Biology

 Several bacteria live naturally in the material on your teeth called plaque that contains many different species, which interact with each other in significant ways. Identify some of the problems of studying one of these bacterial species after isolating it through a streak plate procedure and examining its behavior. three or four good sentences

Microscopy Lab Report This report is to be answered while reading the document called “Microscopy Report Instructions” and viewing the videos in that document. There are helpful hints and directions for each question in that document as well, so read carefully! Reminder: if you use sources that are not the Instructions document, include their URL after your answer for the question. Question 1. Complete the following two tables Your answer: use only -> (Bright or dark) For light field microscope Color of the background circle Color of the cells Your answer: use only -> (Bright or dark) For dark field microscope Color of the background circle Color of the cells Question 2. Explain how to achieve darkfield microscopy. What is the benefit of using darkfield vs. brightfield? There is a hint in the instructions document. Question 3. Explain how to use the oil immersion lens. Start with placing the slide on the stage. Question 4. Describe the types of motility that you saw in the video indicated in the “Microscopy Report Instructions”. Did the type of field used to influence what you saw at all? Question 5. Why might it be advantageous for a bacterium to be able to swim? instructions below for each Microscopy Report Instructions In in this document, I will walk you step by step through what you need to do to fill out the microscopy report. Notice that this is an instruction guide and will not have all of the answers for the report completely laid out for you. Goals: • Introduce the concept of different kind of microscopes. • What is the difference between light (Brightfield) microscopy vs darkfield Microscopy? • Review your understanding of how to view a specimen under oil immersion. When life was simple and we were in class, this lab report would have been filled out while you viewed different wet mounts (samples of pond water) under a light compound microscope and then under a darkfield microscope. This exercise has been adapted for our Remote lab. Question 1- should be answered while or after watching this video https://youtu.be/B9gul0IGUdM All that Question 1 is asking is for you to compare and contrast the colours (bright or dark) of the cells to the background of each respective darkfield microscope and then light field microscope. Question 2. Understand that the only difference between a light microscope and a darkfield microscope is the addition/ change of 1 single microscope part. The name of the part is mentioned in the YouTube video from question 1 between time 0:20 – 0:35. The answer for the rest of the question can be found on the same video. Question 3. I DO NOT WANT A DIRECT QUOTATION from your lab manual or PowerPoint slides. Instead, make sure to paraphrase and say it in your own words. What I want is simply basic instructions. For example: first, do this, then do this, then do that. Your answer should be provided in numbered steps. If you want to double-check your understanding, here is a good video to watch (especially from 06:10). Question 4. Make sure to answer ALL that is being asked while watching THIS SPECIFIC VIDEO and the video from Question 1. Question 5. I want you to give me a good logical answer. Think your answer through and focus more on the “why” instead of the “what”. “So that they can move around” is NOT a good answer and will get you a 0.

The discovery of the antibiotic Penicillin in the 1920s made a big impact on human history. Not only did it provide a cure for bacterial infections that were once deadly, but it also led to a golden age in the discovery of new antibiotics. The great benefit of these drugs is that antibiotics inhibit the growth of bacterial cells or kill them outright, and yet, on the whole, do not harm eukaryotic cells. Answer BOTH of the following questions: Given the following list of antibiotics and their targets, explain how each stops bacteria without harming human cells. Base your analyses on the differences between eukaryotic and prokaryotic cells. Considering the targets of these antibiotics, explain why antibiotics in general would not be useful for treating a viral infection.AntibioticTargetPenicillinBlocks cell wall synthesisTetracyclineBlocks protein synthesis by binding to the 30S Unit of the ribosome Chloramphenicol Blocks protein synthesis by binding to the 50S Unit of the ribosome SulfonamidesInhibit folic acid synthesisVancomycinBlocks cross-linking of the peptidoglycan in the cell will read this to enhance your understanding of the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells: How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells? See a comparison of bacterial and viral features here: Differences between bacteria and viruses. Follow these guidelines for your paper: Utilize at least 1 credible source to support the arguments presented in the paper. Make sure you cite appropriately within your paper and list the reference(s) in APA format on your Reference page. Your paper should be 1–2 pages in length, not counting the Title page and      Reference page. ReferencesMobley, H. (2018). How do antibiotics kill bacterial cells but not human cells? Retrieved from: https://www.scientificamerican.com/article/how-do-antibiotics-kill-b/Aryal, S. (2015). Differences between bacteria and viruses. Retrieved from: https://microbiologyinfo.com/differences-between-bacteria-and-viruses/

