Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease

Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease Please make sure you finish this on time, please feel free to ask me for any questions if needed. All the information is uploaded down below, I also attached a sample you can use as an example on how the paper is suppose to look. Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease ** Please write this paper as if you have a family member with diabetes, for example you mom or sister. checklist_for_periodontology_research_project_3527_.docx research_project.docx research_paper_example_37 1 Checklist for Periodontology Research Project Content (30 points, 5 points each) ______ Paper provides a summary of the research ______ The paper contains a reflection on the content of the research ______ Topic is relevant and approved by Instructor ______ The ideas are well organized ______ Each paragraph contains a topic sentence ______ Each paragraph contains supporting details ______ Subtotal APA Style (25 points, 5 points each) _____ Title Page _____ Pages Numbered ( 4-6 pages, including title and reference pages) _____ Three Headings Used and three In-text Citations _____ Paper is Double Spaced & One Space After Each Period, with 12 pt font _____ Correct Reference for three references including two journal articles _____ Subtotal Spelling and Grammar (10 Points, 5 points each) ______ Spelling ______ Grammar ______ Subtotal Oral Presentation ( 10 Points) ______Oral Presentation ______ Total 2017 2 Evaluation System The evaluation system that will be used on your report is based on a possible FIVE POINTS for each task. Scoring is as follows: 5 POINTS The student’s performance is excellent. They demonstrate exceptional knowledge of the subject matter and provide a detailed account of the areas to be addressed for this part of the assignment 4 POINTS The student’s performance is above average. Their knowledge of the subject mater is very good and they provide an accurate account of the areas to be addressed for this part of the assignment 3 POINTS The student’s performance is average. Their knowledge of the subject matter is satisfactory and the important points have been addressed for this part of the assignment 2 POINTS The student’s performance is below average. Their knowledge of the subject matter is minimal and the important points have not been addressed for this part of the assignment 1 POINT The student’s performance is poor. They do not demonstrate any familiarity of the subject matter and/or objectives for this part of the assignment 0 POINTS The student fails to complete the task or this part of the assignment The grade that is received for this project is the sum of the points earned divided by the number of total possible points. The numeric grade that is received will correspond to the grading scale used in this course. There will be TWO POINTS deducted from the final grade of this report for each typographical error and FIVE POINTS deducted from the final grade for missing the evaluation form. There will be TEN POINTS deducted from the final grade for projects that are late. 2017 1 RESEARCH PROJECT: PERIODONTOLOGY TOPIC Objective This project will provide students an opportunity to investigate a topic in the area of Periodontology, review the literature in this field of dentistry, and present their findings to their classmates. Students are to work independently on this project. Each student will be responsible for choosing a topic dealing with Periodontology that is approved by the instructor. There are two parts to this report, a typed report and an oral presentation. Each student is to present their research findings to the class in a formal oral presentation as well as submit a typed report IN THE Drop Box. Finding Your Research Topic Each student is to spend time researching in the Library Database and to look through professional journals and textbooks.Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease If you wish to borrow materials from the Department’s Library, the resource materials must be signed out. Students who do not return ALL borrowed resource materials will not receive a grade for this project. Only one topic or area may be selected. Duplication of topics will not be permitted. Each student is to have their topic approved by the instructor before beginning their research. You may also utilize the meta-analysis systematic reviews that are available on your topic of choice. Research Objectives When writing your research report, the following objectives are to be addressed: • • • • Define the topic and include a brief review Cite specific examples of research that has been conducted on the topic (a minimum of 3 references) utilizing in-text citations following the APA format Discuss what you have learned from the research and how it has increased your knowledge in the field of Periodontology in the Reflection of your article Do you agree or disagree with the findings in the literature? Format and Organization of the Paper Each student is to prepare a report that follows the APA Format Guidelines: • Title Page 2012 2 • • • • • • • • • Three to Five pages in length Doubled spaced with one inch margins Page numbers are on the upper right hand corner as a Header Free of typographical errors Font size 12 (Suggested styles: Arial, or Times New Roman) In-text citations (minimum of three) Reference Page Checklist / rubrics Submitted as a MicroSoft Word Document in the Drop Box, on Angel Format of the Title Page This report is to be placed in a report folder that contains a title page. The title page is to contain the following information, including the Running Head, and be formatted in capital letters: Running Head: TITLE TITLE OF THE REPORT STUDENT NAME INSTITUTION Format of the Reference Page The bibliographic citations should be formatted using the APA style. The Reference page should include at least three references. Books, professional journals, or professional web sites or Internet sources may be cited. The following is an example of the Reference Page Format: 2012 3 References Rice, M.L., Wilson, E.K., Bagley, W. (2001). Transforming learning with technology: lessons from the field [Electronic version]. Journal of Technology and Teacher Education, 9(2), 211-230. APA Format can be reviewed at Purdue Owl: APA Formatting and also at www.irsc.libguides.com/apa Checklist for Periodontology Research Project Content (30 points, 5 points each) ______ Paper provides a summary of the research ______ The paper contains a reflection on the content of the research 2012 4 ______ Topic