Chemistry

POLICY HIGHLIGHTSPharmaceutical Residues in FreshwaterHazards and Policy ResponsesPharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater Hazards and Policy Responses“A combination of promoting hygiene practices to reduce the incidence of infection and disease, encouraging sustainable pharmaceutical design andproduction, spreading awareness of responsible pharmaceutical use anddisposal, and improving environmental monitoring and risk assessmentof pharmaceuticals, are critical steps to achieving the dual sustainabledevelopment goals of improving health and protecting the environment.”Rodolfo LacyDirector of the Environment Directorate, OECDPO LICY H IGH LIGH TSOECD POLICY HIGHLIGHTS Pharmaceutical residues in freshwater: Hazards and policy responses . 1The OECD (2019) report Pharmaceutical Residues in Freshwater: Hazards and Policy Responses calls for a better understanding of the effects of pharmaceutical residues in the environment, greater international collaboration and accountability distribution, and policy actions to prevent and remedy emerging concerns. Laboratory and field tests show traces of oral contraceptives causing the feminisation of fish and amphibians, and residues of psychiatric drugs altering fish behaviour. Antimicrobial resistance, linked to the overuse of antibiotics, has rapidly escalated into a global health crisis.Unless adequate measures are taken to manage the risks, pharmaceutical residues will increasingly be released into the environment as ageing populations, advances in healthcare, and intensification of meat and fish production spur the demand for pharmaceuticals worldwide. The report outlines a collective, life-cycle approach to managing pharmaceuticals in the environment. A policy mix of source-directed, use-orientated and end-of-pipe measures, involving several policy sectors, can help to improve health and protect the environment.Pharmaceuticals are an important element of medical and veterinary practice, and their beneficial effects on human and animal health, food production and economic welfare are widely acknowledged. However, an area where we lack a common understanding is what happens when these pharmaceuticals are constantly discharged into the environment, through pharmaceutical manufacturing, consumption and excretion, and improper disposal of unused or expired products.

Directions:The report must be based on information you gather and summarize. Do not cut and paste any information into the reportThe report must have a Cover page that includes the Title and your name and the name of the rare earth element you choose for your report.The report must be at least three full pages using double line spacing, 1 inch margins, Times New Roman font, and 12 pitch font size.The report must address each of these topics:List the rare earth elements.Discuss in general where are the minerals are found that contain the rare earth elements.Describe in general the products in which rare earth elements are used.Discuss in general any concerns involving rare earth elements such as environmental, political, safety, or availability.Choose one rare earth element and describe it fully (when discovered, where it is found, cost of the material, and where it is used.List the sources of your information (web sites, books, etc).

Chemistry Due tomorrow at 10:00pm. If you are not good in chemistry don’t waist your time and my money. Thank you for your help.1) Your styrofoam cup weighs 6 grams. You put some water in it, and the partly filled cup now weighs 91 grams. The water’s temperature is 18°C. A large glass marble that weighs 35 grams is moved from boiling water and added to the water in the cup. Soon the water in the cup is 47°C. What is the relative head capacity of the glass (marble)?2) IF Heat Capacity is a function of the overall mass of the items moved from the boiling water into the cup, then design a simple experiment to show that this is the case.3) IF the case in #2 is true, then what would a graph of Rel. Heat Cap. vs Atomic Weight look like? (Either draw such a graph or describe it.)4) IF Heat Capacity were not a function of mass of the items moved from the boiling water into the cup, then what would a graph of Rel. Heat Cap versus Atomic Weight look like IF higher atomic weights had higher heat capacities? (Either draw such a graph or describe it.)

The order of the report sections should be title, abstract, introduction, experimental, results, sample calculations (if needed), discussion, conclusion, bibliography, and attachment (if needed). Formal reports must be typed including the results section and data tables. See Lab Report section at the end of each experiment in the lab manual for specific requirements.

