Biology

Explain one paragraph (in your own words what are the following disease). NO COPY PASTE, I will submit it through turn it in for copyright. also, add your reference for each disease.What is it, which amino acid is not working, is it an (enzyme not working if so which enzyme), can the patient live with this disease, what are some of the clinical presentation patients will present, is there any treatment for these type of patient.HomocystinuriaPhenylketonuria (PKU) and Maternal PKUMaple Syrup DiseaseAlkaptonuriaHomocystinuriaCystinuriaTyrosinemia

ATP (adenosine triphosphate) has been called the energy currency of the cell. Briefly outline the cycle by which energy is stored in and released from ATP. Discuss how ATP is critically important to cellular chemical processes. Enzymes are protein materials that control chemical processes. Describe the specific mechanisms of enzyme function. Pick a specific enzyme and describe its function and the importance of that function to life. Discuss how the loss of that enzyme would disrupt living processes. Make sure your explanation of enzymes is informed by the textbook.

Please answer each question in 1-2 pages of double-spaced prose. Be sure to reference relevant class readings in your answer. No bibliography required, but I do want in-text citations.   1. What is social reproduction, and how does this topic pull together many different ideas we’ve discussed around race, class, and gender? 2. Write about an instance of “white fragility” you’ve experienced. This could be your own experience as a white person or as a person of color. (By the way, i am an Asian, china) What happened? How might you have acted differently, if at all, based on what you’ve learned in this class?

Define and explain macro- and micro- evolution. Use evidence to discuss and defend several mechanisms of evolution. Distinguish between homeostatic and evolutionary adaptations. Describe the evolution of life on earth and include a description of unicellular, multicellular, plant and animal evolution.  Give examples of evolution in the form/function relationship in some of the adaptations of the animal circulatory, respiratory, and nervous and immune systems. Describe how a phylogenetic tree could be constructed with all living organisms in the tree.

Instructions: Choose 4 topics from category A and 2 from category B. You must answer all parts of the question in order to receive full credit. Responses are expected to be about .5 – 1 page typed, single spaced, font size 12, times new roman font. Your grade will be determined by the quality of your response and how you support your answer. If you reference sources outside of the book, please simply list them at the end of the response. DO NOT PLAGERIZE. No copy and pasting, even in quotes. Everything must be in your own words and not just simply reworded from another text. Category A- Topics covered in class: Choose 4 of the following topics to answer. Explain cell theory. What are some current hypotheses of how the first cell could have come into existence? What is the evidence that supports these hypotheses? Describe ionic, covalent, and hydrogen bonds. Explain how the cell uses bonds to store energy and perform metabolic processes Explain the process of transcription and translation. Explain why the “RNA world” hypothesis is a plausible explanation of how genetic information was stored, replicated, and expressed before DNA, protein, and RNA were used. Many deadly genetic diseases exist in the human population. If these diseases are fatal, how do they still persist in the population? What can a person do to determine if they carry these genes? Explain the specific differences between Mitosis and Meiosis. Explain one disease that occurs when an error happens in each type of cell replication (2 diseases total). Can GMO or selective breading lead to the creation of new species? Explain. Category B- Exploratory topics: Choose 2 of the following topics to answer. Discuss any major outbreak of disease from the recent or distant past. Describe the pathogen that caused it and explain why this pathogen is, or is not, still a threat to humans. Choose any living species. Describe its lifecycle and explain its evolutionary history. We, as humans, are now able to consciously impact our own evolution. Is this good or bad? Why? Write about any one topic related to Biology. Please make it interesting.

Explain how this difference between the male and female described by your peer could affect disease processes associated with that organ system. Give examples of diseases that result from these differences. Try to select examples that are unique from those already described by other classmates. Discuss any advantageous reasons to having this difference that your peer described.

