Mathematics

Unit 7: DiscussionFord’s Trucks and SUVs Offer Greater Return on InvestmentBusiness FocusFord Motor Company plans to spend $7 billion to develop more trucks and sport-utility vehicles (SUVs). The company’s CEO, Jim Hackett, is making the sizable investment in response to a rapid shift in customer tastes away from sedans toward vehicles with greater space and utility. He also supported the cash outlay because trucks and SUVs earn higher margins than sedans.As you’ll learn in Chapter 11, return on investment (ROI) is a function of margin multiplied by turnover. In Ford’s case, its trucks and SUVs offer an attractive margin and turnover. Margin is calculated as net operating income divided by sales, whereas turnover is a function of sales divided by average operating assets. Hackett also plans to reduce materials and engineering costs across the company’s vehicle lineup by $14 billion over five years.Source: Mike Colias, “Ford Shifts $7 Billion to Trucks and SUVs,” The Wall Street Journal, October 4, 2017, p.B1.Source: Garrison, R., Noreen, E., & Brewer, P. (2021). Managerial accounting (17th ed.). New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Education.DirectionsInitial PostingFord Motor Company’s CEO Jim Hackett tied financial metrics to corporate strategy. This strategic initiative/move worked to Ford’s benefit. You can read about this on Ford’s website and learn how Hackett did this in previous positions which he occupied. You can begin reading about this at Ford Motors Strategic Analysis. (Links to an external site.)Please perform more scrutiny as to how and what Hackett did. Try to discover what metrics or financial ratios were used in Hackett’s strategic initiative at Ford or other companies in which he worked. He was a master at linking metrics with corporate strategy.Next, disclose your research findings in your initial post. Include supporting information from websites to examine and illustrate the linkage of financial metrics with corporate strategy. Then please respond to the following questions:1. How does Ford Motor Company routinely use financial metrics to drive changes in corporate strategy? Provide examples of collaborating information from corporate websites to support your response.2. Differentiate which financial ratios are commonly used for continuation of corporate strategy? Which ratios are specifically used for changes in corporate strategy? Is there any differentiation for continuation vs. changing strategies and reported ratios?

According to the February 2008 Federal Trade Commission report on consumer fraud and identity theft, 23% of all complaints in 2007 were for identity theft. In that year, Alaska had 321 complaints of identity theft out of 1,432 consumer complaints (“Consumer fraud and,” 2008). Does this data provide enough evidence to show that Alaska had a lower proportion of identity theft than 23%? State the random variable, population parameter, and hypotheses.

Problem 5.1 What Is Straight in a Hyperbolic Plane?a. On a hyperbolic plane, consider the curves that run radially across each annular strip. Argue that these curves are intrinsically straight. Also, show that any two of them are asymptotic, in the sense that they converge toward each other but do not intersect.b. Find other geodesics on your physical hyperbolic surface. Use the properties of straightness (such as symmetries) you talked about in Problems 1.1, 2.1, and 4.1.c. What properties do you notice for geodesics on a hyperbolic plane? How are they the same as geodesics on the plane or spheres, and how are they different from geodesics on the plane and spheres?Hint for 5.1 a)Some of you seem to be having trouble visualizing 5.1a. This is because on the hyperbolic soccer ball model that most of you made, you can’t see the annuli. You can see the annuli on a crocheted hyperbolic plane, but so far only one person has turned in a crocheted plane. This YouTube video records the construction of an annular hyperbolic plane, which should help you visualize the asymptotic lines on the hyperbolic plane.Problem 7.1 and Problem 8.2 Due date: Feb 28th7.1The Area of a Triangle on a Spherea. The two sides of each interior angle of a triangle A on a sphere determine two congruent lunes with lune angle the same as the interior angle. ‘Show how the three pairs of lunes determined by the three interior angles, a, f, y, cover the sphere with some overlap. (What is the overlap?)Draw this on a physical sphere, as in Figure 7.2b. Find a formula for the area of a lune with lune angle 6 in terms of 6 and the (surface) area of the sphere (of radius p), which you can call Sp. Use radian measure for angles.Hint: What if <9is n? ji/2?c. Find a formula for the area of a triangle on a sphere of radius p.8.2