Part I: pH change of an unbuffered solution 1.Load http://chemcollective.org/vlab/1022.Add a 250 mL beaker to your workspacefrom the stockroom.3.Add 10 mL of the protein solution.  (To add something to a beaker drag the solution on top of it until the prompt appears.)Then add 90 ml of water to the solution.Record the pH:_____________________(you find the pH by clicking on the beaker)4.To the same beaker under strong acids add 10 mL  0.10 M HClfrom the stockroom strong acid solutions. Record the pH: _____________________ (you find the pH by clicking on the beaker)5.What is the change in pH?_______________________________Part II: pH change of a buffered solution1.You have available the following:100.0mL of 1.0 MH2CO3 (weak acid; pKa= 6.4)100.0mL of 1.0 MNaHCO3(conjugatebase of H2CO3; but also a weak acidpKa=10.3)100.0 mL of Grey Goose Vodka100.0mL of 1.0 MNa2CO3(conjugate base of HCO3-)First, explain whichof the solutions aboveyou would useto make a 1 M Carbonate buffer at pH=6.0Next describe how much of each solution you would useto make a 1 M Carbonate buffer at pH=6.0and indicate the total volume.  Show any calculations2.Reload the Virtual lab page and create your buffer solution above.  Was your math correct? Record the pH:______________________ Acceptable ranges are +/-0.05 pH units3.Add another beaker to your workspace and add 10 mL of the protein solution. Then add 90 ml of buffer to the solution.Record the pH___________________4.To the same beaker add 10 mL  0.10 M HClfrom the stockroom strong acid solutions. Record the pH: _____________________ (you find the pH by clicking on the beaker)5.What is the change in pH?_______________________________Post lab questions1.In Part II, if instead of making a 1.00M carbonate solution, you made 0.100 M carbonate solution, how would this effect the change in pHwhen you added 0.1 M HCl to the protein buffer solution? What would be the new pH?  Show your calculations and also use the program. Compare the two results.2.If you wanted to make a buffer at pH=8.  Would carbonate be a suitable buffer?  Please explain why or why not?3.Why is it important thatbiochemistry solutions are in buffered solutions?

This week you will be in a discussion group of three students. Each student will explain and teach others how to solve one of the three problems below.  All three problems must be answered; decide among yourselves who will answer each question. You may present your lesson by typing your answer (although typing equations can be difficult), writing on a piece of paper then submitting a photo, or videotaping yourself (please provide a link to your video because it is advised not to upload large files to Canvas). Feel free to ask each other for help. You are also required to comment on both of your group members’ posts The diameter of the insulin molecule is about 2.70 nm. Convert this length to centimeters. A Prius has a gas mileage of 53 miles/gallon. How much will it cost to drive to Mammoth Lakes (547 km) when gasoline costs $3.11/gallon? How much will it cost to paint the walls of a room with the following dimensions: h=8.0 ft, l=20.0 ft, and w=15.0 ft? Approximately 172 square feet will require 1 gallon of paint. The paint you selected is $25.00 per gallon. (Ignore the space occupied by doors and windows)

Do the analysis of penicillin and beta-hemolytic strep. Describe the disease and also complications symptoms of disease beta-hemolytic strep. How it can be treated with the medication of penicillin or another way can be treated.“

Watch the following videos, and then create an infographic or brochure on one of these topics: Carbohydrates Lipids Proteins DNA RNA Videos to help with the topics: Negative and Positive Feedback (6:24) What is an Atom? (2:13) Chemical Bonds (Ionic and Covalent) (2:14) Polarity and Hydrogen Bonds (2:37) pH: Acids and Bases (1:46) Biomolecules (8:12) DNA (8:53) RNA (4:42) Cell Structure (7:21) Scientific Method (11:48) Be creative with your brochure. This is not a paper or essay. Feel free to include images, graphs, charts, or any other design element of your choosing. You can use the software of your choice to create the brochure. For example, you can complete the brochure as a PDF, a Word document, an infographic, or any other visual that works for the content of this assignment. A few examples of free software that can help you are Adobe Spark, Canva, Flipbuilder, and Lucidpress. You do not have to use any of these sites; rather, they are meant to provide you with options for creating your brochure. Be sure to include a reference list in the current APA Style of all sources used. The finished product should be converted and turned in as a PDF or Word file for grading purposes.

