NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing

NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing How do beta-blockers work? What exactly do antibiotics do to the bacteria they target? What effects does an anti-depressant have on blood flow? Questions like these are related to the underlying pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of pharmacotherapeutics. As an advanced practice nurse, understanding these fundamental pharmacotherapeutic concepts is important to ensure that the prescription drugs you recommend for your patients will be safe and effective to treat and/or manage their symptoms. Additionally, as the advanced practice nurse, it is your responsibility to ensure that when prescribing prescription drugs, you adhere to the ethical and legal principles set forth for prescribing drugs as an added layer of protection and safety for the patients you will treat. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing. This week, you will analyze factors that may influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamics processes of a patient and assess the details of a personalized plan of care that you develop based on influencing factors and patient history. You will also evaluate and analyze ethical and legal implications and practices related to prescribing drugs, including disclosure and nondisclosure, and analyze the process of writing prescriptions to avoid medication errors. ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS Learning Objectives Students will: Analyze factors that influence pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes in patients Assess patient factors and history to develop personalized plans of care Evaluate ethical and legal implications related to prescribing drugs Analyze ethical and legal practices of prescribing drugs Analyze strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure Justify advanced practice nurse strategies to guide prescription drug decision-making Analyze the process of writing prescriptions to avoid medication errors NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing Learning Resources Required Readings (click to expand/reduce) Rosenthal, L. D., & Burchum, J. R. (2018). Lehne’s pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice providers . St. Louis, MO: Elsevier. Chapter 1, “Prescriptive Authority” (pp. 1–3) Chapter 2, “Rational Drug Selection and Prescription Writing” (pp. 5–9) Chapter 3, “Promoting Positive Outcomes of Drug Therapy” (pp. 11–16) Chapter 4, “Pharmacokinetics, Pharmacodynamics, and Drug Interactions” (pp. 17–40) Chapter 5, “Adverse Drug Reactions and Medical Errors” (pp. 41–49) Chapter 6, “Individual Variation in Drug Response” (pp. 51–56) American Geriatrics Society 2019 Beers Criteria Update Expert Panel. (2019). American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults. Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, 67 (4), 674–694. doi:10.1111/jgs.15767 American Geriatrics Society 2019 updated AGS Beers criteria for potentially inappropriate medication use in older adults by American Geriatrics Society, in Journal of the American Geriatrics Society, Vol. 67/Issue 4. Copyright 2019 by Blackwell Publishing. Reprinted by permission of Blackwell Publishing via the Copyright Clearance Center. This article is an update to the Beers Criteria, which includes lists of potentially inappropriate medications to be avoided in older adults as well as newly added criteria that lists select drugs that should be avoided or have their dose adjusted based on the individual’s kidney function and select drug-drug interactions documented to be associated with harms in older adults. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-a). Code of federal regulations. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/21cfr/cfr/1300/1300_01.htm This website outlines the code of federal regulations for prescription drugs. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-b). Mid-level practitioners authorization by state. Retrieved May 13, 2019 from http://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/practioners/index.html This website outlines the schedules for controlled substances, including prescriptive authority for each schedule. Drug Enforcement Administration. (2006). Practitioner’s manual. Retrieved from http://www.legalsideofpain.com/uploads/pract_manual090506.pdf This manual is a resource for practitioners who prescribe, dispense, and administer controlled substances. It provides information on general requirements, security issues, recordkeeping, prescription requirements, and addiction treatment programs. Drug Enforcement Administration. (n.d.-c). Registration. Retrieved February 1, 2019, from https://www.deadiversion.usdoj.gov/drugreg/index.html This website details key aspects of drug registration. Fowler, M. D. M., & American Nurses Association. (2015). Guide to the Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements: Development, Interpretation, and Application (2nd ed.). Silver Spring, Maryland: American Nurses Association. This resource introduces the code of ethics for nurses and highlights critical aspects for ethical guideline development, interpretation, and application in practice. Institute for Safe Medication Practices. (2017). List of error-prone abbreviations, symbols, and dose designations. Retrieved from https://www.ismp.org/recommendations/error-prone-abbreviations-list This website provides a list of prescription-writing abbreviations that might lead to misinterpretation, as well as suggestions for preventing resulting errors. Ladd, E., & Hoyt, A. (2016). Shedding light on nurse practitioner prescribing. The Journal for Nurse Practitioners, 12 (3), 166–173. doi:10.1016/j.nurpra.2015.09.17 This article provides NPs with information regarding state-based laws for NP prescribing. Sabatino, J. A., Pruchnicki, M. C., Sevin, A. M., Barker, E., Green, C. G., & Porter, K. (2017). Improving prescribing practices: A pharmacist?led educational intervention for nurse practitioner students. Journal of the American Association ofNursePractitioners, 29 (5), 248–254. doi:10.1002/2327-6924.12446 The authors of this article assess the impact of a pharmacist?led educational intervention on family nurse practitioner (FNP) students’ prescribing skills, perception of preparedness to prescribe, and perception of pharmacist as collaborator. Required Media (click to expand/reduce) Introduction to Advanced Pharmacology Meet Dr. Terry Buttaro, associate professor of practice at Simmons College of Nursing and Health Sciences as she discusses the importance of pharmacology for the advanced practice nurse. (8m) NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing Accessible player –Downloads– Download Video w/CC Download Audio Download Transcript Discussion: Pharmacokinetics and Pharmacodynamics As an advanced practice nurse assisting physicians in the diagnosis and treatment of disorders, it is important to not only understand the impact of disorders on the body, but also the impact of drug treatments on the body. The relationships between drugs and the body can be described by pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Pharmacokinetics