Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion

Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion Take a minute and think about the supervisors you have had in the workplace. What were characteristics of effective supervisors? As you reflect on these experiences, consider how supervision affected your ability to complete the tasks associated with your job. Also, think about how leadership styles can influence the relationship between social workers and their supervisors. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion For this Assignment, review the Petrakis case study in this week’s video and note how supervisory and leadership skills are portrayed. Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion Assignment (4–5 paragraphs) Complete the following Journal entry: Identify attributes of leadership styles and approaches that facilitate quality supervision. Evaluate the supervisory and leadership skills demonstrated in the Petrakis case study by identifying which supervisory and leadership skills the supervisor demonstrated. Explain whether the supervisor in the video demonstrated quality supervision, and why. Provide specific examples to support your evaluation. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion References Kadushin, G., Berger, C., Gilbert, C., & de St. Aubin, M. (2009). Models and methods in hospital social work supervision. Clinical Supervisor, 28 (2), 180–199. Laureate Education (Producer). (2014c). Sessions: Levy (Episode 5 of 42) [Video file]. Retrieved from https://class.waldenu.edu McTighe, J. (2011). Teaching the use of self through the process of clinical supervision. Clinical Social Work Journal, 39 (3), 301–307. kadushin_models_and_methods_in_hospital_social_work.pdf mctighe_teaching_the_use_of_self_through_the_process_of_clinical.pdf laureate_levy_transcript.pdf The Clinical Supervisor ISSN: 0732-5223 (Print) 1545-231X (Online) Journal homepage: https://www.tandfonline.com/loi/wcsu20 Models and Methods in Hospital Social Work Supervision Goldie Kadushin , Candyce Berger , Carlean Gilbert & Mark de St. Aubin To cite this article: Goldie Kadushin , Candyce Berger , Carlean Gilbert & Mark de St. Aubin (2009) Models and Methods in Hospital Social Work Supervision, The Clinical Supervisor, 28:2, 180-199, DOI: 10.1080/07325220903324660 To link to this article: https://doi.org/10.1080/07325220903324660 Published online: 10 Nov 2009. Submit your article to this journal Article views: 2023 Citing articles: 9 View citing articles Full Terms & Conditions of access and use can be found at https://www.tandfonline.com/action/journalInformation?journalCode=wcsu20 The Clinical Supervisor, 28:180–199, 2009 Copyright # Taylor & Francis Group, LLC ISSN: 0732-5223 print=1545-231X online DOI: 10.1080/07325220903324660 Models and Methods in Hospital Social Work Supervision GOLDIE KADUSHIN University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, Milwaukee, Wisconsin, United States CANDYCE BERGER University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Texas, United States CARLEAN GILBERT Loyola University School of Social Work, Chicago, Illinois, United States MARK DE ST. AUBIN University of Utah, Salt Lake City, Utah, United States This is the first qualitative study of the perceptions of hospital-based social work supervisees regarding their hospital supervision. Seventeen social workers were recruited using a national listserv and snowball sampling techniques. According to the perception of the clinical social workers participating in the study, hospital social work supervision is organizationally driven rather than worker-focused. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion Implications for social work education and research are discussed. KEYWORDS hospital, managed care, models of supervision, organizational re-structuring INTRODUCTION Social work supervision has played an important but changing role in the development of the profession. Supervisors are agency managers who have been delegated authority to maintain the job performance of supervisees. In assuming this responsibility, the supervisor performs educational, administrative, and supportive functions in a positive relationship with the supervisee. Address correspondence to Goldie Kadushin, Professor, Helen Bader School of Social Work, University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, PO Box 786, Milwaukee, WI 53201. E-mail: [email protected] 180 Hospital Social Work Supervision 181 The long-term objective of supervision is to prepare the supervisee to deliver effective, efficient services to clients, consistent with the agency’s mandate and professional practice standards (Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Tsui, 2005). The administrative function of supervision is to organize the work of the supervisees to achieve agency objectives. This is the basic supervisory function. Educational or clinical supervision improves the knowledge and skills of workers within the mandate of the agency. Supportive supervision reduces job-related stress and fosters worker self-awareness to cope with