WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper

WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper ORDER NOW FOR CUSTOMIZED AND ORIGINAL ESSAY PAPERS ON WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper Implementation Plan For this section of your research proposal assignment, you will focus on the implementation plan, which includes considerations for ethics, recruitment practices, and a plan for how you will collect your data. Please note that you will not explain how to analyze your data in this section, but rather how you will go about collecting the data. WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper The following components must be addressed: Explain how you will ensure your research is conducted in an ethical manner Include a copy of an informed consent that will be included for participants of your research proposal project (see pp. 202–203 for a sample) Explain how you will recruit participants for your study, and how your recruitment process will remain ethical. Be sure to address any incentives (if applicable) Explain what quantitative data you will collect and how you will go about collecting this data (survey, questionnaire, observation, etc.) APA formatting, references, and citations are required. *** I have attached my research paper for further assistance and reference on this assignment. Thanks! nurs_540_week_2.doc Running Head: LIT REVIEW CLABSI 1 Literature Review Name University Course Professor Date LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 2 Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI); Literature Review Hospitals and other healthcare providing organizations play an integral part in the provision of quality care and treatment of patients. However, while healthcare providers’ primary responsibility is to treat patients and ensure lives are saved, there are few incidences in which hospitals and care providers have turned out to be a source of infections. Accidents or not being careful are some for the ways through which patients may be exposed to further infections are the hospital. For instance, improper use of equipment such as needles may lead to iatrogenic diseases at the hospital. Such mistakes or accidents may introduce new infections to patients. The infections may be deadly; they could also lead to prolonged stay at the healthcare institution, translating into further costs incurred by the patient. A typical case is Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI), which forms the basis for discussion in this paper. Chlorhexidine baths form part of the intervention protocols in cases of CLABSI. Thus this paper tries to tackle the research question “In neonatal patients who have a central line (P), how does the use of Chlorhexidine baths (I), versus not performing Chlorhexidine baths (C), influence the risk of infection rates (O) during the first sixty days of having their central lines placed (T)?” Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infections A Central Line-Associated Blood Stream Infection (CLABSI) is lab-detected contamination of the blood, which is not related to an infection at any other locality. WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper It usually occurs inside two days of central line administration (Cho & Cho, 2019). Bacteria and other disease-causing microorganisms enter the patient’s bloodstream via the central line, leading to varied infections. Most of these infections are preventable. Care providers can avoid such cases by ensuring proper asepsis and aseptic procedures, good surveillance, and effective management LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 3 practices. It should be noted that neonates do not have powerful immunity at birth, and any slight mistake, especially during central line placement, could easily give way for CLABSI. Literature Overview on CLABSI and Chlorhexidine Baths Management Neonates have higher chances of contracting CLABSI. Catheter-associated hematogenous toxicities are categorized as the most prevalent nosocomial diseases affecting neonates all over the world (Cho & Cho, 2019). Late-onset sepsis usually occurs in about thirtyfive percent of deficient birthweight babies, with most of these cases being caused by central venous catheters. Mortality rates among infants with CLABSI is usually very high. Additionally, surviving neonates have been found with health conditions such as neurodevelopmental challenges and stunted growth. Antiseptics are a common and essential factor in the prevention of CLABSI and other nosocomial infections. They are crucial to killing microorganisms hence significantly lowering the chances of infection. Chlorhexidine gluconate is one common antiseptic that is vital in the control and prevention of nosocomial diseases (Cho & Cho, 2019). WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper It is known to have efficacy against both gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria, as well as other microbes such as yeast and molds. Its mode of action is through the disruption of the microorganisms’ cytoplasmic membranes and has got a long residual effect, acting for many hours after application (Cho & Cho, 2019). Several studies have been done on the application of Chlorhexidine in the stoppage of CLABSI in infants, with many of them pointing to positive results. This is even though the disinfectant is contraindicated in children less than two months old. Even though Chlorhexidine has been contraindicated in infants below two years, it is still being used in several newborn intensive care units, primarily due to a lack of proven substitutes (Cho & Cho, 2019). LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 4 Use of Chlorhexidine Baths Versus Not Performing Chlorhexidine Baths; Influence of the risk of Infection Rates Numerous studies have been conducted on Chlorhexidine use in the prevention of CLABSI, both in infants and other sick individuals. Although the use of Chlorhexidine in neonates below two months of age is not recommended, it is still being used. This is due to the lack of proven alternatives. Generally, chlorhexidine antiseptic bas been associated with substantial success rates in the stoppage of CLABSI among all sick people. “Chlorhexidine bathing in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit: impact on central line-associated bloodstream infections” (Quach et al.,2014) Quach et al., (2014) sought to understand whether the usage of Chlorhexidine gluconate bathing was effective in the deterrence of CLABSI among neonates. The study included infants who had been taken to newborn intensive care units with central venous catheters. The study was conducted between 2009 and 2014. Infants were bathed with mild soap between 2009 and 2012, with the second group being washed with Chlorhexidine gluconate between 2012 and 2014. Overall, 790 neonates took part in the study. The results by Quach et al., (2014) showed significant differences between the two groups. Cases of CLABSI significantly reduced in the Chlorhexidine gluconate bathed cluster, in comparison to those washed with normal soap. This research confirms the importance of Chlorhexidine gluconate in CLABSI