In this discussion, discuss government-mandated vaccines from a scientific perspective for a bioterrorism event:  Do the benefits outweigh the risks?  Have the side effects been well-documented for these novel vaccines?  What are the risks associated with vaccines approved via the FDA’s two animal rule?  Support your arguments with materials above and from outside sources. Focused on protecting a population from a bioterrorism event. APA format, in-text citation, 1 page, reference include

Then, locate the medical records laws in your state.  Use the following Findlaw site    I Live in Virginia  https://statelaws.findlaw.com/health-care-laws/medical-records.html (Links to an external site.)  Answer the following questions:1.  Can the patient access their own medical records? 2.  Are there any records the patient cannot access?  If so, what kind of medical records and why can’t the patient access them. 3.  How does the patient get a copy of the medical records? 4.  Once the health care provider receives the request for medical records, what must he or she do next?  Are there any time restrictions. 5.  Do any privileges apply to the medical records? 6. Are there any mandatory reporting requirements? 7. Is a patient consent or/and waiver needed? 8.  Do insurance companies provide medical information?  Are there any special requirements they must comply with? 9.  Are there any provisions related to HIV/AIDS?10.  Was there anything new you learned or found interesting?  Submit your assignment in a Word document.  Use the correct APA citations.

At the time of the anthrax outbreak in Sverdlovsk, the Biological Weapons Convention was in place.  Did the Treaty fail?  Did the Soviets violate the treaty? For this conference, investigate the aftermath of the anthrax outbreak.  How did the world community respond?  Did the treaty have the effectiveness required?  Would you have conducted the response differently?  How might a similar outbreak be investigated today? Demonstrate your research competence by finding information related to this topic APA format, 2 pages, in-text citation, references include

1. Read the following paper in detail: Monczak, A., Berry A., Kehrer C., Montie E.W. (2017). Long-term acoustic monitoring of fish calling provides baseline estimates of reproductive timelines in the May River estuary, southeastern USA. Marine Ecology Progress Series 581, 1-19. (FEATURE ARTICLE). 2. Write a one to two pages typed synopsis (single-spaced, 12-point font, times new roman, 1-inch margins) that answers the following questions: a. Why was the research done? What were the major objectives? b. How was it done? Explain the methods. c. What were the major findings? d. Why are the findings important? What are the future directions? Where is the research headed?

Altered Cellular & Tissue Biology Instructions – My topic is Hypoxia If you are assigned to a topic with another person, you will work independently to complete your own discussion posting (This is not a group assignment). 1. In your discussion post, respond to the following prompts about the topic you selected: 2. Explain the actual mechanism of injury. 3. How does the injury change the cellular structure? 4. What is the result of chronic cellular change secondary to this mechanism of injury? 5. What interventions are used to reverse or manage these changes?

This week we will understand our impact on National Parks, and what we should be doing to preserve them.  National parks can be a controversial topic, so make sure that you keep your post and your replies respectful! National Parks can be defined as an entity that: “preserves unimpaired the natural and cultural resources and values of the National Park System for the enjoyment, education, and inspiration of this and future generations. The Park Service cooperates with partners to extend the benefits of natural and cultural resource conservation and outdoor recreation throughout this country and the world” (NPS, 2018). We all have probably enjoyed a National Park, and if you would like more information, take the time to look around: https://www.nationalparks.org/For This Discussion: Find a National Park: https://www.nps.gov/findapark/index.htmChoose the state in which you reside. (I live in Virginia)Recall that this is a biology class, therefore please select a park that allows you to discuss the wildlife (plants and animals) and ecological advantages. Discuss: How large is the park? What types of wildlife are found there? What kind of recreation is present? Have you ever visited in person? What are the ecological advantages of the park? What are the economic advantages of the park? Additional Resources: Wida, E.C. (2018, Mar. 30). Unhappy campers continue to protest Yosemite National Park’s first Starbucks. Today Online. Retrieved from https://www.today.com/food/starbucks-opens-first-national-park-despite-backlash-t126209National Park Service. (2018). About Us. https://www.nps.gov/aboutus/index.htm 

The topic is the Microbiology of Food. Discuss: How microbes grow on food, Good and bad effects, types of microbes… etc.