Biology

Answer the following TWO questions in 300 words or less. You may choose to divide the questions into two responses or fold the two questions into one essay response. Cite both our text and the Frontline piece OR the NYT piece about supplements in your discussion. INCLUDE A REFERENCE LIST in APA format1. What is your understanding of opinion and fact.  -How are opinion and fact about supplements explored in the Frontline or NYT piece?Choose ONE of Ruggerio’s 6 Key Principles for Thinking and explore how the scientists look at the issueOur skill sets as health professionals.-What is an issue that may come up in your current (or goal) health care profession area that could involve an issue of opinion/fact?-How do your clients/patients/customers rely on your judgment?

Research paper that requires recent scientific sources, in text citing, supporting images and diagrams. The following questions need to be answered thoroughly. It will be submitted to a plagiarism detector so nothing can be copied. I will upload:
– A template of the format
– The rubric
– The text book in PDF
– Additional instructions

1. How can you explain the observation that, even within the same family, patients
with the A3243G mutation may manifest very different severity of symptoms?
2. Why would a physician recommend avoiding fasting or to eat multiple smaller meals
during the day rather than the traditional three meals?
3. Some pediatric patients with MELAS react badly when they are immunized against
common childhood diseases. Can you suggest a reason why vaccination may exacerbate
MELAS symptoms?
4. Which of the respiratory complexes would you expect to be least affected by mutations
in mtDNA?
5. Although many mitochondrial diseases, such as MELAS, will involve multiple organs,
neurological or neuromuscular abnormalities are often the earliest signs of disease. Why?
6. Why does the A3243G mutation associated with MELAS lead to reduced activity of
Human Structure and Function GMS 6604 page 13
respiratory complexes I and IV, while the point mutation at 11778 (within the ND4 gene)
associated with Leber’s hereditary optic neuropathy affects only respiratory complex I?
7. Vitamin C (ascorbate) enhances the ab sorption of iron from the intestines. For this
reason, it is recommended that vitamin C not be administered to a patient with MELAS
immediately prior to or subsequent to a meal of red meat o r other foods rich in iron.
What is the biochemical basis for the concern about increased iron availability to a patient with
MELAS?

Please strictly adhere to the instructions. Although there is no minimum for sources there should be some that were used to help the argument. The argument is:

P1) Using genetically modified insects to genetically modify plants can be used to create biological weapons to create intentional human suffering.

P2) All acts that create intentional human suffering are wrong.

C) Using genetically modified insects to genetically modify plants is wrong.

BIO 203 Introductory Biology II Lab SU 2020 (Remote)

Lab 2- Plant Diversity and Evolution

Plants are a dominant component of terrestrial ecosystems and are the source of energy for the majority of other terrestrial organisms. Modern plants descended from an ancestral plant that lived in an aquatic environment. We will study the evolutionary history of the plant kingdom to better understand the selective forces that have shaped plants’ development and led to the diversity of forms in existence today.

We will examine the similarities and differences between members of the Kingdom Plantae and the red, brown, and green algae. Of the three groups of algae, green algae are the closest living relatives to modern land plants. Adaptations for the transition from an aquatic to a terrestrial habitat distinguish members of the plant kingdom.

Plants have been evolving for at least 450 million years, and based on their major adaptive features, five major plant lineages (taxonomic groups) are currently recognized. This exercise will introduce each of these groups. Throughout the lab discussing plant evolution and diversity, a good strategy is to understand the major characteristics of each group, which characteristics are unique to a group, or are found across groups, and how these characteristics reflect adaptations to different environmental conditions.

By the end of this lab you should have a working understanding of:

The origins of plants and the major factors shaping their evolution.
Plant features that are adaptations to the terrestrial environment.
The major plant lineages and features that are characteristic of each group.
The evolutionary relationships among the nonvascular plants, seedless vascular plants, nonflowering seed plants, and flowering seed plants.

Use your BIO 202 Textbook and lecture materials to provide further background information on this evolutionary process.

The Evolutionary Process from Charophytes to Flowering Plants

For each of the evolutionary “steps” listed below between the four major groups of plants, identify the novel adaptation that sets the later-appearing group (listed second) from the first AND describe why this adaptation isbeneficial. (5 points possible each part, 20 points possible total)
Charophytes à Non-Vascular Plants (Bryophytes)
Non-vascular Plants àSeedless Vascular Plants (Pteridophytes)
Seedless Vascular Plants à Non-flowering Seedless Plants (Gymnosperms)
Non-flowering Seedless Plants à Flowering Plants (Angiosperms)

*Each part (a-d) must include an in-text citation and a matching entry in your literature cited section for any reference material used in generating your written answer.

** Your answer to Question 1 (parts a – d combined) must be at least 150 words.

Few, if any, liverworts, mosses or ferns are found growing in dry biomes. Why do you think this happens? Think about the biology of these plants and apply ecological ideas from lecture. (10 points possible each part, 20 points possible total)
List three DIFFERENT reasons why they would not be found growing in hot, dry environments.
What are some strategies used to survive by plants that are found in dry environments such as deserts to survive the harsh environment? Fully develop your thoughts and explain your answers.

*Each part (a-d) must include an in-text citation and a matching entry in your literature cited section for any reference material used in generating your written answer.

**Your answer to Question 2 (parts a and b combined) must be at least 100 words.

Some algae and most other eukaryotes (i.e., plants and animals) have both a haploid and diploid stage during their reproduction. In some organisms the diploid stage is the dominant form that is responsible for the majority of growth and resource acquisition, whereas in others the haploid stage is dominant. (10 points possible each part, 20 points possible total)
In your own words, briefly describe this idea of alteration of generations using the following terms as a part of your answer: haploid, diploid, sporophyte, gametophyte, mitosis, meiosis.
For each of the five groups listed in question 1 above, indicate which generation (i.e., sporophyte or gametophyte) each group is in for a majority of its life cycle.

