Biology

There are several processes that take place from the moment food enters our mouths until it is completely digested and used for energy. Using approximately 400-500 words, describe the mechanical and chemical digestive process of eating a chicken sandwich. What roles do the pancreas, gallbladder, and liver play? Where is your body deriving its energy from? Include at least two scholarly references (using APA formatting and style) to guide your answers.

Microbiology Read the following blog and article: https://astrobiology.nasa.gov/news/the-three-domains-of-life/ https://www.nature.com/scitable/topicpage/the-two-empires-and-three-domains-of-14432998/ Answer the following questions in 1–2 double-spaced pages following APA (7th ed.) format. How did the classification of a microorganism change from kingdoms to domains of life? How do cell types (prokaryotes and eukaryotes) fit in the kingdom/domain classification systems? Why don’t we classify viruses the same as living organisms? What are the evolutionary relationships between the two empires and the three domains? Please use intext citation question and answer format but double spaced

Please note I have uploaded the Chapter 3 reading which will be one cite.  After reading Chapter 3, select one classification of chemical agent (nerve, blister, blood or choking) for further study. For example, you may choose the blister agent Distilled Mustard (HD) or you may choose the nerve agent Sarin (GB), among many other choices from your research. Write a brief synopsis of the agent’s properties and effects. Then discuss the use of the agent, either in past conflicts or a potential use by a terrorist group. You must cite at least 2 sources for this review.

Explain how two crawfish have different traits from their parents and how did the gene combinations give them this as a result

No word limit, one line sentences are ok. No sources needed. No cover needed.  Just answer the following questions. There are many avenues to testing your ancestry through DNA Kits. Find a website that offers the testing and answer the following question. 1)      Which DNA testing site did you research? 2)      What is the process to submitting your DNA and how long until you hear back? 3)      Does the company address the privacy and protection of the DNA submitted? What does it say?  4)      Are there any medical tests done on the DNA supplied or just lineage? 5)      Is there any indication as to how many DNA markers they use to trace your ancestry? 6)      Do they look at Y-chromosome, mitochondrial DNA and/or autosomal chromosomes? 7)      How far back does the kit trace (in years)?  8)      What ethnic regions are covered by the test? 9)      Does the site offer further resources to contacting relatives that were discovered during the testing? 10)   If you have submitted a kit before tell me about your results and what surprised you? (I have never submitted one)