describes what the body does to the drug through absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion, whereas pharmacodynamics describes what the drug does to the body. Photo Credit: Getty Images/Ingram Publishing When selecting drugs and determining dosages for patients, it is essential to consider individual patient factors that might impact the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes. These patient factors include genetics, gender, ethnicity, age, behavior (i.e., diet, nutrition, smoking, alcohol, illicit drug abuse), and/or pathophysiological changes due to disease. For this Discussion, you reflect on a case from your past clinical experiences and consider how a patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes may alter his or her response to a drug. To Prepare Review the Resources for this module and consider the principles of pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics. Reflect on your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practices from the last 5 years and think about how pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic factors altered his or her anticipated response to a drug. Consider factors that might have influenced the patient’s pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes, such as genetics (including pharmacogenetics), gender, ethnicity, age, behavior, and/or possible pathophysiological changes due to disease. Think about a personalized plan of care based on these influencing factors and patient history in your case study. By Day 3 of Week 1 Post a description of the patient case from your experiences, observations, and/or clinical practice from the last 5 years. Then, describe factors that might have influenced pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patient you identified. Finally, explain details of the personalized plan of care that you would develop based on influencing factors and patient history in your case. Be specific and provide examples. By Day 6 of Week 1 Read a selection of your colleagues’ responses and respond to at least two of your colleagues on two different days by suggesting additional patient factors that might have interfered with the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic processes of the patients they described. In addition, suggest how the personalized plan of care might change if the age of the patient were different and/or if the patient had a comorbid condition, such as renal failure, heart failure, or liver failure. Note: For this Discussion, you are required to complete your initial post before you will be able to view and respond to your colleagues’ postings. Begin by clicking on the “Post to Discussion Question” link, and then select “Create Thread” to complete your initial post. Remember, once you click on Submit, you cannot delete or edit your own posts, and you cannot post anonymously. Please check your post carefully before clicking on Submit! Submission and Grading Information. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing Grading Criteria To access your rubric: Week 1 Discussion Rubric Post by Day 3 of Week 1 and Respond by Day 6 of Week 1 To Participate in this Discussion: Week 1 Discussion ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS Assignment: Ethical and Legal Implications of Prescribing Drugs What type of drug should you prescribe based on your patient’s diagnosis? How much of the drug should the patient receive? How often should the drug be administered? When should the drug not be prescribed? Are there individual patient factors that could create complications when taking the drug? Should you be prescribing drugs to this patient? How might different state regulations affect the prescribing of this drug to this patient? These are some of the questions you might consider when selecting a treatment plan for a patient. Photo Credit: Getty Images/Caiaimage As an advanced practice nurse prescribing drugs, you are held accountable for people’s lives every day. Patients and their families will often place trust in you because of your position. With this trust comes power and responsibility, as well as an ethical and legal obligation to “do no harm.” It is important that you are aware of current professional, legal, and ethical standards for advanced practice nurses with prescriptive authority. Additionally, it is important to ensure that the treatment plans and administration/prescribing of drugs is in accordance with the regulations of the state in which you practice. Understanding how these regulations may affect the prescribing of certain drugs in different states may have a significant impact on your patient’s treatment plan. In this Assignment, you explore ethical and legal implications of scenarios and consider how to appropriately respond. To Prepare Review the Resources for this module and consider the legal and ethical implications of prescribing prescription drugs, disclosure, and nondisclosure. Review the scenario assigned by your Instructor for this Assignment. Search specific laws and standards for prescribing prescription drugs and for addressing medication errors for your state or region, and reflect on these as you review the scenario assigned by your Instructor. Consider the ethical and legal implications of the scenario for all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family. Think about two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your ethically and legally responsible decision-making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose any medication errors. By Day 7 of Week 1 Write a 2- to 3-page paper that addresses the following: Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved, such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and patient’s family. Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario you selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state. Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse, would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation. Explain the process of writing prescriptions, including strategies to minimize medication errors. Reminder: The College of Nursing requires that all papers submitted include a title page, introduction, summary, and references. The College of Nursing Writing Template with Instructions provided at the Walden Writing Center offers an example of those required elements (available at https://academicguides.waldenu.edu/writingcenter/templates/general#s-lg-box-20293632 ). All papers submitted must use this formatting. Submission and Grading Information. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing To submit your completed Assignment for review and grading, do the following: Please save your Assignment using the naming convention “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” as the name. Click the Week 1 Assignment Rubric to review the Grading Criteria for the Assignment. Click the Week 1 Assignment link. You will also be able to “View Rubric” for grading criteria from this area. Next, from the Attach File area, click on the Browse My Computer button. Find the document you saved as “WK1Assgn+last name+first initial.