*Each part (a-d) must include an in-text citation and a matching entry in your literature cited section for any reference material used in generating your written answer.

**Your answer to Question 3 (parts a and b combined) must be at least 100 words.

Reproduce and complete the following table, indicating “Yes” or “No” for each box. (10 points possible)

Table 1. A Comparison of Life History Characteristics for Three Major Plant Groups

Characteristics

Bryophyta

Pteridophyta

Coniferophyta

Airborne spores

Haploid gametophyte

Egg and sperm produced by mitosis

Flagellated sperm

Water-dependent fertilization

Diploid sporophyte

Dependent sporophyte

Independent photosynthetic gametophyte and sporophyte

Dependent gametophyte

Spores produced by meiosis

Ovules

Pollen

Embryo protected by seed coats (seeds)

Seed within fruit

Vascular tissue

2000 word summary of:

· Microbial classifications

· Oral microflora in health and disease

· Acquisition of oral microflora

· Plaque biofilm formation

· Calculus formation

· Factors that affect the growth of microorganisms in the oral cavity

· Etiology of dental caries and gingivitis

Do not use direct quotes at all in this paper. That is plagiarism in science even if you cite it.
Title page
Introduction paragraph
Should include thesis statement that summarizes the main points of body paragraphs / subject of entire paper
Broadly introduce topic. Explain enzymes, what affects them, what the paper is about, etc.
Body paragraphs
Should be at least 3 paragraphs – meaning you have 3 main points to explain about the topic
Should have one sentence that summarizes the paragraph or introduces what the paragraph is talking about.
Explain how different environmental variables affect enzymes and their function
For example, each paragraph could be a different environmental variable, like pH or temp.
Conclusion
One paragraph that resummarizes the entire research paper
Make sure to restate the thesis statement
Don’t plagiarize your introduction
Literature cited
Put 3 sources in apa format in alphabetical order
Be sure you cited each source in the text

Cell Division Study Questions

Answer each question in concise sentences.  Save your document and email it to your instructor.  Many thanks for your cooperation.  This assignment is worth 5 points of your completion score final score.

Define the following terms:
Mitosis
Meiosis
Gamete
Cell cycle
Cancer
Diploid
Haploid
Briefly describe each phase of mitosis
Prophase
Metaphase
Anaphase
Telophase
Explain the difference between mitosis and meiosis.
What is a gamete and how is it produced?
What happens during each phase of the cell cycle?
What are the types of tumors?
What is metastasis?
List two ways that meiosis increases genetic variability.
What is one evolutionary advantage of sexual reproduction?
What is one evolutionary disadvantage of sexual reproduction?
Describe Mendel’s principle of the segregation of alleles.
Describe Mendel’s principle of independent assortment.
In what ways does the behavior of chromosomes explain Mendel’s discoveries?

Watch: First GMO Fish for Human Consumption Will Be Produced in Indiana (Aug 10,2018 report).

What macroenvironmental implications do you see here?
Which target markets are likely to be most vs. least receptive of this product?
Would you eat it? Why/Why not?

Watch:Generation Y Entitled?

and Gen Z

Do marketers need to create separate products and marketing products for each generation?

Assume that you are the market manager at Lenovo.What key information from outside the company would be important to help in the design of a new laptop for small and medium-sized businesses?

Alumni director at your institution wants to know how to serve the alumni better. Design a survey of no more than 10 questions that the alumni director can use to ask alumni about their interest in getting more involved with their school.

Introduction (some of this may be written before you begin your investigation)
explain the topic with relevant background information
what you already know about the topic
why is it interesting to you?
what are you are interested in learning?
Review (summary of sources read)
write as if you are summarizing the sources for others’ benefit
you may include interesting facts that make the topic interesting to you but keep this a review
for most topics, include a discussion of current research and/or recent important discoveries
Discussion (of papers or books read during your research)
what did you learn?
what surprised you?
how does this impact your future study?
anything disappoint you?
how might you contribute to research or work in this field?
Bibliography You may use APA, Harvard, Chicago, MLA, whichever format you are comfortable with as long as you are consistent
PLEASE ONLY USE-
-Use of NVCC academic databases and/or librarians featuring academic articles. Google-only sources are not allowed; popular magazines and newspapers should be used sparingly. Consult librarians for assistance. AS SOURCES, PROVIDE A WORK CITED PAGE

SQ5- Enzymes Study Questions
1. Define the following:
a. Enzyme
b. Active site
c. Catalyst
d. Activation energy
e. Substrate
2. Describe the function of an enzyme
3. Explain the “lock and key” model of enzyme action.
Factors that affect enzyme action
Conditions Increase enzyme activity Increase enzyme activity
Temperature
Enzyme concentration
pH

4. How does excess heat affect an enzyme?
5. List 5 ways enzymes are used in medicine and industry.
a. __________________________________________
b. __________________________________________
c. __________________________________________
d. __________________________________________
e. __________________________________________
6. How are enzymes named.
7. Iodine tests for what type of substance?
8. What is the color of a positive Iodine test?
9. Name one substance that yields a positive Iodine test.
10. Name one substance that yields a negative Iodine test.
11. What color iodine test shows low amylase activity?
12. Explain why.
13. What color iodine test shows high amylase activity?
14. Explain why.
15. Describe the chemical composition of starch.
16. What is curd?
17. What is whey?
18. What is the role of rennin in cheese making?