[SOLVED] Genetics and Skin Type

Approximately 9,500 individuals in the United States have been diagnosed with skin cancer. When the body fails to restore damage to the DNA within skin cells, cancer develops, causing the cells to differentiate and multiply uncontrollably. Several variables, including genetics and skin type, may trigger skin cell damage. The majority of cases of skin cancer are caused by excessive sensitivity to the sun’s ultraviolet (UV) radiation. Skin cancer may be a black patch, a lesion, a healing wound, or a lump in the skin (Linos, et al., 2016). Studies have indicated that over 3 million Americans are affected every year by nonmelanoma skin cancer, mainly squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and basal cell carcinoma (BCC). Studies also show that total BCC incidence rose 145% from 1976 to 1984 and from 2000 to 2010 and that over the same time, the cumulative rate of SCC grew 263%. Melanoma is by far the most common form of skin cancer. Once melanoma spreads deeper into the skin, it becomes more complex to handle. The United States has seen an exponential increase in melanoma prevalence in the past 30 years—doubling between 1982 and 2011—but patterns in the past decade differ by generation (Park et al., 2020). The prevalence of melanoma has started to decrease in teens and young adults aged 30 and below. In comparison, the prevalence of melanoma in older age groups has risen with more marked changes in persons aged 80 or older. Individuals with darker complexions are more prone to developing skin cancer on the soles of the feet, the groin, the palms of the hands of their feet, and the inside of their lips, which aren’t often exposed to the light. Additionally, they can grow melanoma under their nails (Iannacone et al., 2014). The prevalence of melanoma is greater in females than in males before the age of 50 years, but the prevalence in males is double by the age of 65 years and almost three times by the age of 80 years. Almost twenty people die every day with melanoma. Melanoma was expected to claim the lives of 6,850 people in 2020, including 4,610 men and 2,240 women. In 2020, the United States projected to have an unprecedented 4,630 losses from skin cancers apart from melanoma and NMSC (Park et al., 2020).Telemedicine is a new field that should not be excluded from skincare: In recent years, users have been able to examine the skin with their smartphones and artificial intelligence algorithms using a handful of skin cancer identification applications. Others give pictures to a dermatologist, whilst others get immediate guidance and supportive tips about self-checking their skin and making an appointment with a doctor. Each year physicians diagnose in the USA, and in 2019, about 200.000 patients will get a diagnosis of melanoma, over 4 million nonmelanomas (such as squamous and basal cell). Basal and spongy cell cancers are more prevalent than melanoma and form on the outer layers of the skin (Park et al., 2020). The skin pigmentation of the cells known as melanocytes is affected by it. It is an active type of cancer that kills about 10,000 people a year. It can be lethal even with early diagnosis. Melanoma of the skin has a 5-year relative survival rate of 93 percent when all phases are combined. When melanoma is detected before it spreads, the relative survival rate over 5 years is 99 percent. At the moment, 83 percent of diagnoses remain in the early stages of development (Tyagi et al., 2012).