought scientific proof of a better triage mechanism than any other. The article explains that “approximately half a dozen mass-casualty mechanisms have just been established and utilized throughout the world for this specific reason, or rather sort the patients into the immediate, minimal, delayed, and expectant groupings,” (Cone & MacMillan, 2005, p. 739). EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 3 The article continues to state, “Surprisingly, very little research has conducted to verify or even test such programs. They have no idea whether any of them work as planned or have any impact on the results of the individual, even if they utilized as designed.” (Cone & MacMillan, 2005, p). That is the classification of patients by primary concern for treatment, evacuation, or transport as per the triage principle. Primary Triage performed in the bronze region, and patients usually are re-triaged (secondary Triage) at the triage event clearing station. Transport triage will be delivered before patients leave an area to make sure the most suitable distribution of victims to the receiving units. One of the most significant challenges for the emergency department (ED) administration is to speed up the management of patients after their arrival for those with lowpriority pathologies identified by the classification systems, thus causing needless ED overload. Diagnostic Decision Support Systems (DDSS) could be a useful tool to guide diagnosis, facilitate proper classification, and enhance patient safety. Since this article has been written, there has been a particular scientific survey on Satisfaction with the hospital emergency department as a triage feature. Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research It is the subsequent article in the periodical about Triage in connection with this comment. In this post, Cone and MacMillan (2005), has developed a new triage mechanism. The Triage process centered on a mathematical formulation created by Cone and MacMillan to consider things not taken into account by START. In particular, Cone and MacMillan (2005), calls eight constraints in START and other START-like triage mechanisms. These constraints include the absence of a replicate of the results for the use of these mechanisms. The lack of consideration of the availability of resources, the injuries to victims in every classification, and the reduced use of scarce resources because the most severe victims are first treated, even though they are the most probably to die. EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 4 The structures in use which are crucial to assessing the survival not accounted for considerations like prognosis, degradation, and types of injury sustained (Cone & MacMillan, 2005). The Cone and MacMillan (2005), Triage Approach is centered on mathematical algorithms, which classify victims of disaster focus on field observations of their breaths, pulses, and motor response. Such raw values are recording on triage tags. They are attached to every survivor patient and then sent to a Computer or dispatch center that runs the algorithm and automatically prioritizes patients, which is an evidence-based, outcome-driven approach that maximizes predicted survivors in terms of timing, including the availability of resources. It provides substantial life-saving benefits compared to the current, and unproven forms of Triage (Cone & MacMillan, 2005). Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research This Triage Approach is fascinating since artificial intelligence machines can become a reasonable option for the trial of disaster victims, as emergency response becomes more commonplace (Cone & MacMillan, 2005). Cone and MacMillan Triage Approach currently works against it in several ways. Second, the device is not known to the providers. EMS systems unlikely to embrace the modification without ample provision of the methods or program, as well as education on the mechanism. Secondly, several communities do not have the technology for performing algorithms on the scene. Finally, no applications in a real disaster have encountered to demonstrate that the system works in an actual event. In the first place, providers are not well familiar with the process. Without a widespread distribution of equipment and coaching on the system, EMS systems are unlikely to embrace change. Second, several societies do not have the infrastructure to bring to the scene to execute algorithms. No real disasters have implemented to demonstrate that they will work as they should in a real triage disaster. EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 5 The experience of the Triage Officer conducting the Triage is one problem, not utilizing standard triage mechanisms. A study into the reaction to the London bombings of July 2005 showed that the preparation of the triage service provider significantly impacted the number of over-triaged patients (Aylwin et al., 2006). Over-triage happens when the victims are put in a higher class of triages than the vital resources are being expended. Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research Conversely, the delay of lifesaving care can be achieved when more seriously injured fatalities are classified into a lower grouping than they should (under Triage). Aylwin et al., (2006) discovered that in London Bombing, a mortality rate of only fifteen percent was partly due to nineteen trained and experienced prehospital specialists and eight paramedics conducting (Triage) at two of the four bombing locations in many other cases. Even with these trained and experienced individuals, the over-triage rate for victims was 30.3%, substantially lower than the average of 67% (Aylwin et al, 2006, p. 2219). This boost in triage accuracy has contributed to maintaining the necessary medical resources for those who needed it the most. Triage by ambulance facility operations and onlookers at the first two sites of bombing led to an over-triage rate of 82% (Aylwin et al, 2006, p. 2219). London, the triage sieve, which divides patients into four classifications, comparable to START, the authors of the study also recommended the implementation of a simplified triage system to accelerate the evaluation of MCI affected people. The author explains, “In the original chaos of a circumstance of mass casualties, triage