Explain the importance of the biological buffer systems and gas relationships in our bodies.   Background This week we will study solids, liquids, gases, and acids and bases. The gas laws play an important role in respiratory care. Titrations are important in medicine as pharmacists and anesthesiologists, to name a couple of examples, use this method to determine the amount of medicine a patient needs. A healthy individual’s fluids must maintain a certain pH in order to function properly.   Prompt Choose one of these topics (gas laws, titrations, pH levels) and provide an example of how they are used in medicine. Discuss the importance of these principles in the treatment of a patient. Some examples are carbon dioxide playing a role in maintaining pH, the kidney’s role in helping to maintain blood pH, altitude sickness, how gas laws play a part in syringes and injections and determining medication dosage through titration, to name just a few.

The goal of your Signature Assignment is to show that you can compute the properties of solutions and analyze and interpret data. You will create a PowerPoint presentation that shows the process of going through an acid/base titration like you would if you were in a physical lab. For the presentation: You will prepare a sample of an unknown acid to titrate using a known concentration of base. You will set-up a burette filled with a known concentration of base and use proper titration techniques to reach an end-point to the titration. You will then calculate the concentration of the unknown acid on your own. For Part I: Create a PowerPoint presentation (4-6 slides) that covers the lab scenario above. Include your thoughts on why understanding acid/base titration is important to your future career, and how you will use this concept as you complete your degree. Your presentation must consist of more than merely a series of bullet points to earn full credit. Use the Notes section for each slide to fully explain your answers. For Part II: Your instructor will provide guidance and examples for completing calculations for titration. This assignment should be in current APA Style with both a title slide and a reference list that includes all of the sources used. At least two scholarly sources should be used (your textbook can be one of the sources). The goal of your Signature Assignment is to show that you can compute the properties of solutions and analyze and interpret data. WHAT SHOULD I DO? You will create a PowerPoint presentation that shows the process of going through an acid/base titration like you would if you were in a physical lab. HOW MANY SLIDES? 6 HOW LONG DOES IT TAKE TO COMPLETE THE ASSIGNMENT? 4 HOURS-5 HOURS WHAT SHOULD I INCLUDE ON SLIDE 1? (10 pts) USE CONTENTS OF PAGES 149-150 OF YOUR LAB MANUAL. DO NOT COPY There are more titration examples in the textbook, and in the chapter 14 ppts and the videos that I have posted in Blog.    WHAT SHOULD I INCLUDE ON SLIDE 2?  (20 pts) USE CONTENTS OF PAGES 151-152 OF YOUR LAB MANUAL. DO NOT COPY There are more titration examples in the textbook, and in the chapter 14 ppts and the videos that I have posted in Blog.  WHAT SHOULD I INCLUDE ON SLIDE 3?  (20 pts) USE CONTENTS OF PAGE 153 OF YOUR LAB MANUAL. DO NOT COPY There are more titration examples in the textbook, and in the chapter 14 ppts and the videos that I have posted in Blog.  WHAT SHOULD I INCLUDE ON SLIDE 4?  (20 pts) CREATE A COMPLETE DATA TABLE AS SHOWN ON PAGE 156 INITIAL VOLUME 0.00 mL Final volume 16.0 mL WHAT SHOULD I INCLUDE ON SLIDE 5?  (20 pts) A detailed calculations (shown on  pages153 and 156) of Moles, molarity, mass/grams, percent(m/v) There are more titration examples in the textbook and in the chapter 14 ppts and the videos that I have posted in Blog.  WHAT SHOULD I INCLUDE ON SLIDE 6?  (10 pts) CONCLUSION