Biology

Phytoremediation Report

Phytoremediation is a form of bioremediation. Some plants are better at cleaning up soils and/or water than others. In this lab please use any seeds that germinate and grow fast, making them suitable for a lab in a short timeframe. Some plants are better at photoremediation than others, but for this lab you can use anything. From my experience sunflowers grow pretty fast and grass seed took several weeks to germinate. Seeing others plants that they chose, there was a variety such as snap peas, garden beans, pinto beans, corn, green onions, marigolds, wheat, and more.

The point of this assignment is to determine what happens to plants growing with some general contaminants. This is a qualitative lab because each person will be choosing different seeds, different containers, and different contaminants.

Supplies needed:

Seeds, such as wheat seeds or grass or beans or flowers that will grow quickly. If they are wheat seeds you will need 10 per pot. If other seeds, you will have to make that judgement.

15 containers for seed, such as paper cups, plastic cups, or small clay pots. Â Make a cut for drainage, if needed.

A tray to contain your pots is optional but recommended. I use a box.

• Soil.

• Water.

• Access to sunlight.

• Marker for labeling

3 common contaminants, such as table or rock salt, isopropyl alchohol, hand cleaner with triclosan, automatic dishwashing detergent with phosphorus, motor oil, deicer, degreaser, or any other readily available household contaminants.

Prepare your 15 similar containers with soil. Ensure you have small openings at bottom of containers for drainage. Plant 10 wheat (or other) seeds in each container.

Label your containers with A-Control, A1, A2, A3, A4, B-Control, B1, B2, B3, B4, C-Control, C1, C2, C3, and C4. Obviously you have 3 controls, but to stay with the scientific method, each group of containers would have its own control.

After your plants have sprouted and are growing well: Add no contaminants to your control. Add a small measured amount of Contaminant A to A1, A2, A3, and A4. You can choose a slight amount of contaminant to add to A1, and increase the contaminant slightly for each A2, slightly more for A3, and slightly more for A4. Similarly, add Contaminant B to containers B1, B2, B3, B4, and add Contaminant C to containers C1, C2, C3, and C4.

Be sure to record what you planted and what contaminant and how much contaminant was added to each container.

Take notes and take at least one photo per week with your name and date for 4 weeks in each photo.

This is your formal paper. Your lab report which will be in APA style should consist of:

• Introduction with hypothesis, and answer to the following:
• Please name an environmental law and describe how it pertains to this topic. Also, discuss the role of government, a private entity such as a consultant, or an environmental advocacy group.
• Materials and methods
• Results and photos and a table or graph
• Discussion
• Conclusions
• At least 2 references from the School library with the library URL. For example, and it is okay to use this is you mention page numbers used:
Golubev, I. A. (2011). Handbook of Phytoremediation. New York: Nova Science Publishers, Inc. Retrieved from

*** Use the 3 pdfs attached with the name of “Reference requirement use” in context other than your other supportive references. These attachments are from the school library so that requirement will be checked off once used.

**** I will be attaching my data (Materials used, methods, progress photographs) from my lab experiment to plug in to your report.

__________________

Rubric

Introduction including background from two school library citations. Intro also states hypothesis. Intro list one environmental law related to the project gives and example of a role from government, private group such as an industry or consultant, or an environmental advocacy entity. 2 point

Materials and methods. 1 point

Results. Photos with your name and date in photos and table or graph. 2.5 points The photos are important so that each student can prove they completed the lab.

Discussion. 1 points

Conclusions. 0.5 point

Two APA references from the school library. 2 points

Total 9 points.

1. Whether the virus is a DNA or an RNA virus 2. The family and genus of the virus-you can find DNA/RNA, family and genus for most viruses in the big table in chapter 6. Please look here FIRST, because it will be most accurate. Please don’t jump straight to google for this.3. How the virus is transmitted 4. Signs and Symptoms of the virus 5. Complications of the virus-this is the most important part of the assignment. You may find viruses with symptoms like “fatigue, body aches” and think “Oh that’s not too bad”, but if death is a complication, it can be bad. 6. How the virus is either treated or prevented 7. Any other unique or helpful information about your virus Please cite your source using APA format (no need for in-text citations, just a reference list at the end of the post). Some of the best sources would be table 6.2 in your textbook, the CDC, and the WHO. Please make sure not to copy and paste. Try to put the info in your own words when possible. If you must use the direct words of the site, remember that it must be in quotes (but try to avoid quotes when possible).