stress (Bogo & McKnight, 2005; Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Tsui, 2005). These functions apply to any supervisor in any social work agency. This paper focuses on social work supervision in hospitals. The sustainability of supervision in hospital settings is threatened by the elimination of middle management and supervisory positions in favor of leaner, cost-effective structures. This reorganization reflects the influence of managed care and capitated methods of financing that are reducing the hospitals’ access to revenue (Berger & Mizrahi, 2001; Globerman, McKenzie-Davies, & Walsh, 1996; Weissman & Rosenberg, 2002; Schmid, 2002). Consistent with these findings, a recent survey of licensed health care social workers reported increased job stress in the context of reduced access to supervision (Center for Health Workforce Studies, 2006). The influence of managed care and capitated financing systems on hospital supervision has not been examined by social work researchers since 1996, the last year of data collection in a longitudinal study conducted by Berger and her colleagues (Berger, Robbins, Lewis, Mizrahi, & Fleit, 2003; Berger & Mizrahi, 2001; Berger et al., 1996.)Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion The existing research is also limited by an exclusive focus on the perceptions of supervisors. No research has examined hospital supervision from the perspective of the supervisee. An understanding of the supervisee’s views is necessary to inform the profession of unmet worker needs for oversight, support, and education in the social work health care labor force (Center for Health Workforce Studies, 2006). To begin to address this gap in the literature, a pilot study was conducted to answer the following question: What are the perceptions of supervisees about the current models and functions of social work supervision in hospitals? The hospital agency was the setting for this pilot study because previous research on supervision in health care has been hospital-based, providing a knowledge base for the development of the study questions and instruments. LITERATURE REVIEW Hospital Reorganization: Impact on Social Work Hospital Supervision Many theories explain the relationship between the hospital and the environment (Netting, Kettner, & McMurtry, 2004) or those ‘‘external conditions 182 G. Kadushin et al. that may affect the organization’’ (Schmid, 2002, p. 133). The merits of different theories are still debated, but all theories assume environmental circumstances influence organizational processes (Schmid, 2002). In particular, the immediate or task environment is assumed to affect organizational strategies and structures (Schmid, 2002; Netting et al., 2004). The task environment includes patient populations, revenues, in-kind resources, competitive institutions, and federal and state regulators (Netting et al., 2004; Schmid, 2002). In the early 1980s, health care delivery and funding underwent a radical change in the United States with the introduction of a Medicare capitated payment system for hospital care. Capitated payment is a form of managed care. Managed care can be defined as a payment and health care delivery system that regulates, monitors, and coordinates resources to contain costs and increase efficiency. Introduced into the United States to reduce spiraling health care spending in the early 1980s, managed care is now the dominant arrangement in both public and private sectors. Because a capitated payment system transfers risk from payer to provider, the Medicare prospective payment system reduced hospital revenues. Aware of the risk of cost-shifting, private and public third-party payers also adopted managed care payment and delivery procedures. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion Hospitals were confronted with an unstable, rapidly changing environment in which fierce competition for scarce resources and patients existed. In this context, theories predict that organizations will revise strategies and structures to reassert control over actors in the task environment (Schmid, 2002). Hospitals responded by developing alliances with multi-hospital systems, merging with competitive institutions, and separating functions into independent, decentralized programs or teams (Lee & Alexander, 1999; Bazzoli, Dynan, Burns, & Yap, 2004; Weil, 2003). The effect of hospital reorganization was to reduce operating costs by consolidating management and duplicative services. However, this strategy also eliminated the positions of middle managers and social work directors who provided supervision, decreasing institutional resources to support this function (Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Weissman & Rosenberg, 2002). A government-mandated managed care program implemented in the 1990s in Canadian hospitals is suggestive of the effect of hospital restructuring on social work supervision. The introduction of managed care was the impetus for the dismantling of Canada’s hospital social work departments. Social work supervision decreased in the absence of an administrative