(extension)” and click Open . If applicable: From the Plagiarism Tools area, click the checkbox for I agree to submit my paper(s) to the Global Reference Database . Click on the Submit button to complete your submission. Grading Criteria To access your rubric: Week 1 Assignment Rubric Check Your Assignment Draft for Authenticity To check your Assignment draft for authenticity: Submit your Week 1 Assignment draft and review the originality report. Submit Your Assignment by Day 7 of Week 1 To participate in this Assignment: Week 1 Assignment ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS Rubric Detail Select Grid View or List View to change the rubric’s layout. Name: NURS_6521_Week1_Assignment_Rubric. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing Grid View List View Excellent Good Fair Poor Explain the ethical and legal implications of the scenario you selected on all stakeholders involved such as the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. 23 (23%) – 25 (25%) The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing The response includes accurate, clear, and detailed explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. 20 (20%) – 22 (22%) The response explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected on all stakeholders involved. The response includes accurate explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. 18 (18%) – 19 (19%) The response inaccurately or vaguely explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved. The response includes vague explanations as to how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family. 0 (0%) – 17 (17%) The response vaguely and inaccurately explains the ethical and legal implications of the scenario selected for all stakeholders involved, or the response is missing. The response vaguely and inaccurately explains how these implications affect the prescriber, pharmacist, patient, and the patient’s family, or is missing. Describe strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected. Be sure to reference laws specific to your state. 18 (18%) – 20 (20%) An accurate, detailed, and clear description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided. The response includes specific, detailed, and accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario. 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) An accurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided. The response includes accurate reference to state laws related to the scenario. 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) A vague or inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided. The response includes inaccurate or vague reference to state laws related to the scenario. 0 (0%) – 13 (13%) A vague and inaccurate description of strategies to address disclosure and nondisclosure as identified in the scenario selected is provided, or is missing. The response includes vague and inaccurate reference to state laws related to the scenario, or is missing. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing Explain two strategies that you, as an advanced practice nurse would use to guide your decision making in this scenario, including whether you would disclose your error. Be sure to justify your explanation. 18 (18%) – 20 (20%) The response accurately and thoroughly explains in detail at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario. The response accurately and completely explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate, detailed, and clear justification for the explanation provided. 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) The response accurately explains at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario. The response accurately explains whether they would disclose the error, including an accurate justification for the explanation provided. 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) The response inaccurately or vaguely explains at least two strategies that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or only explains one strategy. The response inaccurately or vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, including a justification that is vague, inaccurate, or misaligned to the explanation provided. 0 (0%) – 13 (13%) The response inaccurately and vaguely explains only one strategy that an advanced practice nurse would use to guide decision making in the scenario, or is missing. The response inaccurately and vaguely explains whether they would disclose the error, with no justification provided, or is missing. Explain the process of writing prescriptions including strategies to minimize medication errors. 18 (18%) – 20 (20%) The response provides an accurate, detailed, and thorough explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including detailed strategies to minimize medication errors. 16 (16%) – 17 (17%) The response provides an accurate explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including some strategies to minimize medication errors. 14 (14%) – 15 (15%) The response provides an inaccurate or vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including inaccurate or vague strategies to minimize medication errors. 0 (0%) – 13 (13%) The response provides an inaccurate and vague explanation of the process of writing prescriptions, including inaccurate and vague strategies to minimize medication errors, or is missing. Written Expression and Formatting – Paragraph Development and Organization: Paragraphs make clear points that support well developed ideas, flow logically, and demonstrate continuity of ideas. Sentences are carefully focused–neither long and rambling nor short and lacking substance. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity. 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 80% of the time. 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity 60%–79% of the time. 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Paragraphs and sentences follow writing standards for flow, continuity, and clarity less than 60% of the time. Written Expression and Formatting – English writing standards: Correct grammar, mechanics, and proper punctuation 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct grammar, spelling, and punctuation with no errors 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1–2) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3–4) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (? 5) grammar, spelling, and punctuation errors that interfere with the reader’s understanding Written Expression and Formatting – The paper follows correct APA format for title page, headings, font, spacing, margins, indentations, page numbers, running head, parenthetical/in-text citations, and reference list. 5 (5%) – 5 (5%) Uses correct APA format with no errors 4 (4%) – 4 (4%) Contains a few (1–2) APA format errors. NURS6521 Week 1: Basic Pharmacotherapeutic Concepts/Ethical and Legal Aspects of Prescribing 3.5 (3.5%) – 3.5 (3.5%) Contains several (3–4) APA format errors 0 (0%) – 3 (3%) Contains many (? 5) APA format errors Total Points: 100 Name: NURS_6521_Week1_Assignment_Rubric Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10

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