Is the perfect baby perfect? Ethics and genetic modification:  With the advancement of medicine, the challenge for man is not to procreate but rather to create the perfect offspring. Thanks to modern technology humans can now genetically modify their babies in-vitro, but is this ethically justifiable, by modifying this baby would it not also influence its learning of virtue? Is an engineered baby morally justified or not justified by the natural deontology of life as we know it? Let’s explore this using different ethical theories (Deontology-Utilitarian-Virtue) watch the Human Condition on Netflix https://www.pharmaceutical-technology.com/comment/genetically-modified-babies-debate/ https://www.bbc.com/news/uk-scotland-tayside-central-50460721 https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/28885275/ https://www.heritage.org/marriage-and-family/commentary/just-because-we-can-create-genetically-modified-babies-doesnt-mean https://www.dw.com/en/genetically-edited-babies-an-ethical-transgression/a-51836243

This week we will investigate the importance of plants in our everyday lives – in ways other than just for oxygen. Photosynthesis is arguably one of the most important processes on Earth – essentially all life depends on it. Humans and other animals depend on plants to capture the energy of the sun and use that energy to manufacture carbohydrates – subsequently releasing the oxygen that we breathe. But plants are vital to our lives in other ways as well. Think about the pencil you write with (or used to), the toothpick you used last night, the cotton T-shirt you wore today or the maple syrup you had on your pancakes this morning. These all came from plants! Ethnobotany is the study of the relationship between plants and people – plants used for practical, ceremonial, spiritual, medicinal, decorative, edible, etc. purposes. You are to find a plant product that we use every day, and do not pick one that your classmates have already chosen. Make sure to include the product name in the title of your discussion post so that others can quickly see what you have chosen. Do some research and address the following: From what plant does your product come? Include the common and scientific name (properly formatted). What is the product? What does it do? How do we extract it from the plant. Describe in detail. What is the primary use: medicinal, ceremonial, etc.? Are there commercial fields for the plant? Where? Are there any substitutes for your product? If there is no information, feel free to take an educated guess and support it. What is the most fascinating thing you learned about your product? Follow the discussion grading criteria, guidelines and instructions for posting and replying to peers. For More Information: Missouri Botanical Garden: http://www.missouribotanicalgarden.org/plant-conservation/plant-conservation/conservation-in-action/plants-and-people.aspx New York Botanical Garden: https://www.nybg.org/plant-research-and-conservation/explore/plants-and-people/ TEDX Video: https://youtu.be/st4K_RYw16E 9 21 Unread for topic W6: Plants and People: (21) View profile card for Jarvis Johnson

Let’s discuss gene expression, using the human beta-globin (HBB) gene as an example. Recall that beta-globin is one of the polypeptide subunits of hemoglobin, the protein that carries oxygen in red blood cells. Some additional information can be found in your Molecular Genetics lab and here: https://ghr.nlm.nih.gov/gene/HBB# Imagine that you are a wild-type (HbA) allele of the HBB gene located on human chromosome 11. Writing from the first person perspective, how is the beta-globin polypeptide produced from your gene? In your response, be sure to describe the three main processes involved in eukaryotic gene expression: transcription, RNA processing, and translation. Conclude by discussing the mutation in the beta-globin gene that results in sickle cell anemia.

M5 Written Assignment – Comparative Genomics This assignment consists of one question. Your response should be one or two pages long. Be sure to cite any and all sources correctly so that your academic integrity is not called into question. Copy the following question, add your answer, and submit below in one attached document. 1. a. So far in this course we have concentrated on the importance of the study of the human genome. Why is it important to human health research for scientists to sequence the genomes of other species? Read the following fact sheet: Comparative Genomics Fact Sheet b. Find an article that reports on research into a genetic behavioral disorder in which the genome of another species was used in attempts to determine the location and nature of the mutation. Be sure to include the following: Summarize the article, including a clear explanation of the research. Explain why the researchers chose to study the genome of this species. What technique(s) did the researchers use to attempt to correlate behavior of the animals to a specific region of their genome? For assistance with issues such as library resources, citing sources, plagiarism, tutoring, writing assistance, etc., browse the links that appear when you click on the tabs across the top banner of the course page to find further information. NOTE: Your essay answers to these questions MUST be in your own words. Do not copy/paste any text into your answers unless you are including a properly cited brief direct quotation. I am looking for your own explanations—this is your opportunity to demonstrate what you know about these topics. The best approach will be to pretend you are explaining things to someone you are tutoring. https://www.genome.gov/about-genomics/fact-sheets/Comparative-Genomics-Fact-Sheet