is relevant and approved by Instructor ______ The ideas are well organized ______ Each paragraph contains a topic sentence ______ Each paragraph contains supporting details ______ Subtotal APA Style (25 points, 5 points each) _____ Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease Title Page _____ Pages Numbered ( 4-6 pages, including title and reference pages) _____ Three Headings Used and three In-text Citations _____ Paper is Double Spaced & One Space After Each Period, with 12 pt font _____ Correct Reference for three references including two journal articles _____ Subtotal Spelling and Grammar (10 Points, 5 points each) ______ Spelling ______ Grammar ______ Subtotal ______ Total Evaluation System The evaluation system that will be used on your report is based on a possible FIVE POINTS for each task. Scoring is as follows: 2012 5 5 POINTS The student’s performance is excellent. They demonstrate exceptional knowledge of the subject matter and provide a detailed account of the areas to be addressed for this part of the assignment 4 POINTS The student’s performance is above average. Their knowledge of the subject mater is very good and they provide an accurate account of the areas to be addressed for this part of the assignment 3 POINTS The student’s performance is average. Their knowledge of the subject matter is satisfactory and the important points have been addressed for this part of the assignment 2 POINTS The student’s performance is below average. Their knowledge of the subject matter is minimal and the important points have not been addressed for this part of the assignment 1 POINT The student’s performance is poor. They do not demonstrate any familiarity of the subject matter and/or objectives for this part of the assignment 0 POINTS The student fails to complete the task or this part of the assignment The grade that is received for this project is the sum of the points earned divided by the number of total possible points. The numeric grade that is received will correspond to the grading scale used in this course. There will be TWO POINTS deducted from the final grade of this report for each typographical error and FIVE POINTS deducted from the final grade for missing the evaluation form. There will be TEN POINTS deducted from the final grade for projects that are late. 2012 Running Head: SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY STUDENT NAME 1 SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY 2 Going into a gas station or market, according to Laxman and Annaji (2008), an estimated 1.1 billion people in this world pay a ridiculously expensive price for their smoking habits. What they do not know is that smoking is costing them more than just the money they provide. There has been ongoing research and studies linking smoking and periodontal disease since mid-last century. During my time researching I have come across a few conflicting conclusions, but none that deviate from the ultimate fact that smoking is an independent risk factor that directly affects the initiation and severity of periodontal disease. Coming from a family of smokers, I felt convicted to learn more about its negative effects in the oral cavity in hopes to shed some light on the topic with my family members. As a hygienist, I was intrigued to know the effects of smoking on the oral tissues, if pathogenicity of biofilm differs from that of a non-smoker and how smoking interferes with healing and the success of periodontal therapy. Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease These three components will help me recognize the different characteristics of oral tissues affected by smoking, aid me in educating a patient, as well as allowing them to understand how smoking could hinder the success of their therapy. Within the oral cavity we have what is known as the periodontium. The periodontium is made up of essential parts that allow for tooth stability and function; the alveolar bone is your tooth socket that houses your tooth, the periodontal ligament anchors the tooth from the bone to the cementum by bundles of fibers, the cementum protects the dentin, and the gingiva is your protective tissue layer for all those previously mentioned. These structures are the target of destruction for periodontal pathogens. In a normal healthy mouth, the onset of disease would start with reddening of the gums, inflammation and bleeding. As we have learned through the course of this hygiene program, when an individual is a smoker their gingival tissues are less likely to exhibit these symptoms (even while they’re diseased) due to the vasoconstriction of the SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY 3 tissues caused by the ingestion of Nicotine. During this time, the gingival tissues are starving for blood and nutrients needed for function and health. I think that this is one of the main factors as to why this disease in smokers tends to readily progress into periodontitis or even worse periodontal disease. Smoking suppresses vascular reaction, ultimately restricting the inflammation and bleeding (Perry, Beemsterboer, & Essex, 2014, p. 66). Regardless of the type of tobacco used, Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist explain that the toxic effects go further affecting the oral cavity at a cellular level; Smokers show increased keratinization in the epithelial cells and Polymorphonuclear Leukocytes have a reduced capability to phagocytize substances. I believe this cellular activity is essential in creating a state of homeostasis within the tissues. They also mentioned that individuals that smoke tend to harbor more nicotine metabolites in their crevicular fluid and saliva (Perry et al., 2014, pg.66), ultimately making it more difficult to restore oral conditions. Wilkins (2013) also discussed cellular impairment; he stated once the periodontal disease has developed, immune response is compromised; neutrophils are impaired therefore decreasing adherence, chemotaxis, and phagocytosis. Our bodies’ building blocks are cells, and if they are impaired it hinders the essence of our wellbeing- not just in our oral cavity but also in our entire body. The destruction of the oral tissues while you have periodontal disease is related to the biofilm accumulation within your oral cavity. Prior to researching this topic, I assumed that smokers had greater pathogenicity within their biofilm due to the increase in toxins from the nicotine. However, analyzing the impairment of cell function and lack of vascularization in the oral tissues it has lead me to wonder about which microbes are more suitable to survive in those conditions. In the articles I read, they presented a few different ideas regarding this concept. For example, in the journal article “Smoking and Periodontal Disease” the author reflects on the SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY 4 finding of a study conducted by Bagaitkar and Associates regarding the exposure of P. gingivalis (2012).Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease Their research concluded that most likely, tobacco smoke represents an environmental stress to which P. gingivalis adapts and can alter the expression of several virulence factors (Borojevic, 2012). For example, it may contribute to a micro-flora with less potential for inflammation. Laxman and Annaji (2008) also touched upon the pathology of smokers versus non-smokers; they referenced a study conducted in Erie County that resulted in smokers having higher proportions of A. actinomycetemcommitans, P. gingivalis, and T. forsythesis and they reported higher prevalence of other exogenous organisms in smokers such as Escheria coli and Candida albicans. Over all, the literature I read all acknowledged further research needs to be done; at this moment there are a lot of unknown underlying factors that may be affecting the results when it comes to tobacco use/smoking and periodontal disease. When treating periodontal disease the main objective is to reduce the pocket depth and maintain bone levels by removing all supra-gingival and sub-gingival irritants. Pocket reduction will allow an individual to gain more attachment from tooth to bone, for more stability and function. Ultimately, my goal as a hygienist (when possible) and a huge benefit of pocket reduction is having a pocket depth that is possible for the patient to keep clean and maintain. This is more difficult for smokers, studies show that after scaling and root planing therapy they have less probing depth reductions and less attachment gain than nonsmokers (Perry, Beemsterboer, & Essex, 2014, p. 106). A lot of factors contribute to the disruption and impairment of a smoker’s healing response. A large factor is the lack of blood flow and vascularity of the gum tissues to stimulate cellular activity. In addition, levels of toxins from the Nicotine actively alter antibody production of IgA and IgG found in the oral cavity (Laxman & Sridhar, 2008, p. 5). More specifically, it affects IgG, weakening a smoker’s immunity against SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY 5 the pathogen A. actinomycetemcommitans (Laxman & Sridhar, 2008, p. 5). This not only delays healing but may leave a patient more susceptible to bacteria and infections in the area treated, ultimately jeopardize the success of the procedure. As a clinician, recognizing signs that may indicate disease is imperative. During my research, I was able to gain knowledge on, not only what to look for, but also understand why the tissues react as they do and what may be the causative factors. Given the amount of people who habitually smoke, when treating these patients I can be confident in explaining to them what is occurring at a more microscopic level. I believe that the more information I can provide as a clinician, the better I can overcome objections and treatment resistance. I feel this is necessary because the average person normally does not take periodontal disease seriously in comparison to many other conditions since they cannot see or feel it. In regards to pathogens found in periodontal patients, I am really looking forward to learning more about the presence of nicotine in the oral cavity and its effects on microbial growths and resistance. Discussion: The relationship diabetes have with periodontal Disease This is the one area that I don’t think I will be discussing with my patients, but I would love to learn more about for my own personal gain given that my articles only touched on the subject very broadly. In all, smoking affects both the person and their prognosis when seeking treatment and I believe the literature I analyzed truly supported this idea. As a practicing hygienist, with the goal of seeking optimal health and recovery- if a patient continues to smoke they place a limit on the healing response to their therapy. I will definitely be placing a new emphasis not only on the treatment needing to be rendered, but also on the fact that it does not stop once they leave the dental office. In order to ensure results, the patient needs to do their part and think of what is best for them; ideally, the best thing would be for them to be proactive with their hygiene along with quitting smoking. SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY 6 Ever since I can remember I have always been anti-cigarettes and anti-smoking, this paper simply helped me reinforce the reasons why it is a terrible habit to have from a clinical standpoint. When I start actively practicing as a dental hygienist, I feel convicted to push for the cessation of smoking. I plan to find local resources, smoking cessation programs, alternatives that may help individuals who truly want to make the effort. I am not saying smoking is the only problem contributing to periodontal disease; however, it is a crucial component in delaying diagnosis since it masks many of the signs and it also impairs healing and the immune response of oral tissues after therapy. The treatment of periodontal disease goes far beyond just the twohour appointment at the dental office, it requires a life style change; prioritizing oral hygiene and maintenance as a main component, possibly changing their diet and quitting unhealthy habits like smoking. The effects of smoking go far beyond what I have discussed previously, it creates more grave health issues like contributing to oral cancer, lung cancer, cardiovascular issues etc. These are life-threatening complications, far beyond periodontal disease. As a hygienist I will be asking my patients’ one question: Is it worth it? SMOKING: COSTING YOU MORE THAN MONEY 7 References Borojevic, M. T. (2012). Smoking and Periodontal Disease [Electronic version]. Mat Soc Med, 274-276. Laxman, V. K., & Sridhar, A. (2008). Tobacco Use and Its Effects on the Periodontium and Periodontal Therapy [Electronic version]. The Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice , 9 (7), 1-7. Perry, D. A., Beemsterboer, P. L., & Essex, G. (2014). Periodontology for the Dental Hygienist (4th ed.). Elsevier. Wilkins, E. M. (2013). Clinical Practice of the Dental Hygienist (11th ed.). Philadelphia: Lippincott, Williams & Wilkins. … Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10