Myasthenia Gravis  Mandy VanBibber posted Dec 16, 2020 1:44 AM  Subscribe Previous   Next   This page automatically marks posts as read as you scroll. Adjust automatic marking as read setting A 30 year old female presents with muscle weakness and fatigue. Abnormal electromyography testing and a positive increase in ACTH receptor test is reported. Her final diagnosis is Myasthenia Gravis. Myasthenia gravis is a type of autoimmune disorder.  Antibodies are proteins made by the body’s immune system when it finds harmful substances.  Antibodies in this case is produce when the immune system mistakes healthy tissues to be a harmful substance.   In people with myasthenia gravis, the body produces antibodies that block the muscle cells from receiving the neurotransmitters from the nerve cells.  Myasthenia gravis can affect people at any age but is most common in young women and older men (Myasthenia gravis, 2019).   Describe the normal synaptic transmission at the Neuromuscular Junction (NMJ). Neuromuscular transmission depends on the blend, storage, and release of acetylcholine from the presynaptic motor nerve ending at the neuromuscular junction, binding of acetylcholine to nicotinic receptors on the postsynaptic region of the muscle cell membrane, with simultaneously generating of the action potential and rapid influx of acetylcholine by the acetylcholinesterase enzyme present in the synaptic cleft (Naguib, 2007).             2.  Why is the ACTH level increased? If adrenal glands are healthy and functioning normally, cortisol level will rise in response to ACTH you are given in the ACTH receptor test.  This test was done to rule out primary adrenal insufficiency (Montes-Villarreal, 2020)   Explain why the patient with myasthenia gravis cannot generate consistent action potentials in the muscle fiber.    Acetylcholine receptor antibodies bind to the acetylcholine receptors and block many of the receptors, so the action or activity of this acetylcholine neurotransmitter results in a reduced movement of the voluntary muscle (Myasthenia gravis, 2019).   Treatment for the patient involves pyridostigmine—what does this drug do and how would it benefit our patient? Pyridostigmine inhibits acetylcholinesterase in the synaptic cleft by competing with acetylcholine for attachment to acetylcholinesterase and slows down the hydrolysis of the acetylcholine effectively increasing the efficiency of the cholinergic transmission in the neuromuscular junction, prolonging the effects of acetylcholine (Apinyawasisuk, Chongpison, Thitisaksakul, & Jariyakosol,2020).   Reference Apinyawasisuk, S., Chongpison, Y., Thitisaksakul, C., & Jariyakosol, S. (2020). Factors Affecting Generalization of Ocular Myasthenia Gravis in Patients With Positive Acetylcholine Receptor Antibody. American Journal of Ophthalmology, 209, 10-17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ajo.2019.09.019   Montes-Villarreal, J., Perez-Arredondo, L., Rodriguez-Gutierrez, R., Alejandro Diaz Gonzalez-Colmenero, Solis, R. C., González-González, J. G., & Mancillas-Adame, L. (2020). SERUM MORNING CORTISOL AS A SCREENING TEST FOR ADRENAL INSUFFICIENCY. Endocrine Practice, 26(1), 30-35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4158/EP-2019-0327   Myasthenia gravis (2019). Johns Creek: Ebix Inc. Retrieved from https://search.proquest.com/other-sources/myasthenia-gravis/docview/2085179337/se-2?accountid=100141 Naguib, M., W.B. Saunders, (2007). Complications in Anesthesia (Second Edition),Chapter 116 – Myasthenic Disorders, pages 448-449, (http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/B9781416022152501216)

Cellular respiration and photosynthesis form a critical cycle of energy and matter that supports the continued existence of life on earth. In a 2-3 page Word document, describe the stages of cellular respiration and photosynthesis and their interaction and interdependence including raw materials, products, and amount of ATP or glucose produced during each phase. How is each linked to specific organelles within the eukaryotic cell? What has been the importance and significance of these processes and their cyclic interaction to the evolution and diversity of life?

What are the differences among renewable, nonrenewable, and inexhaustible resources

Read and answer the following questions. Parasites and the treatment of asthma and allergic diseases.  A) Describe three different mechanisms, from mouse, human or in vitro studies, of how helminths can influence the severity or outcome of allergic airway inflammation (AAI). See the Bohnacker et al. review (Frontiers in Immunology, 2020).  B) From the Blank et al. paper (PLoS ONE, 2018), explain the strategy, or rationale, for their experiments targeting rheumatoid arthritis in a mouse model. Be sure to define CIA, TPC, and neuropilin-1.  C) In the data presented in the figures, 1 through 3, interpret the results for each of the three figures and how the differences between PBS, T, PC, PPC, and untreated controls, support their findings.

Pick a biome and ecosystem and create a 500-700 word essay addressing the following: Refer to the infographic provided and chose a biome to describe with an example ecosystem.  Provide one example of a keystone species found in the biome/ecosystem.  Why is this keystone species important to the biome/ecosystem?  What defines it as a keystone species? Provide an example of an invasive species found in the biome/ecosystem.  What are some of the negative impacts this invasive species has on the ecosystem?  What is being done to mitigate impacts? Provide one example of an endangered species found in the biome/ecosystem.  Briefly discuss the causes of the decline in the species and what is being done to help.    Please include at least 3 academic sources and make sure all sources are cited in your essay.  Prepare this assignment according to the guidelines found in the APA Style Guide, located in the Student Success Center. This assignment uses a rubric. Please review the rubric prior to beginning the assignment to become familiar with the expectations for successful completion.