structure (e.g., social work directors and supervisors). Canadian hospital workers organized peer groups to provide clinical and supportive consultation but they had no access to formal supervision (Globerman et al., 1996; Globerman, White, & McDonald, 2002; Globerman, White, Mullings, & McKenzie-Davies, 2003; Michalski, Creighton, & Jackson, 1999). While this research is specific to the Canadian health care system, it is suggestive of the potential impact of managed care and hospital restructuring on worker access to formal supervision. Hospital Social Work Supervision 183 Kadushin and Harkness (2002) hypothesize that clinical and supportive supervision, which are resource-intensive, non-revenue-generating functions, may be assigned a low priority by hospitals impacted by managed care. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion They suggest, however, that because administrative supervision directly benefits the organization, it may be the sole form of supervision recognized by hospitals within an environment of cost containment (Kadushin & Harkness, 2002). Models of Social Work Supervision Models of social work supervision can be differentiated by levels of agency control. At one extreme is the ‘‘casework model’’ or scheduled one-on-one individual social work supervision, which is based on high levels of administrative accountability. At the other extreme is the autonomous practice model, which is characterized by professional autonomy of the supervisee. Between these extremes on the continuum of administrative accountability are group, team, and peer supervision models (Bogo & McKnight, 2005; Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Tsui, 2005). Individual supervision is the most widely used model of supervision, particularly for unlicensed or inexperienced (less than two to six years of practice in the same setting) workers (Kadushin & Harkness, 2002). It is delivered in a one-on-one tutorial session scheduled weekly for at least an hour. The demands of time and effort required by this model may be challenging to hospital-based social work supervisors who have corporate or wideranging administrative responsibilities. Group supervision is the second most widely adopted model of supervision. It is characterized by the presence of a formal social work supervisor who performs the functions of supervision—administrative, educational, and supportive—in a group format. Group supervision is a supplement to, not a substitute for, casework supervision. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion The introduction of group supervision is ideally preceded by worker preparation for the change and agreement by the staff. The advantages of the group modality are conservation of time and resources; lateral peer learning; and sharing and normalization of job-related stress (Bogo & McKnight, 2005; Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Sulman, Savage, Vrooman, & McGillivray, 2004; Tsui, 2005). Peer supervision is supervision led by a peer group; in this situation, no supervisory oversight or authority exists. All participants hold equal status in terms of accountability and responsibility for their own practice. The purpose of peer group supervision is to provide educational=clinical supervision through case conferences and the exchange of clinical expertise and guidance. Peer supervision is a supplement to, or a substitute for, educational= clinical supervision (Brashears, 1995; Barretta-Herman, 1993; Hardcastle, 1991; Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Sulman et al., 2004; Tsui, 2005). Team supervision is led by a team leader who may or may not be a social worker. 184 G. Kadushin et al. In team supervision, intradisciplinary workers may exercise autonomy, collectively make decisions about work assignments, case dispositions, performance checks, and professional development, providing educational=clinical guidance and oversight and allocating work assignments. The supervisor is a team member but retains administrative accountability for team performance (Kadushin & Harkness, 2002; Tsui, 2005). On interdisciplinary teams, the leader may be a physician, nurse, or other medical professional who assumes supervisory authority over the other team members (Kadushin & Harkness, 2002). The question of the prevalence of supervision models in hospital-based social work has generally been ignored by social work research. Berger and Mizrahi (2001) examined supervision from the perspective of supervisors in a national sample of hospitals in 1992, 1994, and 1996. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion They found that in the early to late 1990s, individual and group supervision were the most frequent models (these models were collapsed into the category ‘‘formal supervision’’). Peer supervision (consultation) was the second-most frequent model. The use of non-social work supervision significantly increased over all time periods. Health care social workers speculate that as hospitals restructure and eliminate social work managers and departments, the resources to support the traditional individual supervision model will decline. Workers will have to take the initiative in finding support for supervision outside the hospital or by creating group or peer models that use collective resources efficiently. The caution is the need for thoughtful planning, implementation, and a mechanism for training and evaluation to accumulate research to inform the profession regarding the efficacy of innovative supervision models (Berger & Mizrahi, 2001; Kadushin & Harkness, 2002). METHODOLOGY This qualitative study was implemented using telephone focus group interviews. Focus groups have been widely used as a data collection method in qualitative research, and growing evidence supports the efficacy of telephone focus groups or ‘‘telegroups’’ as an alternative to face-to-face focus groups (Cooper, Jorgensen, & Merritt, 2003; Appleton, Fry, Rees, Rush, & Cull, 2000). Using the Society for Social Work Leadership in Health Care membership as a sampling frame, researchers employed purposive and snowball sampling techniques. Social work directors=managers were contacted by electronic mail using the organization’s listserv. The e-mail explained the purpose and method of the study and encouraged social work directors=managers to share the attached flyer with their staffs. Inclusion= exclusion criteria were as follows: graduate-level social work staff (i.e., MSW, PhD, DSW); 50% currently employed in an inpatient or outpatient hospital setting; one or more year working in clinical practice; at least one year of experience in the current setting; and English-speaking. Hospital Social Work Supervision 185 Eligible staff members e-mailed the Principal Investigator (PI) to indicate their willingness to participate. The PI responded to the e-mail and screened the subject for eligibility. If he or she qualified for the study, the PI sent an electronic version of the consent form that was approved by the institutional review boards (IRBs) of every member of the research team. A waiver of signature for consent was obtained from the IRBs in order to ensure anonymity of the participants. In developing the focus groups, every attempt was made to ensure that subjects from the same setting did not participate in the same focus group to prevent voice identification. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion The PI contacted the individuals by phone to discuss the study, answer questions, and confirm their willingness to participate. Subjects were also encouraged to share information about the study with their colleagues within their own and other health care settings. Given the use of the listserv and the snowball sampling technique, it was not possible to calculate how many social work clinicians in health care settings were informed of the study to produce a response rate. The subjects were made aware of scheduled times for the focus groups and selected a group. The subjects were asked to adopt fictitious names to be used during the telegroup; these same names are also used in the data presentation that follows. The intention in using fabricated names was not only to increase the level of confidentiality, but also to ensure that each person in the telegroup session had a distinguishable name. An e-mail was subsequently sent to the participants confirming the time of the telegroup, the phone number that the participants called to access the focus group, the conference call identification number to be used, and the fictitious name that they selected for use during the telegroup and additional flyers advertising the study to share with colleagues. This e-mail also contained the fictitious names of the other participants and the focus group leader. A similar e-mail was sent to the group facilitators. Focus group facilitators were aware only of the fictitious names and geographic location of the participants; they were not given any other identifying information about the participants in their groups. The day before the telegroup, the PI sent an e-mail reminder to each participant with the same information contained in the previous e-mail. Once this reminder e-mail was sent, the PI erased any electronic information required in setting up the conference calls in order to ensure anonymity within the actual focus groups. If a participant did not call the access number for the telegroup, it was impossible to contact him or her since all identifying information was erased. However, most of the participants who were not able to attend their assigned focus group did contact the PI to reschedule another time to participate. A private teleconferencing company was used to set up the conference calls for the focus groups. The members of the research team served as the facilitators of the focus groups; the focus groups took about 60 minutes. Walden SOCW6070 Week 8 Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion Telegroup members were instructed to use only their fictitious names in identifying themselves. 