Political science

 what do we mean by the phrase”modern-day president” what are some defining features of the “modern-day president” that contribute to its uniqueness from the early days of the office of the presidency? (300 words) explain the struggle for equal rights in America specifically for black Americans. begin with the civil war amendment and then discuss two more time periods in American history/current events. your examples should be spaced at least 30 years apart. (300 words.)

Please provide an answer for the questions below using the assigned readings for Weeks 1 and 2 listed in the course syllabus. Be sure to cite course reading materials.  The minimum word count for the response is 1500 words and must not exceed 2000 words (approximately 6-8 pages – excluding cover page and references section). Provide a cover page with your name, course information, and a title, and include a references section on a separate page. The document must be double spaced with 12 point font, one inch margins, and use proper grammar/spelling.  Also, please label each question being answered (e.g., Q-1A). Please do not copy questions. Copied questions will not count towards the word count, but will count towards exceeding the maximum length. Please include at least three sources from the assigned readings among your references and make sure you incorporate these into your answers through the use of citations and concrete examples. Also, please include at least two additional sources of information from outside the course, and make sure that a least one of these is a peer reviewed journal article. Please see this link which contains information on sourcing and identifying peer reviewed journal articles: https://guides.library.oregonstate.edu/c.php?g=285842&p=1906145  You are encouraged to use additional sources of information among your references and incorporate these into your answers. These can be from the assigned course materials or from outside sources.  All work must use APA style format for citations and references. See: https://owl.purdue.edu/owl/research_and_citation/apa_style/apa_overview_and_workshop.html.Q-1A. The readings for week 1 cover the various “driving forces” of international environmental politics and policy. Please provide an overview of these driving forces including different interpretations and perspectives of the trends. Q-1B. While many scientists view the trends of these driving forces as detrimental to the environment (e.g., ozone depletion, climate change, polluted oceans, loss of biodiversity, etc.), other observers have emerged to challenge this pessimistic scenario and have claimed “things are getting better” (e.g. Lomborg). What, in your opinion, is the cause for such different conclusions? What about yourself,  do you believe things are getting better or worse? What evidence would you identify that supports your position? If you believe things are getting worse, is there any hope for planet Earth according to the readings for this week? Q-2A. The readings for week 2 provide a general perspective on international cooperation in environmental policy. Briefly discuss the dynamics of who participates (e.g., countries) and why they cooperate (i.e., the context or incentives for cooperation). Q-2B. The United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) (Links to an external site.) sets an overall framework and agreements for intergovernmental efforts to tackle the challenge posed by climate change (e.g. Kyoto Protocol/Treaty). It recognizes that the climate system is a shared resource whose stability can be affected by industrial activities and other sources of emissions of carbon dioxide and other heat-trapping gases: Read: https://unfccc.int/files/essential_background/background_publications_htmlpdf/application/pdf/conveng.pdf (Links to an external site.) While treaties take effect in signatory countries such as the members of the European Union and Russia, one of the largest contributors of greenhouse gases in the world, the United States, refuses to sign. Using the readings from week 2, discuss the reason(s) for the lack of participation of some countries (e.g. The United States). What conditions do you think should be present that would promote greater participation? EU Perspective (search for related issues): https://ec.europa.eu/clima/policies/international/negotiations_en (Links to an external site.) Please read all questions carefully and answer all of them completely. Be sure to provide an adequate explanation and supporting arguments for all of your answers. Don’t forget to back up your arguments with concrete examples from the assigned readings or other sources you may have consulted, and please remember to provide adequate citations for any references used. Your answers must demonstrate that you have read and understood the assigned readings. You must use APA style citation format for all citations and references, and don’t forget to include a list of references in the appropriate format. If you are unfamiliar with APA formatting.

Choose a civilization from ancient China (Shang; Zhou; Han) and one from India (Harrapan; Aryan; Mauryan) and describe how religion contributed to the rise and fall of both civilizations. Describe the role religion played in the political system of the two cultures you have chosen. When responding to classmates, provide additional and new research to support or disprove their position. Make sure to use proper APA format for all citations provided and include a reference list for the citations you use.

This essay will require substantial applied analysis: Briefly identify a persistent problem or challenge that was blamed on employee error within your organization (department/unit, past or present). Briefly explain how the “cause” of the persistent problem or challenge was identified. Briefly discuss how the problem was resolved (or handled). Applying what you have read in this class about shared mental models and systems thinking, discuss (in some depth) why “business as usual’ management tends to blame or focus on employee error for errors? From Deming’s perspective, what are the “causes” variation (i.e. errors)? In your answer, be sure to discuss and cite at least three of the books and/or articles that we have used in this course so far as well as one or two additional scholarly or professional publications.) NOTE: Do not use the Denhardt and Denhadt text as one of your sources.  Applying a systems perspective or lens, identify any related (either direct or indirect) actors, agencies, departments, and so forth whose actions, mandates, and responsibilities are interrelated and affect one another. Applying a systems perspective or lens, concisely identify the root cause of the problem within the system and what you now believe you could have done from where you are in the organization (no matter how small) to address the problem or challenge constructively.  