prevention. “WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper Decreasing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care” (Powers and Wirttschafter, 2020). Powers and Wirttschafter (2020) also carried out a study on CLABSI, the associated effects, and hew best the infection can be prevented among patients. This study is essential in its LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 5 determination of Chlorhexidine as having the potential to decrease or prevent CLABSI among neonates. Powers and Wirttschafter (2020) outline the importance of Chlorhexidine gluconate as an antiseptic in the prevention of CLABSI. According to the study, Chlorhexidine has got a long residual effect, and it is particularly effective against skin microbes. The antiseptic inhibits the extraluminal migration of microorganisms once the catheter has been inserted. The authors reveal marked differences in infection rates between Chlorhexidine bathed neonates and those who do not use Chlorhexidine. However, Powers and Wirttschafter (2020) are also quick to note the antiseptic contraindication among infants less than eight weeks. “Central line-associated bloodstream infections in neonates” (Cho & Cho, 2019). In their study on CLABSI among neonates, Cho & Cho (2019) provide a global picture of the infection prevalence. Additionally, their research goes more in-depth into determining the efficacy of Chlorhexidine baths in the prevention of CLABSI. According to the study, CLABSI cases are recorded in about thirty-five percent of low birth weight babies. Further, the study compares CLABSI rates between Chlorhexidine bathed patients and those without the antiseptic. According to the survey, the antiseptic has proven to be effective against CLABSI in many patients. WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper While other studies provide successful outcomes of Chlorhexidine in the preclusion of CLABSI among neonates, Cho & Cho (2019) tends to slightly differ, sighing the adverse effects of the antiseptic among children less than two months. This study surveyed US hospitals that employed the use of the disinfectant in children. Fifty-one percent of the hospitals reported adverse skin reactions among the infants. LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 6 “Significant reduction of central-line associated bloodstream infections in a network of diverse neonatal nurseries” (Shepherd et al., 2015) Shepherd et al., (2015) carried out this study to determine the significant factors that contribute to reduced CLABSI rates amid babies in the intensive care unit. Several factors were considered in this study. Among these factors was application of Chlorhexidine baths in the neonates. From this survey, the use of Chlorhexidine baths and other infection prevention factors such as patient monitoring significantly contributed to a substantial reduction in the rates of CLABSI. Without Chlorhexidine, the degree of contamination was at six CLABSI per every one thousand catheter days. On the other hand, with the introduction of Chlorhexidine baths, infection rates reduced to below two CLABSI per thousand catheter days. Thus, (Shepherd et al., 2015) resolved that CLABSI degrees declined significantly with the application of Chlorhexidine baths, in comparison to babies that were not subjected to the antiseptic. “Effect of chlorhexidine baths on central-line-associated bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in a developing country” (Cleves et al., 2018).WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper Cleves et al., (2018) carried out this survey for over sixty-two months, between January 2012 and February 2017. The study’s main aim was to establish the effects of Chlorhexidine baths on CLABSI among children. Similar to the one conducted by Quach et al., (2014), the investigation was divided into phases, the pre-implementation stage (where neonates were not put under Chlorhexidine bath) and the post-implementation period (the period in which Chlorhexidine baths were introduced). Just like the other studies under review, Cleves et al., (2018) established that Chlorhexidine gluconate yielded better results in the prevention of LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 7 CLABSI among children. The study found that CLABSI rates per one thousand central line days went down by almost half, from 8.64 to 4.28. “Is Chlorhexidine an Effective Antiseptic to Prevent CLABSI for PICC Line Maintenance in the Neonatal Population?” (Blankenship,2016) A review of various literature was conducted by Blankenship (2016) to understand the efficacy of Chlorhexidine gluconate in the stoppage of CLABSI among neonates. In this study, several articles with numerous case studies and experiments were reviewed. Several studies showed that Chlorhexidine, although with restricted use among neonates, provided better results in the prevention of CLABSI among children. Thus, Blankenship (2016) concluded that neonates subjected to Chlorhexidine bath had lower CLABSI rates than those that were not introduced to Chlorhexidine wash. Conclusion Cases of CLABSI are prevalent in neonates. WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper Numerous intervention procedures for the prevention of CLABSI have been documented, with the use of Chlorhexidine gluconate being one of them. From the literature review, it is evident that neonates’ use of Chlorhexidine baths significantly prevents CLABSI rates among neonates. However, further studies are needed, especially on the effects of Chlorhexidine gluconate use among neonates below eight weeks of age. LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 8 References Blankenship, L. (2016). Is Chlorhexidine an Effective Antiseptic to Prevent CLABSI for PICC Line Maintenance in the Neonatal Population? (Doctoral dissertation). Cho, H. J., & Cho, H. K. (2019). Central line-associated bloodstream infections in neonates. Korean Journal of pediatrics, 62(3), 79. Cleves, D., Pino, J., Patiño, J. A., Rosso, F., Vélez, J. D., & Pérez, P. (2018). Effect of chlorhexidine baths on central-line-associated bloodstream infections in a neonatal intensive care unit in a developing country. Journal of Hospital Infection, 100(3), e196e199. Powers Richard and Wirtschafter W. David. (2020). Decreasing Central Line-Associated Bloodstream Infection in Neonatal Intensive Care. Clinics in Perinatology. Volume 37, Issue 1, March 2010, Pages 247-272 Shepherd, E. G., Kelly, T. J., Vinsel, J. A., Cunningham, D. J., Keels, E., Beauseau, W., & McClead Jr, R. E. (2015). Significant reduction of central-line associated bloodstream infections in a network of diverse neonatal nurseries. The Journal of pediatrics, 167(1), 41-46. Quach C, Milstone AM, Perpête C, Bonenfant M, Moore DL, Perreault T. (2014). Chlorhexidine bathing in a tertiary care neonatal intensive care unit: impact on central line-associated bloodstream infections. Infect Control doi:10.1086/674862. PMID: 24442078. Hosp Epidemiol. Feb;35(2) 158-163. LIT. REVIEW CLABSI 9 …WCU NURS 540 Effectiveness of Chlorohexidine Baths in Reducing CLABSI Paper Get a 10 % discount on an order above $ 100 Use the following coupon code : NURSING10

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