Post of Chagas Diseases

Post of Chagas Diseases ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON Post of Chagas Diseases I Attach the sample post and all the requirements that need to be including is very important to fallow all the instructions. Post of Chagas Diseases attachment_1 attachment_2 Necrotizing Fasciitis West Coast University General, overall description of the disease Necrotizing fasciitis (NF) is a serious bacterial skin infection that spreads quickly causing necrosis of fascia and subcutaneous fat resulting in necrosis of skin and muscle. It is known by the population as flesh-eating bacteria (Bauman, 2014). Pathogenesis/pathophysiology • S. pyogenes is passed from person to person entering the body through breaks in the skin. It secretes enzymes allowing the bacterium to invade body tissues. These enzymes are streptokinases which dissolve blood clots, hyaluronidase which breaks down hyaluronic acid between cells, and deoxyribonucleases which break down DNA released from damaged host cells. Another virulence factor is M protein which allows S. pyogenes to survive phagocytosis. The bacterium also secretes toxins such as streptolysin s which kills many types of human cells, including neutrophils and erythrocytes, and exotoxin a which triggers an overactive response that further damages healthy tissue (Bauman, 2014). Complications/sequelae • If necrotizing fasciitis is left untreated, it can cause complications to other organ systems. The organ systems affected could include the integumentary, cardiovascular, pulmonary, gastrointestinal, genitourinary, and immunologic. Complications and sequelae with the integumentary systems are obviously seen with the removal of dead tissue that must happen immediately once it is determined that there is NF; the cardiovascular system is affected due to the hypotension and tachycardia that occurs as a sing of NF; heart, respiratory, and renal failure may develop as the disease advances and the person develops sepsis (Goodman & Snyder, 2013) Treatment options • Once NF is diagnosed, the affected tissue must be removed completely in order to remove the bacteria, and amputation may be necessary if the infection spreads to other organ systems. As for medications, intravenous broad-spectrum antimicrobial drugs are administered (File, Tan & DiPersio, 1998). Following initial surgical debridement (Courtesy of University of Louisville Hospital) (Medscape, 2016) (Bauman, 2014) Prevalence of the disease in the population • There are 500,000 cases of necrotizing fasciitis worldwide each year with a death rate of 20% of the infected people dying (Bauman, 2014) After surgical debridement (Courtesy of University of Louisville Hospital) Etiology Necrotizing fasciitis is caused by bacteria, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Clostridium perfringens, and Bacterioides fragilis, but the most common causative agent is Streptococcus pyogenes, also known as group A Streptococcus. The strains responsible for the condition have virulence factors that allow the bacterium to invade body tissues, resist phagocytosis, and damage cells and tissues (Bauman, 2014). (Bauman, 2014) Clinical manifestations • Necrotizing fasciitis usually presents with redness, intense pain, and swelling at the site of infection initially. Also common are flu-like symptoms such as nausea, vomiting, fever, and malaise. Patients can also present tachycardia, altered mental state, and diabetic ketoacidosis (Puvanendran, Huey & Pasupathy, 2009). Prognosis Regardless of treatment, NF has an estimated mortality rate of 20-40%. When clindamycin and penicillin are used together, the cure rate is 83%, when penicillin is used by itself, the cure rate is much lower at 41% (Bauman, 2014). If patients are not treated promptly, they may develop toxic shock syndrome which may lead to multiple organ failure and death (Necrotizing fasciitis, 2012). Necrotizing Fasciitis Carla Martinez | West Coast University References: PATH370 CHOOSE A DISEASE – RESEARCH ASSIGNMENT OUTLINE 1. Select a disease you would like to research. You must choose a unique disease and cannot duplicate topics. Post of Chagas Diseases Your topic must be a disease that is not covered in the class textbook, and you must get approval for your topic from Prof. Stephens. 2. Your poster should be made using PowerPoint. To use the appropriate dimensions, under the “Design” tab, you need to select “Page Layout” and change the dimensions to Width = 36 inches and Length = 24 inches. By changing these dimensions, you will be able to use a variety of font sizes more effectively. 3. It must include a combination of figures/pictures and text and it must use pathophysiology terminology. 4. 4. For your chosen disease, you must provide information about each of the following: a) General, overall description of the disease b) Prevalence of the disease in the U.S. population (or world if rare disorder) including frequency of occurrence (e.g., 1 in 100,000 people) c) Etiology – list and explain the causative factors associated with the disease d) Pathogenesis/pathophysiology – explain how the disease damages the body (cell/organ changes) e) Clinical manifestations – list all major signs/symptoms associated with your disease f) Complications/sequelae – list all major complications and/or sequelae that may occur as a result of your disease g) Treatment options – list major treatments used for your disease h) Prognosis – provide the outcome of your disease with and without treatment 5. You must use a minimum of 5 clear, appropriate figures/tables associated with the information you provide. If you use any figures from a source other than your own, you must reference it accordingly using (Author, Year). 6. You must reference your material appropriately and list all sources of information. Your references may include books, websites, textbook, etc. You must use a minimum of 3 sources and reference the material using APA format for both in-text citations and in a “References” section. PLAGIARISM WILL NOT BE TOLERATED AND MAY RESULT IN A GRADE OF ZERO FOR THE ENTIRE ASSIGNMENT. DISEASE PRESENTATION GRADING FORM NAME: DISEASE: POINTS 1. General description /5 2. Prevalence – U.S. population and/or world – frequency of occurrence /2 3. Etiology – thoroughly explained causative factors /10 4. Pathogenesis/pathophysiology – thoroughly explained cellular/organ changes /15 5. Clinical manifestations – all major signs and symptoms /15 6. Complications and/or sequelae – determined possible problems due to disease 7. Treatment options – all major treatments listed 8. Prognosis – possible disease outcome with or without treatment 9. Use of figures and/or tables – at least 5 provided – clear, easy to read – effectively illustrated disease components 11. Presentation, Organization and Flow – must be in an orderly, logical fashion that is neat, easy to follow and read 12. Spelling/Grammar /5 /10 /3 /10 /10 /5 13. References (APA format) TOTAL /10 /100 COMMENTS … Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10