ScenarioYou have been hired by your regional real estate company to determine if your region’s housing prices and housing square footage are significantly different from those of the national market. The regional sales director has three questions that they want to see addressed in the report:Are housing prices in your regional market higher than the national market average?Is the square footage for homes in your region different than the average square footage for homes in the national market?For your region, what is the range of values for the 95% confidence interval of square footage for homes in your market?You are given a real estate data set that has houses listed for every county in the United States. In addition, you have been given national statistics and graphs that show the national averages for housing prices and square footage. Your job is to analyze the data, com plete the statistical analyses, and provide a report to the regional sales director. You will do so by co mpleting the Project Two Template located in the What to Submit area below.DirectionsIntroductionPurpose: What was the purpose of your analysis, and what is your approach?Define a random sample and two hypotheses (means) to analyze.Sample: Define your sample. Take a random sample of 100 observations for your region.Describe what is included in your sample (i.e., states, region, years or months).Questions and type of test: For your selected sample, define two hypothesis questions and the appropriate type of test hypothesis for each. Address the following for each hypothesis:Describe the population parameter for the variable you are analyzing.Describe your hypothesis.Describe the inference test you will use.Identify the test statistic.Level of confidence: Discuss how you will use estimation and conference intervals to help you solve the problem.1-Tailed TestHypothesis: Define your hypothesis.Define the population parameter.Write null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses.Specify your significance level.Data analysis: Analyze the data and confirm assumptions have not been violated to co mplete this hypothesis test.Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics.Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation.Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information.Check the conditions.Determine if the normal condition has been met.Determine if there are any other conditions that you should check and whether they have been met.Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations, providing the appropriate statistics and graphs.Calculate the hypothesis statistics.Determine the appropriate test statistic (t).Calculate the probability (p value).Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.Relate the p value and significance level.Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.2-Tailed TestHypotheses: Define your hypothesis.Define the population parameter.Write null and alternative hypotheses.State your significance level.Data analysis: Analyze the data and confirm assumptions have not been violated to co mplete this hypothesis test.Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics.Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation.Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information.Check the assumptions.Determine if the normal condition has been met.Determine if there are any other conditions that should be checked on and whether they have been met.Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations, providing the appropriate statistics and graphs.Calculate the hypothesis statistics.Determine the appropriate test statistic (t).Determine the probability (p value).Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.Relate the p value and significance level.Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.Comparison of the test results: See Question 3 from the Scenario section.Calculate a 95% confidence interval. Show or describe your method of calculation.Interpret a 95% confidence interval.Final ConclusionsSummarize your findings: Refer back to the Introduction section above and summarize your findings of the sample you selected.Discuss: Discuss whether you were surprised by the findings. Why or why not?

Symmetries of Parallel Transported LinesConsider two lines, r and r’, that are parallel transports of each other along a third line, l. Consider now the geometric figure that is formed by the three lines and look for the symmetries of that geometric figure.What can you say about the lines r and rl Do they intersect? If so, where? Look at the plane, spheres, and hyperbolic planes.If a transversal cuts two lines at congruent angles, are the lines, in fact parallel in the sense of not intersecting?Suggestions can be found on the book.Problem 9.1, 9.2 and 10.1 Due date is March 6thProblem 9.1 Side-Side-Side (SSS)Are two triangles congruent if the two triangles have congruent corresponding sides?SuggestionsStart investigating SSS by making two triangles coincide as much as possible, and see what happens. For example, in Figure 9.2, if we line up one pair of corresponding sides of the triangles, we have two different orientations for the other pairs of sides as depicted in Figure 9.2. Of course, it is up to you to determine if each of these orientations is actually possible, and to prove or disprove SSS. Again, symmetry can be very useful here. 6n a sphere, SSS doesn’t work for all triangles. The counterexample in Figure 9.3 shows that no matter how small the sides of the triangle are, SSS does not hold because the three sides always determine two different triangles on a sphere. Thus, it is necessary to restrict the size of more than just the sides in order for SSS to hold on a sphere. Whatever argument you used for the plane should work for suitably defined small triangles on the sphere and all triangles on a hyperbolic plane. Make sure you see what it is in your argument that doesn’t work for large triangles on a sphere.