Review the basic principles of energy metabolism (Lectures on Glycolysis, Krebs Cycle, and Electron Transport Chain), and review ch 7+8 on the effects of exercise on energy metabolism and weight management. Then, respond to the following question:1. In 6-10 sentences, explain to an endurance athlete with a background in nutrition why he/she has higher carbohydrate needs compared to the average person.  Use vocabulary from ch 1 and 7 in your response, and write to the athlete as if he/she has taken a biochemistry class. Make sure to discuss metabolic pathways including glycolysis, Krebs cycle, and electron transport chain in your response, as well as specific ways exercise, affects these pathways.

Learning Outcomes:a. compare primary types of mobile communications and how they are implemented on different platforms;b. review how mobile communications agencies function and the effectiveness of their business models. Description: Part 1: Prepare a written research report comparing and contrasting two forms of mobile communications (mobile banners, mobile text, YouTube videos, Facebook ads/posts, Instagram posts, SnapChat stories, etc) and how each of these are implemented on at least two different platforms (smartphones, tablets, web-based, desktop, etc).The comparison should include the strengths, weaknesses, target audience, effectivity, and remuneration models for each of the two mobile communication forms selected. Length: 1000 words

Chapter 15 Review Questions1.What is innate immunity?2.What is species resistance?3.What are the first lines of defense?4.How does the skin act in immunity? (hint: structure and secretions)5.How do mucous membranes act in immunity?6.How does the lacrimal apparatus act in immunity?7.What is microbial antagonism? Why is it beneficial?8.When does the second line of defense act?9.What are the formed elements?10.What are granulocytes? What are the 3 types?11.What are agranulocytes? What are the 2 types?12.What is the benefit of a differential white blood cell count?13.What is phagocytosis?14.What is the function of eosinophils?15.What is the function of NK lymphocytes?16.What is the function of neutrophils?17.What cells undergo nonphagocytic killing? How do they do this?18.What are toll-like receptors?19.How do interferons aid in the immune system? How do alpha and beta interferons work?20.What is tetherin and how does it play a role in immunity?21.What is complement? What does complement activation lead to?22.How is complement activated?23.How does the classical pathway activate? Alternative pathway?24.What protein does the classical and alternative pathway converge on?25.What does C3a do? C3b?26.What is inflammation? What is acute inflammation?27.What is the function of basophils and mast cells? Where are these cells found?28.What molecule is the primaryinflammatory signal? How is it released?29.Why is increased vascular permeability beneficial?30.What is fever? How is it activated?31.Why is fever beneficial?Chapter 16 Review Questions1.What are the attributes of adaptive immunity?2.What are the 2 types of adaptive immune responses? What cells mediate the 2 responses?3.How does the lymphatic system aid in immunity?4.What is an antigen? What is an exogenous antigen? Endogenous? Autoantigen?5.What is the major function of B cells?6.What is the BCR? What are the characteristics of a BCR?7.What is an antibody? What are they identical to?8.What functions do antibodies do? Explain each function.9.What is an important characteristic of IgM? IgG? IgA? IgE?10.Where are B and T cells typically found?11.What do T cells act primarily against?12.What are the differences between a BCR and a TCR?13.What do cytotoxic T cells do? Helper T cells? Regulatory T cells?14.What membrane proteins are on Tc cells? TH cells? B cells?15.What is the function of CD4? CD8?16.What is the importance of Helper T cells?17.What is clonal deletion?18.What are cytokines?19.What is the purpose of interleukins?20.What is the purpose of chemokines?21.What is the importance of major histocompatibility complex proteins (MHC)?22.What type of antigen is found on MHC I? How are these antigens processed?23.What type of antigen is found on MHC II? How are these antigens processed?24.How are TH cells activated?25.How are Tc cells activated?26.What is the double requirement of T cell activation?27.How do cytotoxic T cells kill cells?28.What are memory T cells? What is their importance?29.Is T cell activation regulated? Explain30.When is humoral immune response activated?31.What are the 2 types of humoral immune responses?32.What happens if a B cell binds an antigen with repeating subunits?33.How do TH activate B cells?34.What are plasma cells? What do they secrete?35.What are memory B cells? What is their importance?36.How is a primary response different from a secondary response?37.What are the types of acquired immunity? Explain all 4 and know examples.38.What is immune privilege? Where are the immunologically privileged sites?39.Why is it ideal to have these sites privileged?