errors will occur. An emergency response plan must recognize and minimize the consequences of these triage errors.” (Aylwin et al., 2006). Many triage research articles are about the experiences of providers. Tännsjö (2007) states that Triage is a procedural technique that demands situational consciousness, determination, and clinical competence. He continued, the most qualified physician with EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 6 experience in the field of casualty care and surgery should triage in a disaster environment. Although this could be desirable, it is distant from realistic, specifically in the early stages of an MCI; it is nevertheless practical for the senior rescuers to step up and recognize themselves as well as their skills. Although many rescue workers may not encounter a catastrophe, their extensive experience makes them the best representatives for triage supervision Tännsjö (2007). The provider’s moral judgment can be the most significant determinant of victim survival (O’Connor, 2006). Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research In a descriptive study of current triage systems currently in use in the United States to find out Where triage systems in place today support or hinder the treatment that victims receive after an MCI, to ascertain whether EMS providers’ use of triage systems during an MCI is sufficient to care for victims effectively and if the United States will eventually implement one triage system as it has with a NIMS program. The EMT assessment is as reliable as these three methods for the recognition of victims who have severely injured” (O’Connor, 2006, p. 309). It suggests that in the case of disaster triage, a formal system might not be essential. While further research is apparent, it is hard to establish that any mechanism is better (or not) than the other system without gathering additional information on actual disastrous scenes. Analysis of START has investigated maldistributions in patients after a 2005 train crash in Los Angeles in a retrospective disaster review (Dittmar et al., 2018). This research investigating the efficacy and accuracy in the transport of victims labeled “immediate” (red tag) to different hospitals of the neighboring communities in coordination between the field triage staff. The findings show that 26 from 114 immediate patients in total have been transferred to Community Hospitals more than 15 kilometers from the crash site. In contrast, several hospitals with trauma centers, rather than community hospitals, have not received any patients. Overall, EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM the efficiency or ineffectiveness of START triages is not supported by Initiated in reaction to triage failure. In conclusion, perhaps the most fundamental lesson gained during the analysis is the continuous occurrence of triage mass casualty scenarios and the performance of Responders in their management. Furthermore, the current triage systems do not seem to work since they are not sufficiently flexible to enable the more competent physicians with expertise in casualty treatment, and medical knowledge should conduct Triage in a disaster environment to use their knowledge to influence the patient’s result. The most key lesson in the research is the constant evolution of disaster situations and the approach to managing them by the respondents. It works because the incident command system is versatile. The triage systems seem not to work as well because they are not flexible enough to allow the best-experienced rescuers to use their knowhow to impact the patient’s outcomes. This study indicates that the enemy of mass casualty response is rigidity and can result in higher death rates. 7 EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 8 References Aylwin, C. J., Konig, T. C., Brennan, N. W., Shirley, P. J., Davies, G., Walsh, M. S., & Brahi, K.(2006). Reduction in critical mortality in urban mass casualty incidents: analysis of triage, surge, and resource use after the London bombings on July 7, 2005. The Lancet, 368(9554), 2219-2225. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(06)69896-6 Andreatta, P. B., Maslowski, E., Petty, S., Shim, W., Marsh, M., Hall, T., … Frankel, J. (2010). Virtual reality triage training provides a viable solution for disaster-preparedness. Academic Emergency Medicine : Official Journal of the Society for Academic Emergency Medicine, 17(8), 870to876. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1553-2712.2010.00728.x Bazyar, J., Farrokhi, M., & Khankeh, H. (2019). Discussion: Data Analysis Plan and Observation Tool Research Triage Systems in Mass Casualty Incidents and Disasters: A Review Study with A Worldwide Approach. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 7(3), 482to494. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2019.119 Cross, K. P., & Cicero, M. X. (2013). Head-to-Head Comparison of Disaster Triage Methods in Pediatric, Adult, and Geriatric Patients. Annals of Emergency Medicine, 61(6), 668676.e7. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.annemergmed.2012.12.023 Cone, D. C., & MacMillan, D. S. (2005). Mass-casualty triage systems: A hint of science. Academic Emergency Medicine, 12(8), 739-741. https://doi.org/10.1197/j.aem.2005.04.001 Debacker, M. (1995a). 127. Triage in Mass-Casualty Situations. Prehospital and Disaster Medicine, 10(S2), S42toS42. https://doi.org/10.1017/s1049023x00501095 Dittmar, M. S., Wolf, P., Bigalke, M., Graf, B. M., & Birkholz, T. (2018). Primary mass casualty incident triage: evidence for the benefit of yearly brief re-training from a simulation EFFECTIVE TRIAGE SYSTEM 9 study. Scandinavian Journal of Trauma, Resuscitation and Emergency Medicine, 26(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s13049-018-0501-6 Khan, K. (2018). Tabletop Exercise on Mass Casualty Incident Triage, Does it Work? Health Science Journal, 12(03). https://doi.org/10.21767/1791-809x.1000566 O’Connor, R. E. (2006). Trauma triage: concepts in prehospital trauma care. Prehospital Emergency Care, 10(3), 307-310. https://doi.org/10.1080/10903120600723947 Tännsjö, T. (2007). Ethical aspects of triage in mass casualty. Current Opinion in Anaesthesiology, 20(2), 143to146. https://doi.org/10.1097/aco.0b013e3280895aa3 … Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10