CompetencyIn this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:Apply statistical techniques to address research problemsPerform hypothesis testing to address an authentic problemOverviewIn this project, you will apply inference methods for means to test your hypotheses about the housing sales market for a region of the United States. You will use appropriate sampling and statistical methods.ScenarioYou have been hired by your regional real estate company to determine if your region’s housing prices and housing square footage are significantly different from those of the national market. The regional sales director has three questions that they want to see addressed in the report:Are housing prices in your regional market higher than the national market average?Is the square footage for homes in your region different than the average square footage for homes in the national market?For your region, what is the range of values for the 95% confidence interval of square footage for homes in your market?You are given a real estate data set that has houses listed for every county in the United States. In addition, you have been given national statistics andgraphs that show the national averages for housing prices and square footage. Your job is to analyze the data, complete the statistical analyses, and providea reportto the regional sales director. You will do so by completing the Project Two Template located in the What to Submit area below.DirectionsIntroductionPurpose: What was the purpose of your analysis, and what is your approach?Define a random sample and two hypotheses (means) to analyze.Sample: Define your sample. Take a random sample of 100 observations for your region.Describe what is included in your sample (i.e., states, region, years or months).Questions and type of test: For your selected sample, define two hypothesis questions and the appropriate type of test hypothesis for each. Address the following for each hypothesis:Describe the population parameter for the variable you are analyzing.Describe your hypothesis in your own words.Describe the inference test you will use.Identify the test statistic.Level of confidence: Discuss how you will use estimation and conference intervals to help you solve the problem.1-Tailed TestHypothesis: Define your hypothesis.Define the population parameter.Write null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses.Specify your significance level.Data analysis: Analyze the data and confirm assumptions have not been violated to complete this hypothesis test.Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics.Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation.Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information.Check the conditions.Determine if the normal condition has been met.Determine if there are any other conditions that you should check and whether they have been met.Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations, providing the appropriate statistics and graphs.Calculate the hypothesis statistics.Determine the appropriate test statistic (t).Calculate the probability (p value).Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.Relate the p value and significance level.Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.2-Tailed TestHypotheses: Define your hypothesis.Define the population parameter.Write null and alternative hypotheses.State your significance level.Data analysis: Analyze the data and confirm assumptions have not been violated to complete this hypothesis test.Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics.Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation.Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information.Check the assumptions.Determine if the normal condition has been met.Determine if there are any other conditions that should be checked on and whether they have been met.Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations, providing the appropriate statistics and graphs.Calculate the hypothesis statistics.Determine the appropriate test statistic (t).Determine the probability (p value).Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.Relate the p value and significance level.Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.Comparison of the test results: See Question 3 from the Scenario section.Calculate a 95% confidence interval. Show or describe your method of calculation.Interpret a 95% confidence interval.Final ConclusionsSummarize your findings: Refer back to the Introduction section above and summarize your findings of the sample you selected.Discuss: Discuss whether you were surprised by the findings. Why or why not?What to SubmitTo complete this project, you must submit the following:Project Two Template: Use this template to structure your report, and submit the finished version as a Word document.

Click on the link below to open a PDF document of four graphs. View the images and write a paragraph length (5 or more sentences) analysis for each of the four graphs. Each graph’s analysis should, minimally, include the following:What makes the graph misleading? Find at least two flaws in the design of the graph and the presentation of the data within it. Look closely and try to find unique flaws in each of the graphs. Many flaws are repeated throughout the four graphs, but there are several that are unique to each. Describe in detail how the flaws mislead those who view the graphs and discuss the tactics from the Misuse of Statistics lesson that are being used.What questions do you have, or what additional information do you need about the information in the graphs to draw valid conclusions from them.What is the agenda of individual creating or presenting the information; why did they present the information in a misleading manner?Pertaining to each specific graph, how could belief of deceiving statistics such as this be bad for consumers, citizens, the United States, etc.? What groups are most damaged by this; what could happen if people believe this misleading information?misleading graphs.pdf

Topic: Categories of continuity: uniform continuity, absolute continuity, Lipschitz continuityThe written portion of this project should be around 5-7 pages (before references). Each write-up should include the following three components:1- Historical context/motivation.2- Detailed mathematical explanation.3- Discussion of how the results/ideas/concepts are used more broadly.In terms of writing style, write as though you were writing part of a textbook (directed to college students who are taking upper classes). In the “detailed mathematical explanation” make sure to explain any new notation, provide plenty of justification for the steps in the proof, and explain as best as you can the overall strategy of the proof.Please include a references section at the end.you can use the book I uploaded.please do not Plagiarism