What are the specific challenges of maintaining this principle in a democratic system like ours? What does the textbook say about bureaucratic accountability? Do you agree? Why or why not?

Power and ideas about that power have always gone hand in hand. As Shelley illustrated in his poem, sometimes the idea of that power (in his case, Ozymandias = Rameses II) will survive that very power, until all that remains is memory. But how is that memory transmitted over time? How is the extent of a country’s power and culture communicated throughout time and space? After an introductory text, we will be reading theories about cultural memory and soft power to begin our discussion. Guiding Discussion Questions:  What is Culture? What is Politics? Can you think about how they are intertwined? What distinguishes cultural memory from regular and communicative memory? What transmission mechanisms/media are you aware of?

Paul Greenberg’s article on June 27, 2010, New York Times Magazine discusses the perilous fate of the Bluefin Tuna (http://www.nytimes.com/2010/06/27/magazine/27Tuna-t.html (Links to an external site.)). The conclusion of the article states: “Perhaps people will never come to feel about a tuna the way they have come to feel about whales. Whales are, after all, mammals: they have large brains; they nurse their young, and breed slowly. All of that ensconces them in a kind of empathic cocoon, the warmth of which even the warmest-blooded tuna may never occupy. But what we can perhaps be persuaded to feel, viscerally, is that industrial fishing as it is practiced today against the bluefin and indeed against all the world’s great fish, the very tigers and lions of our era, is an act unbefitting our sentience. An act as pointless, small-minded, and shortsighted as launching a harpoon into the flank of a whale.” Read the article and then comment on the plausibility of an international environmental regime to save the species.  Is it possible?  Is it necessary?  Do you agree that the development of such a regime would be more difficult in comparison to whales?   Please submit an original post (no less than 150 words) by Friday @ 11:59 pm and at least one response post (approximately 75 words) by Sunday @ 11:59 pm. Total points possible: 20 (15 points for the original post, and 5 points for response post). NOTE: If you are using any external source (media or articles), please provide the link so that others can access the reference. Please read all questions carefully and answer all of them completely. Be sure to provide an adequate explanation and supporting arguments for all of your answers. Don’t forget to back up your arguments with concrete examples from the assigned readings or other sources you may have consulted, and please remember to provide adequate citations for any references used. Your answers must demonstrate that you have read and understood the assigned readings. You must use APA style citation format for all citations and references, and don’t forget to include a list of references in the appropriate format. If you are unfamiliar with APA formatting, please see the link below for guidelines. 

1. Identify and explain the current Texas law regarding the selection of most judges in Texas. 2. Identify and explain at least two other types of judicial selection processes used in the U.S. 3. Choose whichever judicial selection method you think is best and give at least two criteria explaining how and why you made your choice. Possible criteria include: impartiality/independence, accountability and competence of judges. 4. Describe who may or may not benefit from the position you take in 3) above. Consider the impact on political parties, on justices and the individuals in the Texas court system. Also consider the impact in other areas, e.g., economic, political, social. 5. List at least two things you could do in order to engage the political process in Texas in pursuit of your position in 3) above, be specific. 6. Cite at least three reliable, quality references within the body of the paper using the Chicago Manual of Style’s parenthetical citation style. One of the citation must come from the class textbook (Champagne, Anthony, Edward J. Harpham and Jason P. Casellas. 2019. Governing Texas, 4th ed. New York: W.W. Norton & Co., Ltd. Paperback). You must have have at least three parenthetical citations in the body of the paper that correctly match the sources properly formatted in the Works Cited Page at the end of the paper. Format Requirements: 1. Typed, 2-3 pages (not counting Works Cited Page), 12-point font, double-spaced. 2. A title is required, but a separate title page is not necessary. 3. A thesis or statement of purpose in the first paragraph. 4. Use of footnotes or endnotes is prohibited. 5. Using encyclopedias, like Wikipedia, history.com, kids.law.com is prohibited.

Research Component: Term Paper Each student is required to write a term paper, which spans 12-15 pages (font size 12 and double-spaced). You are required to send An OUTLINE for the paper, one page in length, to the instructor BY WEEK 6. The outline is on what you PLAN to write in your paper. For the format of your paper, you may follow the scientific notation below: For example, (Epstein 2017, 141-5); Here Epstein refers to the name of author; 2017 the year of publication and 141-5 to the pages on which the information you have cited. Keep the consistency of the format of your choice in your paper. Section for the REFERENCES should be listed at the END of the paper. Choose at least three political ideologies and identify common traits as well as major differences among those ideologies chosen. Make your critiques of each of the ideologies chosen in terms of their respective values and ideals as they are related to the government and politics.

in the style of a journal paper (maximum 7000 words) indicating the following sections:( research aim; research objectives; and research questions) • Title • Abstract • Introduction • Literature Review • Methodology • Results • Discussion • Conclusion • References so we should be able to answer: -What is the research about? (Aim and objectives) -What is the research problem? (Why is the research needed? What is the main reason why you need to do it?) – What methods are you going to use to acquire your data? – What is the significance of the outcome of your research? (How does it contribute to new knowledge, etc?) note: (research aim; research objectives; and research questions) should be provided early so we can agree on, before we complete the rest of the paper)