3 biology PowerPoint every 6-15 slides each one slide must include 5 multiple choice questions You will also notice that  PowerPoints are missing for, # 8, #10, and #12.  This will become one of your  2 assignments!   You will compose the  PPTs that you think are needed for 8,10,12. So if you work through  TOXTUTOR…….you  should very  comfortably be able to put together what YOU  think would be the PPT  necessary to teach the material in each of those 3 sections. I  would expect  PPTs to be anywhere from  6-15 slides, depending upon the significance of the material presented by TOXTUTOR.  Also, include one slide with  5  multiple-choice questions ( with an indication of the correct answer ) which you feel appropriate for each of those 4 sections.  THIS  WILL BE  Assignment #1     I   suggest  that  you  get  through  this material  and construct  the PPTs with  quiz  chapter 8………..https://toxtutor.nlm.nih.gov/08-000.htmlchapter 10……….https://toxtutor.nlm.nih.gov/10-000.htmlchapter 12……….https://toxtutor.nlm.nih.gov/12-000.html

It was briefly mentioned that habits, good or bad, learned early in life around food may continue into adulthood. Eating and mealtimes are important in the home environment, and also affect our values related to food, practices, preferences, and more. Reflect on these topics that were covered this week and your own habits, preferences, behaviors around food as an adult. How do you think that these current habits, preferences, values, etc have been shaped by your own childhood OR marketing? Reflection: Childhood behaviors and their influences on current food behavior submit a 1-page (double spaced) thoughtful reflection on how these factors have affected your dietary behaviors.

Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence from which the protein will be made (make sure to include all the steps and enzyme (s) involved in the process as well as the location at which each. Transcribe and translate the following DNA sequence from which the protein will be made (make sure to include all the steps and enzyme (s) involved in the process as well as the location at which each step is completed): 5’-AAGTTAATGAGAAATCGACATGGGGCGCCGAAAGTATAACCGTCTTAGAATAGC-3’

Discussion Board 2: Genetics/Evolution For each board, please choose one question to complete the main post. The main post must be AT LEAST 300 words. The post must be related to one of the topics presented. Discussion Board 2: Genetics/Evolution. For each board, please choose one question to complete the main post. The main post must be AT LEAST 300 words. The post must be related to one of the topics presented by your instruction found below. Please make sure that all of the information that you use to complete your post is from your textbook. If you choose to use sources outside your book you are required to cite and reference in APA format. Discussion topics can be updated periodically.1. There were several pre-Darwin explanations of evolution. Choose one from your book and compare them to the accepted Darwin theory of Natural selection.2. Choose any genetic disorder from your book. Discuss the cause (ex: insertion, deletion, inversion, translocation, or whole chromosome issue), signs, symptoms, and degrees of the disease.3. Choose a trait that goes beyond Mendel’s one trait inheritance. Discuss the inheritance (ex. Incomplete dominance, multiple alleles, polygenic, pleiotrophy, linkage, environmental influences), the different phenotypes, or anything else that deviates from simple genetics.