CompetencyIn this project, you will demonstrate your mastery of the following competency:· Apply statistical techniques to address research problems.· Perform hypothesis testing to address an authentic problem.OverviewIn this project, you will apply inference methods for means to test your hypotheses about the housing sales market for a region of the United States. You will use appropriate sampling and statistical methods.ScenarioYou have been hired by your regional real estate company to determine if your region’s housing prices and housing square footage are significantly different from those of the national market. The regional sales director has three questions that they want to see addressed in the report:1. Are housing prices in your regional market higher than the national market average?2. Is the square footage for homes in your region different than the average square footage for homes in the national market?3. For your region, what is the range of values for the 95% confidence interval of square footage for homes in your market?You are given a real estate data set that has houses listed for every county in the United States. In addition, you have been given national statistics and graphs that show the national averages for housing prices and square footage. Your job is to analyze the data, complete the statistical analyses, and provide a report to the regional sales director. You will do so by completing the Project Two Template located in the What to Submit area below.DirectionsIntroduction1. Purpose: What was the purpose of your analysis, and what is your approach?a. Define a random sample and two hypotheses (means) to analyze.2. Sample: Define your sample. Take a random sample of 100 observations for your region.a. Describe what is included in your sample (i.e., states, region, years or months).3. Questions and type of test: For your selected sample, define two hypothesis questions and the appropriate type of test hypothesis for each. Address the following for each hypothesis:a. Describe the population parameter for the variable you are analyzing.b. Describe your hypothesis in your own words.c. Describe the inference test you will use.i. Identify the test statistic.4. Level of confidence: Discuss how you will use estimation and conference intervals to help you solve the problem.1-Tailed Test1. Hypothesis: Define your hypothesis.a. Define the population parameter.b. Write null (Ho) and alternative (Ha) hypotheses.c. Specify your significance level.2. Data analysis: Analyze the data and confirm assumptions have not been violated to complete this hypothesis test.a. Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics.i. Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.ii. In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation.iii. Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information.b. Check the conditions.i. Determine if the normal condition has been met.ii. Determine if there are any other conditions that you should check and whether they have been met.3. Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations, providing the appropriate statistics and graphs.a. Calculate the hypothesis statistics.i. Determine the appropriate test statistic (t).ii. Calculate the probability (p value).4. Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.a. Relate the p value and significance level.b. Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).c. Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.2-Tailed Testa. Hypotheses: Define your hypothesis.1. Define the population parameter.2. Write null and alternative hypotheses.3. State your significance level.b. Data analysis: Analyze the data and confirm assumptions have not been violated to complete this hypothesis test.b. Summarize your sample data using appropriate graphical displays and summary statistics.1. Provide at least one histogram of your sample data.1. In a table, provide summary statistics including sample size, mean, median, and standard deviation.1. Summarize your sample data, describing the center, spread, and shape in comparison to the national information.b. Check the assumptions.2. Determine if the normal condition has been met.2. Determine if there are any other conditions that should be checked on and whether they have been met.1. Hypothesis test calculations: Complete hypothesis test calculations, providing the appropriate statistics and graphs.c. Calculate the hypothesis statistics.1. Determine the appropriate test statistic (t).1. Determine the probability (p value).1. Interpretation: Interpret your hypothesis test results using the p value method to reject or not reject the null hypothesis.d. Relate the p value and significance level.d. Make the correct decision (reject or fail to reject).d. Provide a conclusion in the context of your hypothesis.1. Comparison of the test results: See Question 3 from the Scenario section.e. Calculate a 95% confidence interval. Show or describe your method of calculation.e. Interpret a 95% confidence interval.Final Conclusions1. Summarize your findings: Refer back to the Introduction section above and summarize your findings of the sample you selected.2. Discuss: Discuss whether you were surprised by the findings. Why or why not?

Homeworkweek61(11.9pg.409)ThefollowingdatarepresentsthepriceofregulargasolineatselfservicestationsinfourcountiesinNewYorkCityMay17,2014ManhattenBronxQueensBrooklynnassauSuffolk2.3392.1992.2392.1592.0992.1792.2992.1392.2392.1992.1992.1592.2392.2392.1792.3592.2592.1192.1992.1592.2992.1592.2392.1592.1992.1792.2791.9992.2392.219At the .05 level of significance, is there evidence of a difference in the mean price of gasoline in the six countiesa. State the null hypothesis, state the alternative hypothesisb. using excel, analyze the gas data using the ANOVA:single factorc. explain your results comparing the F results to Fcritical and how this determines whether we can accept or reject Ho. What is your conclusion from this analysis.2. (12.5 pg. 452) A sample of 500 shoppers was selected in a large metropolitan area to determine various information concerning consumer behavior. Among the questions asked was “Do you enjoy shopping for clothing?” the results are summarized in the following contingency tableGENDEREnjoy Shopping for ClothingMaleFemaleTotalyes136224360no10436140Total24260500a. Is there evidence of a significant difference between the proportion of males and females who enjoy shopping for clothing at the .01 level of significance? Watch the video provided to do this problem in Excel.c. What is your answer to a) if 206 males enjoyed shopping for clothingClass Work week 6 problem.xlsx Class Work week 6 problem.xlsxFebruary 21 2020, 3:33 PM