186 G. Kadushin et al. A semi-structured interview schedule was finalized following a literature review and the consensus of the four researchers who contributed both academic knowledge and practice experience in supervision. The interview schedule consisted of a series of six open-ended questions and accompanying probes related to the following topics: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. access to individual educational=clinical supervision; access to different models of supervision (e.g., group, peer); supervisors’ professional discipline; administrative supervision and accountability for job performance; use of outside supervisors; and organizational changes affecting supervision. This semi-structured interview schedule was followed in each focus group to ensure some comparability. Major topic questions were presented to each group separately to maintain a focus on the topic, but group leaders had the flexibility to explore issues raised that did not coincide with the topic questions. The topic questions were read aloud by the facilitator, who then prompted the group for responses. Once discussion was underway, the facilitators intervened only as necessary to guide, probe, or provide support. This procedure aided in conducting groups that were focused, without excessive and counterproductive constraints on their interaction. All interviews were audio-recorded and then transcribed by members of the research team or by the teleconferencing company. The focus group sessions began with an assignment of a study identification number. Only the study identification numbers appeared on the transcripts. Any identifying information on the tape (e.g., names of individuals, institutions, and locations used in the discussion) were deleted from the transcript. Once the transcript was checked for accuracy, the audiotapes were destroyed. Using a grounded theory approach to data analysis, the narrative data was pre-coded into conceptual categories. Content was then grouped into broad categories to detect patterns and relationships. Through further coding, these categories … Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10

Don't use plagiarized sources. Get Your Custom Essay on
Leadership Styles & Quality Supervision Discussion
Get a 15% discount on this Paper
Order Essay
Quality Guaranteed

With us, you are either satisfied 100% or you get your money back-No monkey business

Check Prices
Make an order in advance and get the best price
Pages (550 words)
$0.00
*Price with a welcome 15% discount applied.
Pro tip: If you want to save more money and pay the lowest price, you need to set a more extended deadline.
We know that being a student these days is hard. Because of this, our prices are some of the lowest on the market.

Instead, we offer perks, discounts, and free services to enhance your experience.
Sign up, place your order, and leave the rest to our professional paper writers in less than 2 minutes.
step 1
Upload assignment instructions
Fill out the order form and provide paper details. You can even attach screenshots or add additional instructions later. If something is not clear or missing, the writer will contact you for clarification.
s
Get personalized services with My Paper Support
One writer for all your papers
You can select one writer for all your papers. This option enhances the consistency in the quality of your assignments. Select your preferred writer from the list of writers who have handledf your previous assignments
Same paper from different writers
Are you ordering the same assignment for a friend? You can get the same paper from different writers. The goal is to produce 100% unique and original papers
Copy of sources used
Our homework writers will provide you with copies of sources used on your request. Just add the option when plaing your order
What our partners say about us
We appreciate every review and are always looking for ways to grow. See what other students think about our do my paper service.
Social Work and Human Services
Great Job!
Customer 452587, October 27th, 2021
Nursing
Excellent work! Thanks again!
Customer 452707, December 11th, 2022
Business and administrative studies
Thank you very much for your help.
Customer 452861, September 16th, 2022
IT, Web
Did an excellent job with the body of the paper and staying on the topic.
Customer 452885, October 27th, 2022
Human Resources Management (HRM)
Thank you so much for your time.
Customer 452701, September 5th, 2023
Nursing
Great work! Thank you so much.
Customer 452707, July 15th, 2022
Other
AWESOME
Customer 452813, June 25th, 2022
Classic English Literature
Nicely done. Ty. Worth every penny.
Customer 452455, June 6th, 2021
Other
good
Customer 452813, June 30th, 2022
Medicine
Great job! Thank you.
Customer 452707, May 29th, 2022
Psychology
Thanks so very much. The paper is well-researched and adequately referenced. You have been of great help during the pandemic!
Customer 452467, January 31st, 2021
Human Resources Management (HRM)
Thank you so much.
Customer 452701, August 15th, 2023
Enjoy affordable prices and lifetime discounts
Use a coupon FIRST15 and enjoy expert help with any task at the most affordable price.
Order Now Order in Chat

We now help with PROCTORED EXAM. Chat with a support agent for more details