PowerPoint Presentation: Biology and Technology in the Real World  (100 points)Course Outcomes Addressed:recognize and explain how the scientific method is used to solve problemsmake observations and discriminate between scientific and pseudoscientific explanationsweigh evidence and make decisions based on strengths and limitations of scientific knowledge and the scientific methoduse knowledge of biological principles, the scientific method, and appropriate technologies to ask relevant questions, develop hypotheses, design and conduct experiments, interpret results, and draw conclusionsSelect one of the five topics below.Genetically modified food. Your daughter comes home from school a little perplexed.  In her home economics class, her teacher informed her that you have probably been feeding her genetically modified foods.  She did not fully understand what was meant by genetically modified food.  In an attempt to help her better understand, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:   1) Explain the purpose of genetically engineering crop plants.  2) Explain how genetically modified foods are created, using the central dogma of molecular biology in your explanation.   3) Name a variety of foods in your supermarket which are or contain genetically modified foods.  4) Explain whether genetically modified foods are safe for human consumption.  Support your answer.   5) List the types of regulations that exist for genetically modified foods. Support your answer.    6) Conclude with your opinion on whether genetically modified food should continue to be produced and consumed, based on information backed by reliable sourcesFor help, you might search the Food and Drug Administration website.Stem cells. Your friend suffered a spinal cord injury after a devastating car accident. The medical team has decided that your friend is a good candidate for a clinical trial using stem cell therapy.  Your friend has not taken a biology course since high school, so he asks you about stem cells.  In order to help your friend make an informed decision about whether to enter the trial for stem cell therapy, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Describe the biology of stem cells.   2) Describe how stem cells are unique from other cells.  3) Contrast the different types of stem cells.    4) List the pros and cons for each type of stem cell.   5) Explain how stems cells can be used to treat spinal cord injuries, including information from at least one research study or clinical trial.   6) Conclude with your opinion on whether your friend should enlist in the clinical trial based on information backed by reliable sources The following website from NIH regarding stem cell research will be very helpful: http://stemcells.nih.gov/index.aspFracking (hydraulic fracturing) and tar sands (oil sands). With society’s dependence on nonrenewable fossil fuels, the oil and gas industry is turning more to the use of hydraulic fracturing and tar sands to extract natural gas and oil. Because you are such a conscientious biology student, a friend asks you, “What’s all this controversy in the news about fracking and tar sands?” Showcasing your knowledge on the topic, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Explain the process of hydraulic fracturing.   2) Explain the process of tar sands extractions.    3) Describe the environmental issues* that may result from hydraulic fracturing.   4) Describe the environmental issues* that may result from tar (oil) sands.        *Environmental issues that should be addressed involve water, air and soil pollution, with a special focus on global climate change; effects on human health; effects on other species and natural ecosystems.   5)  Explain why the environmental issues are controversial.    6) Conclude with your opinions on possible solutions to these environmental issues, with your solutions backed you information from reliable sources The following websites from EPA may be helpful: http://www2.epa.gov/hydraulicfracturing Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats (CRISPR) has been the most recent breakthrough discovery in bioengineering that enables scientists to edit DNA. Because you have studied biology in this course, you have volunteered at your niece’s Middle School Science Club to monitor a student debate about CRISPR. The students will be watching the following video before the discussion: https://www.com/watch?time_continue=252&v=2pp17E4E-O8 .  In order to further educate them on the CRISPR process, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Explain what “CRISPR” is.   2) Explain the role that Cas9 plays in the CRISPR process.   3) Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system snips and replaces any DNA sequence.   4) Explain how the CRISPR-Cas9 system differs from other gene editing tools.  5) List the potential benefits and drawbacks of gene editing. Include specific examples.  6) Conclude with your opinion on whether the inherent risks of modifying animal DNA is worth the reward, with your reasoning backed by information from reliable sources. Vaccines. Your friend is worried about the many vaccines that his newborn son is scheduled to receive and asks you for advice since you are taking a biology course. In order to help him make an informed decision about whether to allow his son to be vaccinated, you prepare a PowerPoint presentation in which you:  1) Explain how vaccines work.  2) Briefly contrast the traditional methods used to create vaccines with more recently used biotechnology techniques.  3) List some of the diseases that babies and children in the USA are routinely vaccinated against.   4) Share how vaccinations have impacted the frequency of these diseases over the past 100 years.   5) List reasons why people are worried about allowing their children to be vaccinated, including any scientific evidence to support these concerns.  6) Conclude with advice to your friend regarding vaccinating his son, based on what you learned from reliable information sources. Find at least five articles related to one of the topics chosen from above (You can find assistance with searching for articles at the UMUC Library Subject Guides at http://libguides.umuc.edu/science), and then create a PowerPoint presentation according to the following criteria: Presentation Format (20 points) Presentation label (1.5): Label your presentation with your first and last name and your chosen topic (GM Foods, Stem Cells, Fracking/Tar Sands, CRISPR, or Vaccines).  For example:  Regina Miller – CRISPR;Title slide (2.5): presentation title, name, course, instructor, due data Presentation information slides (10): exactly 10 slides, not including title slide and reference slide(s); Presentation font (3):  use 30-point font for ALL type on slides (except for references which are 10-point: see below)Presentation creativity (3):  style, colors, and graphics will be consideredPresentation Content (60 points) Presentation Introduction (Slides 1 & 2): Purpose (5):  state the purpose of the presentation according to the topic chosen including the scenario provided for your topic;  Background: (5) Provide a brief background on the topic chosenPresentation Responses (Slides 3-10) Questions &. Support (40): respond to each of the five questions for the topic chosen supporting each with facts from reliable resource; Conclusion (10): Express personal conclusions based on facts from reliable resourcesPresentation Grammar (5) – spelling, capitalization, punctuation, and sentence structurePresentation References (15 Points) see https://www.umuc.edu/library/libhow/apa_tutorial.cfmReferences number – (10) Use at least 5 different references ** DO NOT USE WIKIPEDIA AS A REFERENCE **       Slide references (2.5): use 10-point font in bottom right-hand corner of slides                   End references (2.5): use APA-formatting